红土型镍矿床找矿勘查与开发利用新进展

随着全球经济和社会的高速发展,镍的需求量一直保持高位增长趋势。统计数据表明,全球的镍储量约为16亿吨,其中硫化物型镍矿占全部储量的28%,红土型镍矿占72%。鉴于硫化物型镍矿床以品位较高、杂质较少和选冶容易等特点,因此,全球58%左右的镍产量来源于此类矿床。随着硫化物型镍矿床开采量的大量增加和储量快速减少以及后备开采基地的严重不足,因此,人们将开发的重点瞄准了红土型镍矿床。红土型镍矿资源具有以下几个特点：①世界各国已探明的红土型镍的金属量为115亿吨,资源丰富;②无论是找矿勘查,还是矿体的采矿和选矿,其投入成本均很低;③火法冶炼工艺已在工业生产中得到运用,湿法冶炼技术（高压酸浸和堆浸）也正日趋成熟;④红土型镍矿床大多数位于赤道附近,多数临海,便于外运。我国西南和海南岛地区超镁铁质火成岩及其相应的风化层分布广泛,个别岩体（或层）的顶部或旁侧产出有红土型镍矿床（点）,因此,我国有关部门应对红土型镍矿床的找矿勘查和开发利用给予高度重视。     

紫金山铜矿原地破碎细菌浸出工艺的可行性分析

根据紫金山铜矿的实际情况，分析采用原地破碎细菌浸出工艺回收紫金山铜矿资源的工程技术可行性，在此基础上进行经济方面的讨论。     

包气带土层防护地下水污染的反硝化测定影响综述

施加氮肥是农业增产的有效途径,土壤反硝化作用可使其中的剩余、淋洗氮素得到消散和净化,使地下水免受污染。但影响包气带土层中反硝化测定的因素较复杂,目前还没有较完善的测定方法。文章在论述包气带土层反硝化作用的实质与影响因素基础上,总结了现行反硝化测定方法的影响与不足。结合现有监测技术的发展及对包气带土层中物质、能量的转化和分布认识,探讨分析了适宜于研究包气带土层防护地下水污染的反硝化测定方法,为相关学科研究提供借鉴。     

溶浸开采深埋藏杂卤石可行性及溶浸动力学模拟

我国杂卤石矿资源丰富,由于其较难溶性和深埋藏的特点,至今仍未开发利用。根据杂卤石矿成矿条件分析,该矿具有良好的封闭围岩,具备溶浸开采的基本地质条件。溶浸开采杂卤石的技术关键在于其中有效成分的溶出。理论及实验基础研究表明CaCl2等无机盐溶液可改善杂卤石的溶解性能。溶浸开采可能成为深埋藏杂卤石的开发的有效途径。通过实验考查溶浸剂CaCl2浓度、矿石粒度、渗滤速度、渗滤路径等影响杂卤石溶解过程的技术因素,溶解过程动力学研究结果表明用氯化钙溶液渗滤浸出杂卤石的过程符合В.С.Голубев—Г.Н.Крuчев建立的金属浸出动力学模型即C=CH[1-e-γ(χ-vBt)U-vB]。浸出液中K+浓度同渗滤速度与渗滤路径长度之比呈指数关系。根据溶解实验数据求得钾浸出速率常数及钾充分浸出开始到进入液相所需的时间。当渗滤速度从0.159m/h提高到0.318m/h时,浸出速率常数分别为0.03132h-1和0.04383h-1,金属离子充分浸出开始到进入液相所需的时间由297.528h降为218.997h。地浸开采深埋藏杂卤石可以缓解我国钾盐资源紧缺矛盾。     

The influence of fly and bottom ash deposition on the quality of Kastela Bay sediments

The objective of this study was chemical and radiological characterization of Kastela Bay sediments exposed to numerous anthropogenic sources like deposition of fly and bottom ash enriched in radionuclides and heavy metals, chemical plant, cement plant, iron plant, shipyard, electroplating facility, untreated industrial and domestic waste waters as well as heavy traffic. Totally, 33 samples of the mixture of fly and bottom ash, 12 sediment cores ranging from 0 to 40 cm and nine surface sediment samples were analyzed. Enrichment in heavy metals in the mixture of fly and bottom ash was ranging from 1.5 to 36 times compared to flysch soil while ²²⁶Ra and ²³⁸U were up to 50 times enriched compared to average activities characteristic for surrounding soils developed on the Middle and Upper Eocene flysch. Maximum ²³⁸U activity was approximately 32 times higher and ²²⁶Ra approximately 40 times higher in the Kastela Bay sediment compared to mean value determined for Adriatic sediments. The highest enrichment in sediment cores compared to background values were found for Zn (35.6 times), Pb (16 times), Cr (9.1 times) and Ni (4 times)     

Kinetics of leaching of oxidized and reduced ilmenite in dilute hydrochloric acid solutions

Ilmenite separated from beach sands of Bangladesh was oxidized for 1 h at 950 °C and then reduced in charcoal for 4 h at 1050 °C. This was followed by leaching in 5% to 15% hydrochloric acid solution in temperature range of 30 to 75 °C for periods of up to 2 h. The results were compared with those obtained by leaching of ilmenite reduced without oxidizing. Oxidation prior to reduction of the ilmenite was found to increase both the extent and the rate of leaching. The residual iron contents after leaching were also found to be lower than that obtained for non-oxidized samples. The kinetic data of leaching of ilmenite reduced after oxidation was found to follow first order reaction model, i.e., G(α) = − ln(1 − α) up to an α value of 0.5 (i.e. up to 50% reduction) and then changed to spherical model, i.e., G(α) = [1 − (1 − α)]³. On the other hand, leaching of ilmenite reduced without oxidizing was found to follow the Ginstling-Brounshtein reaction, i.e., G(α) = 1 − (2/3)α − (1 − α)^2/3 throughout the leaching process. Oxidation of ilmenite prior to reduction was also found to have decreased the activation energy of leaching from 43 kJ/mol, found for samples leached after reduction without oxidizing, to 30 kJ/mol.     

松辽盆地长岭断陷营城组火山岩储集空间特征及演化

通过对长岭断陷营城组火山岩岩心、铸体薄片的详细观察和物性资料的统计分析认为,该区储层岩石类型多样,主要有流纹岩、流纹质晶屑凝灰岩和原地自碎角砾化熔岩等,不同岩石类型其储集空间发育特征不同,但主要由原生气孔、次生溶孔和裂缝组合构成储集空间。储集空间演化过程可分为三个阶段:原生储集空间形成阶段、表生淋滤作用阶段和埋藏成岩作用阶段,在以上演化过程中,储集性能受岩性岩相、构造运动和风化淋滤溶蚀作用的共同影响,在受深大断裂控制的火山机构近火山口相带、古构造高部位的溶蚀岩相带,裂缝及后期溶蚀孔隙发育,是优质储层分布区。     

中国北西部地区地漫砂岩型铀矿床的成矿条件与分布规律

中亚地区发现大量可地浸砂岩型铀矿床引起了我国的重视，目前正在积极开展此类型铀矿的找矿工作。我国北西部是寻找类似中亚地区层间氧化带后生地浸砂岩型铀矿床最理想的地区，本文在论述了区城大地构造特征、地壳演化与区域铀成矿带形成的基础上，着重阐明了区域中新生代盆地地浸砂岩型铀矿床形成的铀源条件、盆地类型与结构及富铀性对形成地浸砂岩型铀矿的影响；并以区内已有层间氧化带地浸砂岩型铀矿床为例（伊犁盆地、二连盆地与测老庙盆地砂岩型铀矿床），论述了盆地砂岩型铀矿床形成的岩相古地理条件、水文地质与层间氧化带发育条件及对铀成矿的影响；并阐述了本区层间氧化带地浸砂岩型铀矿床的分布规律。     

柠檬酸对岩石中铜的淋滤作用

柠檬酸对岩石中铜的淋滤作用张海祥，王玉荣（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所．广州５１０６４０）张言（冶金部天津地质研究院．天津３０００６１）关键词铜，低温实验，淋滤实验，柠檬酸有关低温条件下有机质和微生物在成岩成矿过程中的作用已日益引起人们的注意。由于表...     

地质工艺孔原地浸出采矿方法与技术

地质工艺孔原地浸出采矿法是一种利用地质工艺孔和化学试剂采矿的新型方法,通过生产试验,对工艺孔结构,布孔方式,施工技术,成井工艺等问题进行了讨论。