加速发展地浸与堆浸技术开发我国的矿产资源

地浸与堆浸是当今世界上采冶开发低品位矿产资源最先进的技术。本文简要阐述了地浸与堆浸的基本概念及其优越性,论述了地浸与堆浸湿法冶金工艺研究的主要内容及该技术的发展与国内外应用现状,在阐述我国地浸与堆浸技术水平与国外相比存在的差距的基础上,提出了应用地浸与堆浸技术加速我国矿产资源开发的前景。     

大洋锰结核氨浸渣作为陶瓷原料的实验研究

通过研究大洋锰结核经氨浸工艺提取Co,Ni,Cu等有价金属后的粉末状固体残渣（氨浸渣）对石英-长石-高岭土3组分陶瓷体系烧结行为及制品性能的影响发现：3组分体系中添加不超过10％的氨浸渣,在1140℃烧结90min,烧结体的抗折强度大于65．9MPa,吸水率小于0．128％．达到JC／T665-1997规定的要求。氨浸渣的助熔效果明显,添加5％～10％即可降低3组分陶瓷烧结温度40℃～80℃,添加量过多（超过10％）会增加熔体相含量．易引起坯体过烧,不利于坯体致密化和烧成工艺控制。添加氨浸渣,烧结体呈灰白色一黄褐色,且烧结体颜色随氨浸渣含量增加而变深。研究认为,氨浸渣可以作为石英-长石-高岭土3组分陶瓷的助熔剂和色料。     

酸洗法测定海洋沉积物有机碳和无机碳含量的致命缺陷

Organic and inorganic carbon contents of marine sediments are important to reconstruct marine productivity,global carbon cycle, and climate change. A proper method to separate and determine organic and inorganic carbons is thus of great necessity. Although the best method is still disputable, the acid leaching method is widely used in many laboratories because of its ease-of-use and high accuracy. The results of the elemental analysis of sediment trap samples reveal that organic and inorganic carbon contents cannot be obtained using the acid leaching method, causing an infinitely amplified error when the carbon content of the decarbonated sample is 12%±1% according to a mathematical derivation. Acid fumigation and gasometric methods are used for comparison, which indicates that other methods can avoid this problem in organic carbon analysis. For the first time, this study uncovers the pitfalls of the acid leaching method, which limits the implication in practical laboratory measurement, and recommends alternative solutions of organic/inorganic carbon determination in marine sediments.     

煤中微量元素在土壤环境中的迁移

煤或煤矸石中的微量元素在水等条件作用下发生变化,并从其中析出随水体进入土壤环境中,在土壤环境中发生迁移和富集,其迁移的能力受土壤环境的制约,本文通过对煤的淋溶实验,分析了煤中微量元素在土壤环境迁移的能力,根据对煤矸石堆周转土壤中微量元素的平面上和垂向上的含量变化,研究了微量元素在土壤环境中富集能力及煤中微量元素对土壤环境的影响,为正确评价煤中微量元素在土壤中的环境效应提供依据。     

渔塘坝富硒碳质岩石中硒淋滤实验的初步研究

渔塘坝是中国较为典型的高硒地区之一。从该区选取了4个典型的富硒碳质岩样品,并在常温条件下进行了淋滤实验研究(pH=2.0,4.0和6.5)。初步结果表明:随着液固比的增大和淋滤时间的延长,淋滤液中硒含量变化的总体呈降低趋势。不同岩类间硒的淋失量有所差别,但岩石总量硒并不是影响硒淋失的主要因素。淋滤原液的不同pH值对岩石硒的淋失有显著影响,其淋失量的排列顺序是pH=2.0>pH=6.5>pH=4.0。岩石中碳酸盐与黄铁矿含量之比同淋滤液pH的变化有关,并且极可能是影响岩石风化初始阶段硒淋失的重要因素之一。     

A laboratory investigation of the leaching of solute from snowpack by rainfall

Under controlled laboratory conditions, artificial rain leaches solute from snow columns, and gives rise to leachate with a composition similar to snowmelt, in addition to the solute initially present in the artificial rain. the initial concentration of ions in the leachate, normalized to the concentration of ions found in the original snow and corrected for the solute present in the artificial rain, is similar to those reported in other laboratory and field studies of snowmelt composition, but there is some evidence that the concentration of leached ions declines more rapidly than during snowmelt. Similarly, as in snowmelt studies, not all ions are leached with the same efficiency. Bearing in mind the confounding influences of snow crystal morphology and snow column hydrology, it seems likely that rain will leach solute from snowpack during rain-on-snow events, in a manner similar to leaching by snowmelt, and that the precise composition of the leachate will depend on the hydrological routing of rain-meltwater mixtures through the snowpack.     

碳酸钠浸取一紫外荧光光谱法测定地质样品中痕量铀

地质样品经HF-HNO_3-HCl-HClO_4溶解后,用50 g/L碳酸钠溶液浸取分离,采用紫外荧光光谱法直接测定上清液的铀含量。浸取时间选择30 min,Fe、Zn、Ca、Co、Ni、Cu和Mn等元素留在残渣中不产生干扰。方法精密度(RSD,n=12)为3．37%～7．06%,检出限为0．009μg/g(进样量100μL)。方法参加区域地球化学考核样品的测试,合格率100%,适用于土壤、水系沉积物、岩石及Fe、Zn、Ca、Co、Ni、Cu和Mn含量较高的样品中痕量铀的测定。     

离子交换技术在火山热液铀钼类型矿石堆浸生产中的应用

本文以上马架子火山热液铀钼类型矿石堆浸采铀开发为例，对离子交换技术回收浸出液中铀的工艺原理、条件和应用进行论述，对两种淋洗剂进行简要的论述和比较，并简要介绍了树脂钼中毒的机理及处理方法，对开发该类型矿床（点）具有一定的参考意义。     

Age constraints on the evolution of the Austroalpine basement to the south of the Tauern Window

The Austroalpine basement to the south of the Tauern Window once was part of the northern margin of Gondwana. It includes the “Altkristallin” and the phyllitic Thurntaler Complex. In the Altkristallin (AMU, MPU), suites of arc-related metamafic sequences occur together with calc-alkaline metagranite. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of zircon from calc-alkaline metagranite associated with an eclogitic amphibolite give an age of 470 ± 3 Ma interpreted as the age of protolith emplacement. In the Thurntaler Complex, metaporphyroids occur together with tholeiitic as well as alkaline within-plate basalt-type metabasite. The metaryholites of this association give a crystallization SHRIMP age of 477 ± 4 Ma, which suggests contemporaneity of arc-related and extensional settings in the Austroalpine basement units. The age data demonstrate widespread magmatic activity associated with the Early-Ordovician amalgamation at the end of the 550–470 Ma subduction–accretion–collision cycle. The Pb–Pb and U–Pb systematics of step-wise leached staurolite and kyanite from the peak-metamorphic assemblage of the Altkristallin indicate that (1) step-wise leaching of staurolite and kyanite yields the age of inclusions rather than the host; (2) zircon inclusions in staurolite suggest an Ordovician or older age for the precursor of the staurolite-schists; (3) the weighted average of the ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U data of the various leaching steps yields a Variscan age for the inclusions (ilmenite, biotite, and andesine). Since these inclusions are part of the metamorphic mineral assemblage, this age provides a minimum estimate for staurolite growth, i.e., metamorphism. Thus, the Pb–Pb and U–Pb systematics of staurolite provide evidence for a Variscan metamorphism of the Austroalpine basement, e.g., MPU, AMU and Thurntaler Complex, to the south of the Tauern Window.