南极测量控制点新标志的设计与实现

"极地科考,测绘先行"。伴随着始于1984年的中国南极科学考察步伐,国家测绘地理信息局先后派出一百余人次的测绘科学考察队员,参加了全部28次的南极科学考察工作。测量标志是测绘工作的直观体现,在南极这块没有领土分割的大陆上开展测绘工作,布设测量标志,起到丰富国家基础测绘成果,彰显国家主权的重要意义。     

甘肃西部化石沟铜矿地质特征及其找矿标志

化石沟铜矿是近年来甘肃西部发现并评价的最具影响的铜矿床。矿体主要赋存于海西晚期的英云闪长岩和英云闪长斑岩中,近南北向的弧形断裂控制含矿岩体和地层的展布。硅化、绢英岩化、黑云母化蚀变与成矿呈正相关关系,且具斑岩型矿床的蚀变分带特征。表部发育的次生氧化带、硅化、绢英岩化、黑云母化及弧形构造带与含矿岩体的组合是矿床的直接找矿标志,激电异常及化探异常、重砂异常是矿床的间接找矿标志。目前各类找矿标志显示,化石沟矿区及外围具较大的找矿潜力,通过勘查找矿,化石沟铜矿有望成为大型乃至超大型矿床。     

Wind-generated tool marks resembling trace fossils in a shallow estuarine environment

A suite of tool marks were observed in the seaward section of a small estuary on the south coast of New South Wales. The marks were formed through wind-generated waves dragging Eucalyptus leaves and Casuarina fronds over the backshore sands that separate the closed estuary from the sea. Some of the marks formed through the process of tilting, which has not previously been recognised in an Australian setting. A number of the more complex marks closely resemble trace fossils left by fish, and differentiation between the two in the sedimentary record could be difficult. If correctly identified as tool marks, then they could give a spurious estimate of palaeoflow direction, as they correspond to the orientation of the prevailing winds at the time of formation. This study highlights the need for judicious interpretation of ambiguous grooves in the sedimentary record.     

Calibrations to estimate absolute numbers of New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) pups from direct counts

Annual direct counts of seal pups can indicate long‐term trends in population size, but mark‐recapture estimates are needed to deduce absolute numbers. A calibration between results from these two methods would facilitate the use of direct counts to estimate absolute numbers, an outcome that is relatively quick, cheap and minimises disturbance of animals. Mark‐recapture estimates for the numbers of New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) pups in 2003 at 10 colonies at Otago, southeastern New Zealand, were compared with independent single counts at the same colonies. A single ratio to estimate absolute numbers (y) from direct counts x was not statistically significant. Instead, two ratios were deduced, based on differences in habitat among colonies: y = 1.51x for colonies with hiding places for pups and y = 0.96x for colonies without hiding places. Application of these calibrations and their 95% prediction intervals produce estimates and ranges for the absolute numbers of pups from single annual counts.     

基于KML在Google Earth批量标记方法

通过对KML文件结构的分析,利用UltraEdit软件制作KML文件,笔者总结出一种在Google Earth中批量标记点位的方法.     

基于孔压静力触探测试的改进分层总和法在软基沉降预测中的应用研究

分层总和法在高速公路软基沉降的预测中得到了广泛的应用。然而,由于基于钻探的土层划分往往比较粗糙以及基于室内试验的压缩模量确定不太可靠,导致沉降预测与实际偏差较大。孔压静力触探（CPTU）作为一种新型的多功能原位测试技术,可以同时测试得到锥尖阻力、侧壁摩阻力和孔压沿深度的连续剖面,较好地改善这一状况。以连盐高速公路为研究实例,采用多变量统计分析中的最优分割理论,基于CPTU高精度测试数据对土层进行了精细划分,并通过实际沉降观测资料的反演分析确定了基于CPTU的压缩模量计算方法,进而通过对高速公路实测沉降和CPTU预测沉降的比较,验证了文中计算方法的有效性     

地基非线性沉降计算原状土切线模量法的推广和应用

根据原状地基的载荷试验曲线,对于试验曲线为任意形式的情况下,提出了直接应用实测压板试验的P-S曲线,依据应力水平确定原状土切线模量的一般方法,建立了应力水平与原状土切线模量的关系。用该切线模量对地基沉降进行分层总和法计算,反映了原状地基土的特点和土的非线性,可以用于较准确地进行地基的沉降计算,且可以计算地基的非线性沉降过程,同时可以克服原切线模量法中假设压板试验曲线为双曲线方程的限制,使原状土切线模量法能应用于更广的范围。通过实例说明了方法的可行性     

河北洞子沟银多金属矿矿物标型特征及找矿意义

通过对洞子沟银矿床黄铁矿成分、热电性标型、石英微量元素和热发光特征测试,发现2、3号矿体石英微量化学Co/Ni平均值为0.33,具层控矿化的特点;据矿床地球化学特征推断洞子沟银矿床成因与海相火山无关,认为洞子沟银矿床具备典型沉积改造型层控矿床基本特征.黄铁矿热电性标型为低值N型,石英热发光曲线出现双峰,峰形较正常等显示洞子沟银矿本区深部具较好找矿远景.     

浙江长兴大银山金矿成因探讨

受燕山中晚期地质构造运动和岩浆活动的影响 ,在中酸性侵入岩体与钙镁碳酸盐岩外接触带 ,大银山金矿体呈扁平透镜状产于侵入体的舌状端部。是中低温热液型含金矽卡岩矿床。研究其成矿地质条件和控因素 ,对找矿和成矿预测均有重要意义     

浅谈勘测定界测量的作业方法

简要介绍了在勘界测量过程中,所必须用到的一些土地权属知识,以及野外作业的精度要求。在内业整理过程中所总结的一些编写方法。