滇西上芒岗红色粘土型金矿常量元素地球化学

滇西上芒岗红色粘土剖面中常量元素的垂向分布研究表明，K2O、Fe2O3、Al2O3在剖面中的变化一致，呈双峰曲线变化，即在坡积带稍有富集、在残积带明显富集；而SiO2与铁、铝等在剖面中的变化相反。红色粘土与矿区地层和矿化蚀变岩的常量元素对比分析表明了红色粘土可能来源于地层和矿化蚀变岩。常量元素之间的相关性以及常量元素与金的相关性分析表明K2O、Fe2O3、Al2O3在红色粘土中为共生元素；金的富集主要受红色粘土中褐铁矿和伊利石的吸附影响。红土化参数分析说明了红色粘土剖面经历两次红土化作用，残积带相对于其它带经受过较强的红土化作用，但整个红色粘土剖面遭受的红土化作用不强，红土化程度低，仅处于粘土化阶段。     

云南省金平县中良铜镍多金属矿床地质特征及找矿标志

金平县中良铜镍多金属矿床位于云南哀牢山结晶基底断块东南端,为岩浆结晶分异和岩浆熔离矿床。为查明矿体特征,扩大找矿成果,通过地质、物探、化探及地表工程揭露等技术手段对矿体进行了查证,在沿NW向F₁断层侵位的基性-超基性杂岩体中圈定出铜镍矿体和铁矿(化)体。通过在分析矿床地质特征基础上,笔者认为研究区内的基性-超基性杂岩体,NW向分布的断裂带,Cu、Ni、Co、V、Ti等元素的土壤地球化学异常区,地表出露的皮壳状、蜂窝状铁帽是矿床重要的找矿标志。     

中国南方红土型金成矿系列研究综述

红土型金矿床是原生金矿化遭受红土化作用改造所形成的一种表生金矿床,包括"红色粘土型"和"铁帽型"金矿床.中国红土型金矿以风化再造型为主,受气候影响而主要分布在南方,并与岩金成矿系列分布基本一致.风化壳常量元素、稀土元素、粘土矿物系统研究表明,成矿作用环境时空变化整体受风化强度控制,其风化作用早期呈中碱性、晚期呈酸性,风化壳下部偏碱性、还原,项部偏酸性、氧化的特点.典型矿床因子分析揭示,红土型金成矿作用可分为氧化和水解两个阶段.氧化阶段风化较弱,基岩释放大量碱性离子,使成矿流体保持中性,金溶解并主要以Au(S2O3)23-形式迁移;水解阶段风化较强,硅酸盐矿物发生脱碱去硅作用,随着大气降水不断参与,成矿流体性质由中碱性缓慢过渡到中-酸性条件,金以胶体或氯化物络合物形式迁移.金一般在风化壳下部富集,表生矿物吸附、氧化还原界面处被Fe2 、Mn2 还原以及不同性质流体混合都能促使金的沉淀.     

桂北高邦山中基性岩体的铜镍成矿性研究

高邦山中基性岩体形成于四堡运动的构造岩浆活动,是桂北地区出露最大的基性岩体,出露面积20km^2以上.对该岩体的岩相、地球化学、稀土元素组成等特征的研究表明,其与区内层状、似层状成矿基性杂岩体相比,具有同源岩浆成因,并有着更好的深部岩浆分异作用和良好成矿地质条件.研究认为,该类岩体底部、下部的岩浆通道及附近断裂构造为重要的成矿场所.首次在岩体内发现受断裂控制的矿化超基性岩,这对桂北铜镍矿找矿有着重要的启示作用.     

A simple approach for determining particle size enlargement mechanisms in nickel reduction

This paper examines the active mechanisms responsible for the size enlargement of nickel metal particles during reduction by hydrogen gas. The population balance, related to particle size distribution, is discretized and solved with the method of moments to model the experimental data. This data was generated in a solution of intermittently constant supersaturation during the batch reduction in an 11,000 l of autoclave. PSD and mass distributions were determined by periodically removing suspension samples. In the proposed model, only the growth mechanism is taken into account and aggregation is ignored. Comparison of simulated and experimental PSD and mass distributions show that growth was not the only active mechanisms. Results from the plant indicate that there is an increase in particle size as the cycle progresses. The model generally underpredicts the growth shift in the PSDs' for the early and the larger densifications although it correctly predicts the growth shift in the middle densifications. Constant growth is therefore not the exclusive controlling mechanism. The findings have been confirmed by the trend of the zeroth moment as a function of time.     

Criteria and problems in estimating global lateritic nickel resources

Although two-thirds of the present nickel production is derived from nickel sulfides, lateritic nickel reserves are estimated to be around three times as large as those of sulfides. This discrepancy is largely caused by the mineralogical complexity of lateritic nickel which precludes low-cost beneficiation by conventional physical methods. Nevertheless, lateritic nickel reserves are bound to become increasingly important because of expected metallurgical advances. Lateritic nickel deposits were formed from peridotitic rocks on peneplaned surfaces during a tropical or subtropical climate. The most important deposits were formed during the Tertiary and the lateritization process still continues in deposits situated in the present tropical or subtropical belts. Other deposits, like those in East Europe and Greece, were formed during much older periods (Palaeogene-Cretaceous). The various types of lateritic nickel deposits, covered or uncovered,in situ or transported, are listed and their characteristics briefly mentioned. Large differences exist in depth, grade, specific gravity, and mineralogical composition—the latter especially in the nickel silicate section as opposed to the overlying limonitic section. These large differences exist even within one individual mining area. Because of the mineralogical complexities and highly irregular boundaries of lateritic nickel deposits (especially the upper and lower boundaries of the nickel silicate section), thorough studies are required to determine the mineralogical composition and ratios of the components. Only then may it be possible to specify with confidence the most suitable metallurgical process which has a strong bearing on the cost and consequently the viability of the deposit. This condition makes the exploitability rating in the McKelvey classification diagram relatively more difficult. Because of the quickly changing geological attributes of deposits even within limited areas, it seems necessary to develop various deposit models for many, if not most, individual metallogenic regions. It does not seens justified or practical to use estimation methodologies based on straight extrapolation. This is especially the case when dealing with the young uncovered type of deposit which constitutes the bulk of global resources. Consequently methodologies no. I (areal value estimation. Cargill, Meyer, Picklyk, Urquidi, 1977) and no. 2 (volumetric estimation) are not considered suitable. It is thought that methodology no. 3 (abundance estimation) in conjunction with no. 5 (Delphi estimation) would work satisfactorily but, as could be expected, the most meaningful results should come from a combination of methodologies nos. 4 (deposit modeling), 5 (Delphi estimation), and 6 (integrated synthesis). A classification of leteritic nickel deposit types is proposed. This paper was presented at the International Geological Conclation Program (IGCP) Project 98: “Standards for Computer Applications in Resource Studies” held at Taita Hills, Kenya, November 8–15, 1977.     

1—（2—羟基—3,5—二硝基苯）—3—4（4—苯基—2—噻唑）—三氮稀的合成及其与镍的显

合成了新试剂 1 - (2 -羟基 - 3,5-二硝基苯 ) - 3- (4-苯基 - 2 -噻唑 ) -三氮烯 ,研究了在表面活性剂TritonX - 1 0 0存在下 ,它与Ni2 的显色反应。结果表明 ,在 pH 6.0～ 7.5时 ,Ni2 与该试剂形成配合物 ,其最大吸收峰位于 51 5nm处 ,摩尔吸光系数为 1 .0 8× 1 0 5 L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 。Ni2 在 0～ 0 .4mg/L内符合比尔定律。方法已用于矿物、合金、钢样中微量镍的测定 ,结果与原子吸收法相符 ,相对标准偏差RSD <5% (n =6)     

茶园土壤不同形态镍的含量及其影响因素

通过自然茶园土壤采样和室内实验分析,探讨浙江、江苏和安徽13个茶园土壤镍的污染状况、形态分布规律以及不同形态镍的含量与土壤镍总量和土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明：部分茶园土壤受到不同程度的镍污染;茶园土壤镍的形态分布有一定差异,按镍的含量多少排序,一般为残渣态＞交换态＞铁锰氧化物结合态＞有机结合态＞碳酸盐结合态;除了交换态以外的所有其他形态的镍含量均随土壤镍含量的增加而显著增加;碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态镍含量随土壤pH的升高呈显著增加趋势,而交换态镍则呈减少趋势,但不显著;随土壤有机质含量的增加,铁锰氧化物结合态镍显著减少,而其他形态增加或减少的趋势均不显著;碳酸盐结合态、有机结合态和残渣态的镍含量均随阳离子交换量的增加显著增加;随粘粒含量的增加所有形态中的镍呈增加趋势,但除了残渣态外增加趋势均不显著。     

Usable Values of Nickel Ore and Nickel Concentrate Certified Reference Materials

The preparation and characterisation of three nickel ores and two nickel concentrate certified reference materials are described in this paper. The samples of nickel ore and nickel concentrate were collected from the Hongqiling nickel deposit in Jilin province. The raw materials were crushed and passed through a 2.0‐mm sieve. The rough samples were then ground for 48 hr in a high‐alumina ball mill to a final size of < 0.074 mm. Homogeneity of the samples was tested by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (WD‐XRF) and inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES). The relative standard deviations (RSD) of results on mass fraction measurements by WD‐XRF were < 1.0% m/m for eighteen components. F‐tests showed that all five samples were homogeneous. Nineteen laboratories contributed with measurement results (2127 in total) for the certification of mass fractions for twenty‐three elements and compounds. Twenty‐three components in the nickel ores and twenty components in the nickel concentrates were characterised as certified values, while the Ni mass fractions ranges from 0.1 to 9.02% m/m in these certified reference materials. These five samples were approved as national certified reference materials by the National Organisation of Reference Materials of China in 2012.     

锍镍试金富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定黑色页岩中的铂族元素

黑色页岩中碳、硫、镍等元素的含量很高,按照常规的锍镍试金熔剂配方不能形成较好的锍扣,影响铂族元素准确定值。本文通过调整试剂配方、优化操作流程等方式建立了黑色页岩中铂族元素的锍镍试金-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定方法。结果表明,加入适量硝酸钾可以将铂族元素回收率提高了大约10%。用盐酸溶解锍扣之后,溶液中仍然存在大量黑色沉淀,不易过滤和溶解,趁热在不断搅拌下加入2～3 mL三氯化铁溶液可以在很大程度上减少沉淀量,降低实验操作的难度和不确定性。方法检出限Ru为0.054 ng/g,Rh为0.040 ng/g,Pd为0.40 ng/g,Ir为0.032 ng/g,Pt为0.27 ng/g,Os为0.026 ng/g。精密度和准确度试验表明,该方法稳定可靠,可用于黑色页岩中铂族元素的准确测定。