酸浸法提取硫酸镍的新工艺流程与实践

我国金属镍的生产起步较晚,产量较低,并且有限的镍矿在开采、选矿、冶金中,产出了大量的含处废石、尾石及冶炼炉渣等,开发利用这些废物,搞好镍资源的二次回收,既能减少环境污染,又能获得较好的效益。对青海省拉水峡铜镍矿低品位选矿尾砂进行稀酸浸取提纯,生产结晶硫酸镍产品,镍一次浸出率达75％以上,总回收率近70％。中试流程简单,生产成本较低,产品质量较高,为从低品位镍矿和含镍废料中回收镍提供了范例。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定红土镍矿中镍钴铜

红土镍矿样品用无水Na2CO3-Na2B4O7混合熔剂熔融,HCl浸出酸化,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法直接测定样品中镍、钴、铜的含量。Cu 324.754 nm使用Y 371.030 nm作为内标线,Ni 231.604 nm、Co 228.616 nm使用Y 224.306 nm作为内标线校正基体干扰,方法检出限镍为0.5μg/g、钴为1.0μg/g、铜为1.0μg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为1.2%～2.0%,加标回收率为95.0%～103.6%,能满足红土镍矿的分析要求。     

Nature and origins of granitic regolith in bauxite mine floors in the Darling Range,Western Australia

Chemical and physical weathering of primary minerals during the formation of laterite profiles in the Darling Range has formed distinct secondary mineral and morphological zones in the regolith. Erosion and human activity such as mining have exposed large areas of lateritic regolith, and its classification is important for land management, especially for mine rehabilitation. Preserved rock fabrics within regolith may enable the identification of parent rock type and degree of weathering, thus providing explanations for variations in important physical properties such as the strength and water retention of regolith. Feldspar, quartz, biotite and muscovite in porphyritic and fine-grained monzogranite in lateritic profiles have weathered via a series of gradational changes to form saprolite and pedolith consisting of kaolin, quartz, iron oxides, muscovite and gibbsite. Local reorganisation in the upper regolith or pedoplasmation zone has included illuviation of kaolin, which may be iron oxide-stained and which has disrupted the preserved rock fabric of saprock and saprolite. Quartz grain- or matrix-supported fabrics have developed, with greater pedoplasmation resulting in a quartz-grain-supported fabric. The recognition of these processes enables the use of gibbsite grainsize and distribution in regolith to infer original feldspar grainsize. Muscovite-rich or muscovite-deficient kaolin matrix indicates where plagioclase or alkali feldspar, respectively, was present in the parent rock. In some regolith, cementing by iron oxides has faithfully preserved rock fabric. The recognition of these various regolith types provides a basis for identifying the parent materials of lateritic regolith developed from granitic and doleritic rocks. Rock fabric is sometimes preserved in iron oxide-cemented bauxite mine floor regolith (Zh) due to the pseudomorphic gibbsite grains and iron oxide cement which forms a porous, rigid fabric. Plagioclase-rich granitoid is more likely to have weathered to dense clay-rich regolith (Zp), whereas albite and alkali feldspar have weathered to quartz-rich regolith (Zm) with the random orientation of quartz grains indicating that substantial reorganisation of rock fabric has occurred. It is possible to predict the response of regolith materials exposed in mine floors to management practices including ripping and re-vegetation, thus allowing targeted use of deep-ripping and planting density based on regolith type.     

津巴布韦大岩墙北部红土型镍矿成矿条件及找矿标志

津巴布韦大岩墙北部红土型镍矿严格受橄榄岩控制,受地形地貌条件影响,位于橄榄岩出露的支谷山前缓坡地带的红土下部和靠山坡一侧.沟谷平坦和山上陡坡地段则无矿或有极薄氧化壳.该大岩墙上部橄榄岩、辉石岩、橄榄辉石岩带和铬铁矿层呈层状相互交替组成韵律性层序.在橄榄岩出露的地表植被稀疏,多为草本植物,而辉石岩、橄榄辉石岩带上呈现出茂密树丛.     

EDTA滴定法测定镍矿石中氧化钙

建立了利用EDTA滴定法测定镍矿石中氧化钙的方法.考察了镍、碱度、沉淀剂、干扰元素、钙试剂对滴定的影响.确定了最佳的实验条件：温度50~60℃,陈化时间1 h,饱和草酸铵用量20 mL.方法检出限为1%,相对标准偏差1.1%~2.1%,回收率98.98%~102.6%.本方法灵敏度高,适合于镍矿石中氧化钙的快速测定.     

浅谈广西宝坛的富镍矿

宝坛地区的镍矿开采在近十年的开发中日渐衰落。对本区尚未开发的镍矿,越来越受到一些矿产开发公司的青睐;但过去一直认为宝坛无富镍矿的说法,笔者对该区多年工作实践以及收集大量地质资料进行综合分析研究,认为对宝坛镍矿较贫无法开采利用的看法值得商榷。     

Geology and geochemistry of the Jianchaling hydrothermal nickel deposit: T–pH–fO2–fS2 conditions and nickel precipitation mechanism

The Jianchaling nickel deposit in the Bikou Terrane (Shaanxi Province, China) occurs along the boundaries between granite porphyry and carbonated ultramafic rocks (carbonated serpentinite, talc–carbonate rocks, and listwaenite). Serpentine– magnetite, serpentine– magnesite– magnetite, and magnesite– talc– quartz– pyrite– violarite– millerite– chalcopyrite assemblage formed in carbonated ultramafic rocks during hydrothermal activities. Ni-bearing sulphides, coexisting with magnesite, postdated magnetite in carbonated ultramafic rocks. Compared with serpentinite, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, and Pb concentrate in talc–carbonate rocks. The fact that the NiO contents of magnetite decrease with progressive carbonation of serpentinite suggests that Ni from magnetite concentrated in fluid and contributed to the formation of the Jianchaling nickel deposit. Sulphides precipitated from fluid with log fO₂ value varying from −34.5 to −31.8 and log fS₂ value varying from −10.3 to −9.2. High pH and HS⁻ activities triggered by transformation of serpentine into magnesite–talc–quartz assemblage promoted precipitation of Ni-bearing sulphides, and finally formed the Jianchaling hydrothermal nickel deposit.     

青海省镍矿资源开发利用现状浅析

世界上镍工业资源主要为红土型、硫化镍及海底含镍锰结核3种,我国镍资源储量占全球第九,主要以硫化镍矿为主,而西部地区,尤其是西北地区是我国最主要硫化镍矿产资源地.近年来,随着青海省夏日哈木超大型铜镍硫化物矿床的发现,青海省加大了硫化镍矿资源的找寻力度,发现了一批成矿潜力较大的矿床（点）,省内铜镍资源有望进一步得到拓展.本文通过分析青海省内镍矿资源分布、勘探开发及目前全球镍资源供需变化等,为我国镍矿业的投资、开发、管理提供参考依据.     

中南部非洲镍矿成矿规律及资源潜力分析

中南部非洲镍矿资源丰富,大体可分为岩浆型和风化壳型2种预测类型。本文在对中南部非洲243处镍矿床/点资料系统收集整理的基础上,将产出的镍矿初步划分为新太古代、古元古代、中元古代和新元古代4个成矿期,南非卡普瓦尔北缘古元古代Cr-Ni-Cu（PGE）成矿带、津巴布韦大岩墙新太古代Ni-Cr（PGE）成矿带、博茨瓦纳弗朗西斯敦—赛莱比—皮奎新太古代Ni-Cu-Au成矿带、赞比亚赞比西津巴—卢萨卡新元古代Au-Ni-Cu成矿带、坦桑尼亚乌本迪—乌萨嘎仁古元古代Ni-Cu成矿带和坦桑尼亚—布隆迪基巴拉中元古代Ni-Cu-Co成矿带共6个成矿带,从整体上构成了北东向的中南部非洲巨型镍矿带;并分别对研究区内典型的与大陆边缘裂解有关的Ni-Cu（PGE）矿床、与造山带伸展背景有关的Ni-Cu矿床、与地幔柱有关的Ni-Cu（PGE）矿床和风化壳型镍矿床的矿床地质特征和成矿模式进行了研究。综合研究表明,布什维尔德矿集区、津巴布韦大岩墙矿集区、博茨瓦纳弗朗西斯敦—赛莱比—皮奎矿集区、坦桑尼亚—布隆迪穆松加迪—卡邦加矿集区镍矿资源潜力巨大,找矿前景优越。     

催化光度法测定痕量镍的研究

研究了在ＫＨ２ＰＯ４Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７缓冲介质中，痕量镍催化Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化胭脂红褪色的指示反应及动力学条件，测定了反应活化能，建立了动力学光度法测定痕量镍的新方法。方法检出限为２４０×１０－８ｇ／Ｌ，测定范围为００８～２４μｇ／Ｌ。结合丁二酮肟正丁醇萃取分离，实现了对铝合金标样中痕量镍的测定，ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝６）小于３％。