Effect of a forced harmonic vibration pile to its adjacent pile in layered elastic soil with double-shear model

A new model named double-shear model based on Pasternak foundation and Timoshenko beam theory is developed to evaluate the effect of a forced harmonic vibration pile to its adjacent pile in multilayered soil medium. The double-shear model takes into account the shear deformation and the rotational inertia of piles as well as the shear deformation of soil. The piles are simulated as Timoshenko beams, which are embedded in a layered Pasternak foundation. The differential equation of transverse vibration for a pile is solved by the initial parameter method. The dynamic interaction factors for the layered soil medium are obtained by the transfer matrix method. The formulation and the implementation have been verified by means of several examples. The individual shear effects of soil and piles on the interaction factors are evaluated through a parametric study. Compared to Winkler model with Euler beam, the present model gives much better results for the dynamic interaction of piles embedded in stiff soil with small slenderness ratios. Finally, the effect of a forced long pile to a short pile embedded in multilayered soil medium is studied in detail.     

基于桩身应力测试的静压PHC管桩贯入机制

压桩过程中PHC管桩侧摩阻力与端阻力的分离是制约其贯入机制及承载力研究的瓶颈。通过桩身预埋准分布式FBG光纤传感器,对贯入成层土地基中5根足尺开口PHC管桩侧摩阻力及端阻力发展变化情况进行了监测。试验表明,准分布式光纤传感测试技术现场可操作性强,粗放施工环境下贯入阻力分离效果较为理想。成层土地基中压桩力曲线基本反映地层土性变化,桩端土层性状对压桩力影响较大。硬质土层界面处试桩压桩力平均增幅约为64.06%,端阻力受地层变化影响更为显著,平均增长幅度约为97.41%,侧摩阻力平均增长幅度约为17.92%;桩端位于非硬质土层试桩压桩力变化不明显。贯入过程中现场足尺试验桩身应力变化不同于室内模型试验,桩身上、下部侧摩阻力发挥的力学机制不同。受现场粗放施工条件及深度方向土层变化影响,贯入成层土地基中桩侧摩阻力临界深度现象不明显。     

考虑土拱效应的疏排桩支护基坑内力和变形分析

采用同济大学中型岩土离心机进行了2组疏排桩支护基坑的离心机模型试验,结合三维有限元数值分析探讨了采用规范方法计算疏排桩支护基坑桩身内力与变形的适宜性,并提出了考虑土拱效应的疏排桩支护基坑桩侧土压力的理论计算方法,最后建立了考虑土拱效应的疏排桩支护基坑桩身内力和变形的计算模型。研究结果表明：对于桩间距与桩径之比为2、3和8的疏排桩支护基坑,桩间土体无法形成土拱效应;对于桩间距与桩径之比为4～7的疏排桩支护基坑,桩间土拱效应明显;规范法计算得到桩身内力与变形结果要比离心机试验结果偏大,与规范方法相比,采用文中提出的计算方法计算疏排桩支护基坑桩身内力与变形更为合理。     

A new look at the phenomenon of offshore pile plugging

Abstract

Open‐pipe piles are widely used for offshore structures. During the initial stage of installation, soil enters the pile at a rate equal to the pile penetration. As penetration continues, the inner soil cylinder may develop sufficient frictional resistance to prevent further soil intrusion, causing the pile to become plugged. The open‐ended pile then assumes the penetration characteristics of a closed‐ended pile. The mode of pile penetration significantly alters the soil‐pile interaction during and after installation. This affects the ultimate static bearing capacity (mainly in granular materials), the time‐dependent pile capacity (in clays), and the dynamic behavior and analysis of the piles.

Following a summary demonstrating the effects of pile plugging, a review of the common view of offshore pile plugging is undertaken. The interpretation of plugging by referring to the average plug length has led to the erroneous conclusion that in most piles significant plugging action does not occur.

Establishment of an analogy between soil samplers and open‐ended piles enabled correct identification of plugging by referring to the incremental changes in plug length. Examination of case histories of plugging of offshore piles revealed that beyond a certain penetration depth‐to‐diameter ratio, most piles are plugged.     

弧形间隔排桩-桩顶拱梁空间抗滑结构理论研究

为充分利用地形、地质结构和混凝土的材料特性,优化直线排桩的不利受力状态和提高其整体稳定性,提出了弧形间隔排桩-桩顶拱梁新型空间抗滑结构,即根据滑坡地形及地质条件弧形布设抗滑桩,桩顶设置连系梁,连系梁两端设置抗力桩,形成空间结构以抵抗滑坡推力。以抗滑桩与连系梁之间的作用力为冗力,分别建立了连系梁和抗滑桩的计算模型,并对连系梁的内力和抗滑桩的位移进行了理论分析,根据连系梁与抗滑桩连接处的位移协调条件,建立了力法典型方程求解冗力。最终得出了连系梁的弯矩、剪力和轴力以及抗滑桩的位移、内力理论计算公式。通过算例分析并与悬臂桩及直线排桩-桩顶连系梁抗滑结构比较,结果表明：空间抗滑结构中弧形连系梁的内力分布更加合理,弧形连系梁对抗滑桩的位移约束效果明显。     

基于土拱效应下的地震作用与抗滑桩桩间距关系分析

基于抗滑桩桩间土土拱效应,建立在地震作用下土拱效应的力学分析模型,在Mononobe-Okabe理论的基础上,将土拱作用等效为挡土墙作用,提出在一定地震设防烈度下土拱面上水平地震力的计算方法;在考虑滑坡推力和地震力两种外力作用下,依据桩间土在极限平衡状态下的静力平衡条件和强度条件,得出桩间净距理论计算公式.工程实例和系列试算表明,同等条件下,考虑地震作用比不考虑地震作用桩间净距要减小4％ ～ 23％,由此得出不同抗震设防等级下桩间净距计算的折减系数和桩间净距直接折减计算公式,以指导抗滑桩工程设计.     

钢套管灌注群桩施工顺序对多隧道的影响

通过理论研究和数值分析方法,分析了钢套管桩不同的施工顺序对邻近既有隧道的影响,并结合现场实测数据对分析结果进行了验证。首先,采用理论方法分析钢套管旋转下压过程中土塞柱的受力情况,建立微分方程计算土塞柱底端的应力、土塞柱受到的剪切扭矩和自身抗剪扭矩,进而分析得到了土塞柱发生剪切破坏和土塞效应的临界深度。在此基础上按是否产生闭塞效应,分两种情况研究了钢套管旋压过程中产生的土体膨胀率。然后,利用既得的土体膨胀率,通过理论分析和数值模拟方法分析了群桩不同的施工顺序对既有多条盾构隧道的影响,得出了相对较优的群桩施工顺序方案。工程现场实测数据与数值模拟结果的对比分析表明,上述计算结果与实际情况能较好吻合。该研究对类似工程具有理论指导意义和实践参考价值。     

双排抗滑桩上滑坡推力近似解析方法

双排抗滑桩是加固大型滑坡的常用工程措施之一,在实际工程设计计算中的关键环节在于简单且合理地确定作用于前后排桩上的滑坡推力。将抗滑桩受荷段前侧坡体视为水平向的温克勒（Winkler）地基,基于弹性地基梁模型,并充分考虑桩体受荷段与锚固段的变形连续性,通过迭代算法确定出后排抗滑桩受荷段前侧坡体抗力,进而可对排间坡体采用传递系数法计算出前排桩桩后滑坡推力,给出了相关的理论计算公式。通过室内模型试验验证了所提方法的合理性,并针对一大型基覆式滑坡实例,具体计算出了前后排桩上的设计滑坡推力荷载。所提计算方法可为实际工程的简化设计提供参考。     

Effects of scour-hole dimensions and soil stress history on the behavior of laterally loaded piles in soft clay under scour conditions

Bridge pile foundations in the midst of water current are often subjected to scour, which induces the loss of soil support around the piles and thus results in a significant decrease of foundation capacities or even the failure of bridges. In the current practice, when the scour-affected behavior of the pile foundations is analyzed, either the whole scour-hole geometry or the possible changes in the stress history of the remaining soils is often ignored. In reality, however, scouring creates scour holes with certain dimensions around the pile foundations and the remaining soils that are not scoured away undergo an unloading process at the same time, which will increase the over-consolidation ratios of the remaining soils and accordingly changes of their mechanical properties. This paper examines the behavior of laterally loaded piles in soft clay under scour conditions by using the p-y method. The conventional p-y curves have been modified appropriately to reasonably reflect the effects of three-dimensional scour-hole geometry as well as the stress history of the soils, with the aid of integration of Mindlin’s fundamental solutions. A field test is used to serve as a reference case and to investigate the effects of stress history, scour depth, scour width, and scour-hole slope angle on the responses of laterally loaded piles in soft clay. The results indicate that neglecting the stress history effect can be unconservative for scour-affected pile foundations in soft clay, whereas neglect of the scour-hole dimensions and geometry would lead to over-conservative predictions/design of the laterally loaded piles under scour condition.     

内撑式排桩支护结构的设计优化研究

在分析内撑式排桩支护结构受力特性和设计优化空间的基础上,基于满应力设计基本思想,建立了支护桩－内支撑（节点）部位的设计优化数学模型,提出了用于求解该（节点）部位局部优化解的新的目标函数 和相应的设计优化判据,推导并比较了钢筋混凝土内支撑等效轴向抗压容许应力 和支护桩等效抗弯容许应力 的3种取值方法,并以杭州某基坑支护应用为例作了介绍。可供同类基坑支护设计优化时借鉴。