Evolution of an Ancient Large Lake in the Southeast of the Northern Tibetan Plateau

Nam Co is the largest (1920 km2 in area) and highest (4718 m above sea level) lake in Tibet. According to the discovery of lake terraces and highstand lacustrine deposits at several places in Nam Co and its adjacent areas, the authors confirm the existence of an ancient large lake in the southeastern part of the northern Tibetan Plateau. On the basis of the U-series, 14C and ESR dating, coupled with the levelling survey of lake deposits and geomorphology, the evolutionary process of the ancient large lake in the southeastern part of the northern Tibetan Plateau may fall into three stages: (1) the ancient large lake stage at 115-40 ka BP, when the ancient lake level was 140-26 m above the level of present Nam Co; (2) the outflow lake stage at 40-30 ka BP, when the ancient level was 26-19 m above the present lake level; and (3) the Nam Co stage since 30 ka BP, when the ancient lake level was < 19 m above the present lake level. During the ancient large lake stage, a large number of modern large, medium-siz     

Light‐curve inversions with truncated least‐squares principal components: Tests and application to HD 291095 = V1355 Orionis

We present a new inversion code that reconstructs the stellar surface spot configuration from the light curve of a rotating star. Our code employs a method that uses the truncated least‐squares estimation of the inverse problem's objects principal components. We use spot filling factors as the unknown objects. Various test cases that represent a rapidly‐rotating K subgiant are used for the forward problem. Tests are then performed to recover the artificial input map and include data errors and input‐parameter errors. We demonstrate the robustness of the solution to false input parameters like photospheric temperature, spot temperature, gravity, inclination, unspotted brightness and different spot distributions and we also demonstrate the insensitivity of the solution to spot latitude. Tests with spots peppered over the entire stellar surface or with phase gaps do not produce fake active longitudes. The code is then applied to ten years of V and I ‐band light curve data of the spotted sub‐giant HD291095. A total of 22 light curves is presented. We find that for most of the time its spots were grouped around two active longitudes separated on average by 180°. Switches of the dominant active region between these two longitudes likely occurred about every 3.15±0.23 years while the amplitude modulation of the brightness occurred with a possible period of 3.0±0.15 years. For the first time, we found evidence that the times of the activity flips coincide with times of minimum light as well as minimum photometric amplitude, i.e. maximum spottedness. From a comparison with simultaneous Doppler images we conclude that the activity flips likely take place near the rotational pole of the star. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Chronological dating and tectonic implications of late Cenozoic volcanic rocks and lacustrine sequence in Oiyug Basin of southern Tibet

Reconstruction of uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau is crucial for understanding its environmental impacts. The Oiyug Basin in southern Tibet contains multiple periods of sedimentary sequences and volcanic rocks that span much of the Cenozoic and has great potential for further studying this issue. However, these strata were poorly dated. This paper presents a chronological study of the 145 m thick and horizontally-distributed lacustrine sequence using paleomagnetic method as well as a K-Ar dating of the underlying volcanic rocks. Based on these dating results, a chronostratigraphic framework and the basin-developmental history have been established for the past 15 Ma, during which three tectonic stages are identified. The period of 15-8.1 Ma is characterized by intense volcanic activities involving at least three major eruptions. Subsequently, the basin came into a tectonically quiescent period and a lacustrine sedimentary sequence was developed. Around 2.5 Ma, an N-S fault occurred across the southern margin of the basin, leading to the disappearance of the lake environment and the development of the Oiyug River. The Gyirong basin on northern slope of the Himalayas shows a similar basin developmental history and thus there is a good agreement in tectonic activities between the Himalayan and Gangdise orogenic belts. Therefore, the tectonic evolution stages experienced by the Oiyug Basin during the past 15 Ma could have a regional significance for southern Tibet. The chronological data obtained from this study may provide some constraints for further studies with regard to the tectonic processes and environmental changes in southern Tibetan Plateau.     

Geology and petroleum prospects of Upper Triassic sediments, Jordan

Subsurface Upper Triassic sediments of northern Jordan represent part of a regressive evaporitic-clastic succession that marks the shrinkage phase of the Late Triassic basin in the northern parts of the Arabian Plate. Sabkhas developed along the basin margin, whereas, oolitic shoals formed on the deeper parts of the carbonate platform. The basin reached a drewdown stage in the Risha, Palmyra and parts of northern Iraq, where halite was precipitated. Local shales, marls and argillaceous limestones are the major source rocks. The total organic content values of the shales and carbonates range between 0.5–1.9%. The main reservoir rocks are the oolitic limestones with porosities of 8–20% and permeabilities that range between 0.01–80 md. Regional swells and troughs that were cut by normal and strike-slip faulting are the main structural styles in the area. Favourable conditions for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation may be found under the Hauran Basalts in NE Jordan.     

河东煤田晚古生代层序地层的碳氧同位素特征

系统分析了河东煤田上石炭统(C₂)-下二叠统下部(P₁1)45个碳酸盐岩样品的碳氧同位素在层序中的分布特征,探讨了碳氧同位素应用于层序划分及对比、相对海平面变化研究及晚古生代地层沉积相研究的可能性。研究表明,碳氧同位素在C₂及P₁1的三级层序中的分布特征是不相同的,从TST到HST,在C₂的三级层序中,δ13C及δ18O不断变重;在P₁1的三级层序中,δ13C不断变轻,而δ18O不断变重。这种规律在P₁1每个三级层序中均相似,垂向上显示出韵律性。横向上,δ13C及Z值总体具有由北向南升高的趋势。碳氧同位素在层序中的分布是受聚煤作用、陆源物质的注入、古气候、沉积环境及时间等控制的。      

南海北部陆坡近四万年的高分辨率古海洋学记录

南海北部陆坡在东沙群岛东南水深1727m处所采的17940柱状样,提供了迄今所知南海最高沉积速率的次深海沉积,全新统厚达6．5m。全柱13.30m的沉积物记录了近4万年来南海古海洋变迁的历史。通过间距1～2cm的高密度采样进行氧同位素分析及其它分析,结果揭示了全新世夏季风百年等级的变化周期和冰期时千年等级的准周期性气候波动。     

黔西三叠系永宁镇组(Ty)风化残积粘土矿物组成及力学性质

贵州西部三叠系永宁镇组泥质类岩岩石风化粘土,是暖温湿润气候条件下经风化,淋滤作用形成的区域性特殊土。这类土保存了母岩原生层面,层理构造,是区域性建筑材料及工业及民用建筑的地基。本文根据工程实践,采用室内试验,标准贯入试验、Ｘ射线衍射方法分析Ｔｙ粘土的特殊工程性质,如高含水量,高孔隙比,高塑限,低承载力及其化学成分,矿物组成和力学性质之间的关系。为研究区域特殊土和解决工程实践问题提供理论依据。     

中国陆上主要含油气盆地石油地质基本特征

中国大陆是由若干大小不等的克拉通与不同时代的造山带组成的拼合体,在显生宙经历了古生代陆洋分化对立阶段,石炭纪－二叠纪软碰撞转化阶段和中,新生代贫山对峙发展阶段,从而形成了陆上３类叠合型盆地;即克拉通与前陆叠合,断坳叠合及残留与新生盆地的叠合     

西藏及腾冲地区晚新生代火山作用的构造背景

产在潜火山岩中的七宝山金矿是中国与火山隐爆作用有关的比较典型的金矿床。金矿床严格受火山机构控制,中生代的火山喷发作用在七宝山地区形成破火山口,并形成了一组火山岩及潜火山岩。通过对该区火山岩、潜火山岩以及金矿床的研究,证实七宝山地区中生代的火山活动与金矿化密切相关。     

巴颜喀拉三叠纪沉积盆地岩石地球化学特征与物源区构造背景的探讨--以阿坝-若尔盖、小金-马尔康及雅江盆地为例

本文从岩石地球化学特征微观角度,探索巴颜喀拉三叠纪沉积盆地物源区构造背景。据盆地东部阿坝若尔盖、小金马尔康及雅江次级盆地岩屑砂岩宏量、微量、稀土元素地球化学特征,巴颜喀拉三叠纪沉积盆地物源区的大地构造背景在不同时期表现为被动大陆边缘、大陆岛弧、活动大陆边缘和大洋岛弧等。盆地边缘与不同性质的洋壳、陆壳和过渡壳呈不同程度的接触,是造成沉积物多来源、成分复杂的根本原因