贺兰山地区晚三叠世沉积主微量元素物源分析及方法探讨

通过系统总结贺兰山地区晚三叠世的物源研究成果,结合研究区周缘地质概况、上三叠统延长组地层厚度变化和主 微量元素分析,对延长组物源时空演化进行了综合研究,认为贺兰山地区晚三叠世延长组早期（T3y1-T3y2） 物源主要来 自西北部、西部和南部,晚期（T3y3-T3y5） 物源主要来自西北部、西部、南部和东部。在物源综合研究的基础上,对现 今主微量元素常用的物源分析方法做了对比分析,认为主量元素/UCC、碎屑岩主量元素源区岩性函数判别图、微量元素/ UCC,La/Th与Hf判别图、Co/Th与La/Sc判别图、Th/Sc与Zr/Sc判别图以及Th/U与Th判别图在物源分析过程中均有较好效 果,总体判别结果比较接近,但也存在一些差异。岩性判别、CIA指数、Eu异常、Rb/Sr判别分析对反映不同性质母岩有很 好的效果,可以推广并作为判断物源复杂程度的重要参考手段。文章详细阐述了几种物源分析方法的优势与问题,得出了 一些新的认识和见解,对完善物源分析手段提供了一定的参考。     

Late Quaternary Paleoclimatic Change in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, Korea

Paleoclimatic changes in the late Quaternary sediments deposited in the East Sea were analyzed by studying diatoms. A total of 95 species belonging to 47 genera were identified from the Core02GHP-02 of the Ulleung Basin in the East Sea, Korea. In the Core 02GHP-02, U-Oki(169–181 cm; 9.3 ka), AT(464–465.5 cm; 22 ka) and U–Ym(556–559 cm; 33 ka) tephra layers were recognized. The chronological divisions of 02GHP-02 may be correlated with the climatic changes from the glacial interval(730–620 cm; MIS3), to interstadial(620–500 cm; MIS3), to the last glacial maximum(500–390 cm; MIS 2), to the deglaciation(390–290 cm; MIS 2), to the late glacial(290–190 cm; MIS 1), and to the Holocene(190–10 cm; MIS 1). It is speculated that diatoms were rarely found during the glacial interval when the 02GHP-02 core was deposited; during the interstadial(MIS 3) and deglaciation, a mixture of warm-water and cold-water species were found. In particular, Fragilariopsis doliolus seems to have appeared in the East Sea after 8 ka BP. In the lower layers of the Holocene deposits, cold-water species such as Neodenticula seminae were frequently found, while in the upper layers, warm-water species such as Hemidiscus cuneiformis were found in relatively large abundance. Therefore, the findings indicate that the climate became warmer during the transition from the lower layer to the upper layer of the Holocene deposits.     

内蒙古霍林郭勒地区“宝音图群”锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

对内蒙古霍林郭勒地区出露的"宝音图群"砂岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年,样品112个分析点结果显示,具有主要峰值年龄257 Ma、283 Ma、313 Ma和少数老年龄(1 700 Ma),且257 Ma的年龄表明该地层主体的沉积下限的时代为早三叠世,原定为下元古界的"宝音图群"实为早三叠世地层。该地层物源主要来自于大石寨组火山岩、苏尼特左旗—锡林浩特—西乌旗南岩浆弧和相邻地块的变质基底,并有少量华北板块北缘物源混入,说明在早三叠世初华北板块北缘与北侧地块已经开始碰撞。     

四川省西昌盆地上三叠统白果湾组地球化学特征及其意义

对四川省西昌盆地上三叠统白果湾组碎屑岩的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素进行综合研究,得出其主量元素具有富SiO₂、CaO、P₂O₅,贫Al₂O₃、TFe₂O₃、MgO、Na₂O、K₂O的特征; 微量元素具有富Zr、Cs、Th、U等特征; 稀土元素总量相对较高,轻重稀土元素分馏明显,轻稀土较重稀土相对富集,具有中等负铕异常。白果湾组物源区为长英质岩区,属于被动大陆边缘区; 白果湾期的气候经历了湿润→干旱→湿润→干旱的变化过程; 成分成熟度总体偏低,呈现高→低→高→低的变化规律,与CIA变化趋势呈负相关。本次研究为该区晚三叠世环境演化研究提供了基础资料。     

Middle Triassic (Anisian-Ladinian) Tejra red beds and Late Triassic (Carnian) carbonate sedimentary records of southern Tunisia,Saharan Platform: Biostratigraphy,sedimentology and implication on regional stratigraphic correlations

The “red beds” of the Triassic succession outcropping at Tejra-Medenine (southern Tunisia, Saharan Platform) have yielded rich fossil assemblages of both freshwater and brackish-marine invertebrates and vertebrates. The new discovered fauna indicates an Anisian-Lower Ladinian age for the Tejra section. Its lowermost part is considered as equivalent of Ouled Chebbi Formation, while the medium and upper parts are considered as equivalent of the Kirchaou Formation. Both sedimentological characteristics and fossil assemblages indicate the increasing marine influences within the middle part of the section and the migration of brackish and freshwater fauna into the lacustrine/playa environment at the top. The marine fauna-rich interval of the Tejra section correlates well with the well-known Myophoria-rich carbonate stratigraphic marker confirming the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) major transgression well recorded eastward in the Tunisian Jeffara basin and in Libya. The use of this Ladinian stratigraphic event in addition to the Carnian carbonate transgressive events of the Jeffara escarpment outcrops was of great help for regional lithostratigraphic correlations between the Triassic outcropping series and those currently buried in Ghadames and Berkine basins. The age of the sandstones of “Trias Argilo-Gréseux Inférieur” (TAGI) which forms the main oil and gas reservoir in the Saharan domain is attributed to the Anisian-Carnian and considered as coeval of Ouled Chebbi and Kirchaou Formations of the Dahar escarpment. An updated synthetic stratigraphic chart is proposed for the Triassic of Saharan Platform domain on the basis of the compilation of the new obtained results and the subsurface data taken from published literature.     

Palynology and depositional environments of the Middle – Late Triassic (Anisian – Rhaetian) Kobbe,Snadd and Fruholmen formations,southern Barents Sea,Arctic Norway

The Middle to Upper Triassic series in the Norwegian Barents Sea represents an important target for hydrocarbon exploration. However, the dating and correlation of these rocks are problematic due to the scarcity of age-diagnostic macrofossils, lateral facies variation and the overall thickness of the succession. Palynology has proven to be a useful dating tool but further work is necessary to improve the zonal resolution, particularly for the Upper Triassic Series. The current paper presents a detailed palynostratigraphy of the Middle – Upper Triassic succession in four exploration wells (7120/12-2, 7228/2-1s, 7-1a and 9-1s) drilled in the Hammerfest and Nordkapp basins. Eleven informal palynological zones are described from the stratigraphic interval spanning the Kobbe, Snadd and Fruholmen formations, which constitute regionally significant hydrocarbon source and reservoir rock facies. The results of this study contribute to a higher resolution palynostratigraphy for the Middle to Upper Triassic strata of the southern Barents Sea (SBS), and an improved correlation with the stratigraphy of the Svalbard Archipelago. Palynofacies data for the succession, presented here for the first time, indicates depositional environments ranging from fluvio-deltaic to offshore marine.     

A new possible giant hydrocarbon generated formation: The Upper Triassic source rock in Southwestern Junggar Basin,NW China

The Triassic formation is a possible new giant hydrocarbon generated formation in Northwest China and Mid-Asia. Taking the Upper Triassic formation in the Sikeshu Sag in Junggar Basin as an example, based on the comprehensive analysis on the geochemical characteristics of the cores and the dark mudstone of the outcrops and reservoir formation conditions, we have evaluated the Upper Triassic source rocks by comparing with those in the Ulungu Depression, and reached the following findings. Firstly, the Upper Triassic formation is mainly composed of dark mudstone and sandy mudstone deposits, and the hydrocarbon source rock is mainly distributed in the middle and upper parts with a thickness range of 100–150 m and area of 3500 km². Secondly, the source rock, moderate in organic matter abundance (with TOC range of 1%–3%), has the material basis for hydrocarbon generation. Thirdly, the organic matter has high percentage of sapropelinite, and is dominated by type II₂. Fourthly, the degree of the thermal evolution is moderate, and the source rock with R_o higher than 0.7% has a distribution area of about 1800 km², providing the conditions of massive hydrocarbon generation. Fifthly, the source rock has great burial depth and wide distribution; the source rock with a R_o of higher than 0.7% and thickness of more than 100 m has an area of around 1400 km², implying huge resource potential. Sixthly, the next step exploration should focus on highly mature hydrocarbon generation central area in the Upper Triassic - Lower Jurassic in the east of the sag to search for and confirm favorable traps. The research findings have important reference value for promoting the resource status of, deepening the understanding of reservoir formation, and clarifying the exploration direction in the Sikeshu Sag and other periphery Mid-Asia areas.     

桂西南地区三叠系沉积型锰矿床成因研究

桂西南地区锰矿床资源富集并具有较好的找矿前景,然而目前有关该区三叠系主要沉积地层的地层格架划分尚较薄弱且鲜有探讨。利用桂西南地区东平锰矿区四口钻孔的自然伽马测井曲线进行去趋势、高通滤波处理以及累计残差计算等方法,对桂西南地区含锰岩系进行了旋回地层学研究。研究结果表明:含锰岩系下三叠统北泗组共可划分为四个海进-海退旋回层序,碳酸锰矿层发育的旋回层序位置主要出现于各旋回层序内海退沉积序列中,并位于旋回层序内海退-海侵界面附近,锰矿沉积主要发生在相对海平面由缓慢下降至逐渐上升的时期的转换时期。综合研究区锰矿形成的海平面变化、古地理条件、锰质来源、氧化还原条件等特征的基础上,笔者提出了研究区锰矿成因模式,即具有地理隔绝形式的、并由同生断裂控制的"局限海"台盆相碳酸锰矿沉积模式,碳酸锰矿的形成主要经历以下3个阶段:1）海平面下降-氧化锰矿物形成阶段;2）海平面上升-氧化锰矿物转化碳酸锰矿物阶段;3）最高海泛面-少量碳酸锰矿物发育阶段。该研究成果可为桂西南地区今后锰矿勘探工作中的地层分析、建立区域内高频层序单元格架及锰矿成因等研究提供一种新的方法和手段。     

云南中甸格咱地区晚三叠世火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

位于义敦岛弧南端的中甸弧地区在印支期内发育大规模酸性-中酸性岩浆活动。近年来,前人对该地区做了大量的研究,但主要着眼于侵入岩,对火山岩的研究偏少。本文对分布于滇西北中甸格咱地区的中酸性火山岩进行锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学及Hf同位素分析,2件样品的锆石U-Pb年龄变化于214~212Ma,表明其为晚三叠岩浆活动的产物。岩石Si O2含量为53.37%~63.77%,全碱含量达5.19%~7.16%,为高钾钙碱性系列,富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,具有典型岛弧火山岩特征。所测锆石εHf(t)值介于-0.04~3.06之间,大部分为正值,显示出幔源岩浆特征,相对应的锆石Hf同位素二阶模式年龄为1.05~1.25Ga。综合岩石学、地球化学及构造地质特点认为,格咱火山岩形成于印支期甘孜-理塘洋壳西向俯冲构造背景,其源区为俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔,岩浆上升过程经历了壳源沉积物质混染。     

西藏狮泉河地区晚侏罗世中性侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义

侵位于狮泉河结合带南缘和结合带南侧古生代地层的晚白垩世侵入岩中,解体出一套中性侵入岩,呈岩珠、岩枝状产出,主要岩石类型为石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩,其中石英闪长岩和英云闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为157.3±1.5 Ma(MSWD=0.96)和159.3±3.7 Ma(MSWD=2.30),指示岩浆活动时间为晚侏罗世牛津期。该岩体Si O2含量在59.65%~64.57%之间,K2O为1.95%~2.69%之间,Na2O为1.97%~3.42%,K2O/Na2O在0.74~1.29之间,P2O5为0.085%~0.139%之间,Al2O3为13.63%~15.68%之间,A/CNK为0.89~1.07,属于准铝质—弱过铝质花岗岩。岩石稀土元素总量(∑REE)为107.37×10-6~148.33×10-6,LREE/HREE在6.77~9.67之间,轻重稀土分异程度强,δEu为0.63~0.84,铕略具负异常;在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,富Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素(LILE)而亏损Nb、Ta、Ti和P等高场强元素(HFSE),具有岛弧钙碱性岩浆的地球化学性质。从岩石学、岩石地球化学特征研究表明,该时期岩石显示同源岩浆演化的特征,具有典型I型花岗岩特征,形成于板块俯冲下的岛弧环境。表明狮泉河一带在晚侏罗世已经存在俯冲型花岗岩,研究认为该时期岩浆活动很可能是狮泉河洋盆北缘(北亚带)持续扩张时,向南缘(南亚带)及中冈底斯带北缘俯冲的产物。