青海南部蛇绿岩中辉长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征

青海南部蛇绿岩呈构造岩片产于晚三叠世浅变质细碎屑岩中.扎河地区出露的辉长岩为蛇绿岩的组成单元,属低钾拉斑系列,其锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(239.8±3.1)Ma,表明岩石形成于中三叠世早期.地球化学特征上,岩石富MgO、Al2O3,低K2O、TiO2;REE总量低,(La/Yb)N=1.10～4.40,LREE略显富集,δEu=1.50～2.41,具有明显正铕异常;大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr、Th、U)富集、高场强元素(Nb、Zr、Ti)亏损,反映岩浆源区曾遭受到俯冲组分的影响.综合分析认为,扎河辉长岩岩石具有板内和弧岩浆岩的双重属性,其形成环境为弧后盆地,表明中三叠世早期巴颜喀拉盆地发生过一次拉张事件.在区域上,它是甘孜-理塘蛇绿岩的组成部分.     

川东北地区飞仙关组层序—岩相古地理特征和鲕滩预测

以沉积相和界面识别为依据,将川东北地区下三叠统飞仙关组划分为2个三级层序和6个体系域,在此基础上对飞仙关组层序地层学特征进行了分析,编制了各沉积体系域的层序—岩相古地理图和对鲕滩发育规律进行预测。结果表明:SQ1层序发育期,飞仙关组受持续海侵影响,形成以深水台盆为中心的台盆—台地边缘—开阔—局限—蒸发台地的相带展布格局,以海侵体系域的台地边缘和台内鲕滩最为发育,该体系域也是飞仙关组鲕滩相储层最发育的层位;SQ2层序发育期,受海平面大幅度下降和水循环受限及干旱炎热气候影响,区域沉积格局由开阔台地转化为局限台地,鲕滩逐渐消失,最终进入频繁暴露的蒸发台地环境,以沉积膏云岩为主,为飞仙关组天然气藏极其重要的第一套区域性致密盖层发育层位。     

Ecological variations in diatom assemblages in the Paleo-Kathmandu Lake linked with global and Indian monsoon climate changes for the last 600,000 years

Variations in fossil diatom assemblages and their relationship with global and Indian monsoon climate changes for the last 600,000 yr were investigated using a core of ancient lake (Paleo-Kathmandu Lake) sediments drilled at the Kathmandu Basin, Nepal Himalaya. Chronological scales of the core were constructed by tuning pollen wet and dry index records to the SPECMAP δ¹⁸O stack record. Examinations of biogenic silica contents and fossil diatom assemblages revealed that variations in productivity and compositions of diatom assemblages were closely linked with global and Indian monsoon climate changes on glacial and interglacial time scales. When summer monsoonal rainfall increased during interglacials (interstadials), diatom productivity increased because of increased inputs of terrestrial nutrients into the lake. When summer monsoonal rainfall reduced and/or winter monsoonal aridification enhanced during glacials (stadials), productivity of the diatoms decreased and lake-level falling brought about changes in compositions of diatom assemblages. Monospecific assemblages by unique Cyclotella kathmanduensis and Puncticulata versiformis appeared during about 590 to 390 ka. This might be attributed to evolutionary fine-tuning of diatom assemblages to specific lake environmental conditions. Additionally, low-amplitude precessional variations in monsoon climate and less lake-level changes may have also allowed both species to dominate over the long periods.     

Biodiversity and Sequence of the Middle Triassic Panxian Marine Reptile Fauna, Guizhou Province, China

Abstract: The Middle Triassic Panxian fauna is a physical marker and representative record of the rapid recovery of the Triassic marine ecosystem following the Early Triassic stagnant stage after the end-Permian mass extinction. Ten marine reptile taxa have been found from the 1.82–2.10 m-thick fossiliferous level in the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation, which can be subdivided into three marine reptile beds through the analysis on the stratigraphic distributions of fossil reptiles. The Lower Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Placodus inexpectatus Jiang et al., 2008 and Lariosaurus hongguoensis Jiang et al., 2006, the ichthyopterygians Xinminosaurus catactes Jiang et al., 2008 and Phalarodon cf. Phalarodon fraasi Merriam, 1910, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006, representing a stage of predominance of durophagous taxa. In this bed, the large complete skeletons may reach up to 2.3 m in length, and lithofacies and chemostratigraphic analyses indicate a relatively deep carbonate platform with an oxic water environment near the bottom, as well as a rising sea level. The Middle Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygian Nothosaurus yangjuanensis Jiang et al., 2006 and the archosaur Qianosuchus mixtus Li et al., 2006, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. The fossils in this bed are characterized by its pincering dentition and large overall body size, with the largest possibly exceeding 3 m in length. This bed might represent a time of deepest basin with relatively anoxic condition near the bottom. The Upper Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Jiang et al., 2008, Keichousaurus sp., the protorosaur Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, 2003, and the ichthyopterygian Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. In this bed, reptilian taxa characterized by suction feeding appeared, and most are less than 1 m long. This bed corresponds to a period of decreasing water depth.     

山东半岛东北部新发现近EW向活断层

山东半岛东北部地区晚第四纪的构造活动以整体性抬升为主,内部的断裂活动相对较弱,晚更新世以来的断裂活动仅分布在局部地区,新发现的东殿后断裂是其中的1条。断裂总体走向近EW,全长约20km,地貌上表现为由3条河流上游组成的谷地。断裂错断的最新地层的热释光年龄为84～75kaBP,上覆坡积角砾层的热释光年龄为64kaBP,断裂发育的松软断层泥的热释光年龄为82kaBP。断裂的剖面特征和断盖地层的年龄表明,东殿后断裂的最新活动时代是晚更新世早中期,垂直活动速率不<016mm/a,晚更新世晚期以来停止活动;断裂的最大潜在地震为6级     

区分晚第四纪断层作用驱动的和气候引起的流水下切--以桑干河大同盆地河段为例

针对晚第四纪期间 ,华北大同盆地内桑干河河道相继受到玄武岩涌入、沿河谷断层作用和气候波动等外来变量的扰动 ,我们提出一个概念模型以区分断层作用驱动的和气候引起的流水下切。如果由玄武岩阻塞作用所造成的基准面抬升河段有足够的河流功率进行垂直下切 ,并等于基准面抬升量的话 ,那么 ,该河段河床高度减小 ,其比降相对于邻近上游河段会降低。研究区盛行的温湿气候条件有利于长期提供充足水流 ,维持基准面抬升河段的垂直下切。我们利用平衡剖面分析 ,从量值上把沿河谷断层作用驱动的流水下切从气候引起的流水下切中区分出来 ,并通过对河流阶地记录的流水作用历史的复原 ,进一步区分由断层作用驱动的和由气候引起的流水下切事件。同时 ,提出掘蚀作用、磨蚀作用和裂点迁移是熔岩坝河段的主要侵蚀过程     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段沉积岩元素地球化学特征及沉积环境分析

沉积岩的地球化学特征可以反映盆地沉积环境。为了探讨鄂尔多斯盆地延长组沉积时期古气候、氧化还原条件、古盐度等特征,对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部铜川延长组长7段的5个砂岩、8个页岩样品进行主量、微量以及稀土元素地球化学分析。结果显示,长7段细粒沉积物Al₂O₃/SiO₂值与K₂O/Na₂O值指示样品成分成熟度差别不大,黏土矿物含量较高。∑REE平均值为132.65×10^-6,明显低于北美页岩平均稀土元素含量,也低于全球平均大陆上地壳值;LREE分异程度较高,呈微弱的Eu正异常,无Ce异常。“C值”、Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr、Mg/Ca等指标显示延长组沉积期整体处于温暖潮湿的气候区。研究区样品富集微量元素U、Sc、Cs(平均20.11×10^-6、9.66×10^-6、6.08×10^-6),结合V、δU、Th/U、V/Cr、V/Sc、V/(V+Ni)等指标分析,结果指示延长组沉积期以底层水体呈强分层的还原环境为主。Li、Sr、Ni、Sr/Ba、(MgO/Al₂O₃)×100等值显示沉积期水体总体为淡水-微咸水。     

Imaging-Based Characterization of Perthite in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation Tight Sandstone of the Ordos Basin,China

This work investigated the element distribution of perthite from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation tight sandstone in the Ordos Basin of northern China by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS). FE-SEM results indicate significant differences in the morphology of Na-rich feldspar when K-rich feldspar is the main component of the perthite. EDS results show that different types of perthite have clearly defined differences on different element indexes. Additionally, indexes such as average-weight-K(K-rich)/Na(Na-rich), maximumweight-K(Na-rich)/Na(Na-rich) and average-atomic-K(K-rich)/Na(Na-rich) might be the most effective ones to identify perthite types. Perthite is divided into six main types, i.e., perthite with thick parallel stripe distribution, with thin parallel stripe distribution, with lumpy stripe distribution, with dendritic stripe distribution, with encircling stripe distribution, and with mixed stripe distribution.     

南盘江盆地西南缘麻栗坡八布地区碎屑岩时代的厘定及其构造意义

南盘江盆地处于特提斯构造域和滨太平洋构造域的交汇部位。盆地西南缘的麻栗坡八布地区发育一套巨厚碎屑岩,因与八布蛇绿岩直接接触而意义重大,但目前还没有准确的同位素年代学依据,属性还存在争议。本文首次报道了碎屑岩上段中沉凝灰岩夹层的锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb年龄,结果为226±1Ma (n=17,MSWD=1.1)。结合古生物和接触关系,证实这套碎屑岩是中—上三叠统安尼阶到卡尼阶的板纳组—兰木组—平寨组。首次从上部层位厘定出一套滨岸- 潮坪相石英质细砾岩、石英砂岩、细砂岩沉积,发育平行层理、浪成交错层理、透镜状层理、干涉波痕等。从中三叠世的巨厚海相陆源碎屑浊流沉积到晚三叠世卡尼末期滨岸- 潮坪相沉积的演化,代表了南盘江前陆盆地中—晚三叠世的充填序列,卡尼阶平寨组与拉丁阶个旧组的平行不整合代表了印支运动第II幕。