鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区上三叠统延长组长6油层组沉积环境: 来自地球化学的证据

姬塬地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地中西部,主要含油层位为上三叠统延长组。延长组长6油层组是重要的含油层系,其沉积期跨越2个三级层序,从底至顶又再分为长6₃、长6₂、长6₁共3个小层。依据元素地球化学资料,对姬塬地区长6油层组氧化还原环境、古盐度、古水深、古气候进行研究。结果表明,姬塬地区长6油层组沉积时期处于温暖湿润的气候条件下,整体为低盐度的淡水湖泊沉积;氧化和还原环境共存,还原环境范围逐步减小并有所迁移;湖盆有逐渐缩小和变浅的趋势,后期趋于稳定。长6₃沉积时期,湖泊范围较大,砂体主要为河口坝和远砂坝沉积,半深湖发育浊积砂体。随着湖平面的下降,长6₂沉积时期湖盆范围明显缩小,半深湖砂体基本不发育,以河口坝砂体为主。长6₁沉积时期,湖盆范围相比长6₂略有缩小,砂体厚度明显增大,在湖盆范围内发育多期河道叠加及河道—河口坝叠加成因的砂体。该研究成果有助于明确该地区的沉积演化规律,对进一步勘探开发提供参考。     

山西青尖坡石英二长岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

通过对华北克拉通北缘青尖坡石英二长岩锆石U-Pb同位素年龄分析,并结合相关主量和稀土元素数据探讨其地质意义。研究表明,石英二长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为241.1±1.7Ma,为早中三叠世岩浆活动的产物。岩石具有富K、Na、Si、Al,贫Mg、Ca、Ti等特征,为高钾碱性钾玄岩系列,属于过铝质花岗岩类;轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,具有稳定的弱负Eu异常。总体为I型花岗岩成因,但兼具S型花岗岩的特征。青尖坡石英二长岩为中下地壳部分熔融成因,有地幔物质参与,为华北克拉通北缘三叠纪碱性岩带的组成部分,形成于晚造山-造山后的伸展构造环境。     

The northern Qiangtang Block rapid drift during the Triassic Period: Paleomagnetic evidence

As one of the pivotal Gondwana–derived blocks, the kinematic history of the northern Qiangtang Block (in the Tibetan Plateau) remains unclear, mainly because quantitative paleomagnetic data to determine the paleoposition are sparse. Thus, for this study, we collected 226 samples (17 sites) from Triassic sedimentary rocks in the Raggyorcaka and Tuotuohe areas of the northern Qiangtang Block (NQB). Stepwise demagnetization isolated high temperature/field components from the samples. Both Early and Late Triassic datasets passed field tests at a 99% confidence level and were proved to be primary origins. Paleopoles were calculated to be at 24.9°N and 216.5°E with A₉₅ = 8.2°(N = 8) for the Early Triassic dataset, and at 68.1°N, 179.9°E with A₉₅ = 5.6° (N = 37) for the Late Triassic, the latter being combined with a coeval volcanic dataset published previously. These paleopoles correspond to paleolatitudes of 14.3°S±8.2° and 29.9°N±5.6°, respectively. Combining previously published results, we reconstructed a three-stage northward drift process for the NQB. (1) The northern Qiangtang Block was located in the subtropical part of the southern hemisphere until the Early Triassic; (2) thereafter, the block rapidly drifted northward from southern to northern hemispheres during the Triassic; and (3) the block converged with the Eurasian continent in the Late Triassic. The ∼4800 km northward movement from the Early to Late Triassic corresponded to an average motion rate of ∼11.85 cm/yr. The rapid drift of the NQB after the Early Triassic led to a rapid transformation of the Tethys Ocean.     

Uranium Series Chronology of the Late Pleistocene Basalt from the Longgang Volcanoes, Jilin Province

1 IntroductionThe Longgang volcanic cluster located in the middle partof Longgang Mountain is one of the active volcanoes innortheast China, potentially hazardous of explosion in thefuture (Fan et al., 2002). Within an area of 1700 km2, thereare about 160 volcanic cones, craters and maars (Ou, 1984).Among these volcanoes, the Jinlongdingzi and Dayizishanvolcanoes which are well studied have experiencedrepetitious eruptions (Wang and Jin, 1999). Detailedresearch on their eruption cycles is …     

鄂尔多斯盆地盐池-姬源地区三叠系长4+5砂岩成岩演化特征与优质储层分布

盐池-姬塬地区延长组长4+5砂岩由台型和坡型三角洲前缘砂体组成,以岩屑长石砂岩和长石砂岩为主,其中石英、长石和岩屑平均含量分别为24.7%、43.2%和10.0%,岩屑也以变质岩屑和火成岩屑为主,占岩屑总量的88.0%。砂岩目前处于早成岩阶段B期的晚期,Ro为0.8%,温度在70～90℃,主要受酸性成岩环境控制,因此次生溶孔发育。在对砂岩各种组分含量统计的基础上,定量计算表明机械压实作用是造成研究区原生孔隙消亡的最主要原因,其次为胶结作用,而由溶蚀作用增加的孔隙占初始孔隙度比例较小(﹤10%)。结合沉积相分析成果,在研究区可划分出3种沉积-成岩相带,即坡型三角洲前缘-绿泥石粘土膜胶结原生孔相、坡型三角洲前缘-晚期铁方解石胶结次生溶孔相和台型三角洲前缘-晚期铁方解石胶结相,其中有利的高孔高渗储层区主要分布在前两种有利沉积-成岩相带结合部位。     

青海南部蛇绿岩中辉长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征

青海南部蛇绿岩呈构造岩片产于晚三叠世浅变质细碎屑岩中.扎河地区出露的辉长岩为蛇绿岩的组成单元,属低钾拉斑系列,其锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为(239.8±3.1)Ma,表明岩石形成于中三叠世早期.地球化学特征上,岩石富MgO、Al2O3,低K2O、TiO2;REE总量低,(La/Yb)N=1.10～4.40,LREE略显富集,δEu=1.50～2.41,具有明显正铕异常;大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr、Th、U)富集、高场强元素(Nb、Zr、Ti)亏损,反映岩浆源区曾遭受到俯冲组分的影响.综合分析认为,扎河辉长岩岩石具有板内和弧岩浆岩的双重属性,其形成环境为弧后盆地,表明中三叠世早期巴颜喀拉盆地发生过一次拉张事件.在区域上,它是甘孜-理塘蛇绿岩的组成部分.     

川东北地区飞仙关组层序—岩相古地理特征和鲕滩预测

以沉积相和界面识别为依据,将川东北地区下三叠统飞仙关组划分为2个三级层序和6个体系域,在此基础上对飞仙关组层序地层学特征进行了分析,编制了各沉积体系域的层序—岩相古地理图和对鲕滩发育规律进行预测。结果表明:SQ1层序发育期,飞仙关组受持续海侵影响,形成以深水台盆为中心的台盆—台地边缘—开阔—局限—蒸发台地的相带展布格局,以海侵体系域的台地边缘和台内鲕滩最为发育,该体系域也是飞仙关组鲕滩相储层最发育的层位;SQ2层序发育期,受海平面大幅度下降和水循环受限及干旱炎热气候影响,区域沉积格局由开阔台地转化为局限台地,鲕滩逐渐消失,最终进入频繁暴露的蒸发台地环境,以沉积膏云岩为主,为飞仙关组天然气藏极其重要的第一套区域性致密盖层发育层位。     

Ecological variations in diatom assemblages in the Paleo-Kathmandu Lake linked with global and Indian monsoon climate changes for the last 600,000 years

Variations in fossil diatom assemblages and their relationship with global and Indian monsoon climate changes for the last 600,000 yr were investigated using a core of ancient lake (Paleo-Kathmandu Lake) sediments drilled at the Kathmandu Basin, Nepal Himalaya. Chronological scales of the core were constructed by tuning pollen wet and dry index records to the SPECMAP δ¹⁸O stack record. Examinations of biogenic silica contents and fossil diatom assemblages revealed that variations in productivity and compositions of diatom assemblages were closely linked with global and Indian monsoon climate changes on glacial and interglacial time scales. When summer monsoonal rainfall increased during interglacials (interstadials), diatom productivity increased because of increased inputs of terrestrial nutrients into the lake. When summer monsoonal rainfall reduced and/or winter monsoonal aridification enhanced during glacials (stadials), productivity of the diatoms decreased and lake-level falling brought about changes in compositions of diatom assemblages. Monospecific assemblages by unique Cyclotella kathmanduensis and Puncticulata versiformis appeared during about 590 to 390 ka. This might be attributed to evolutionary fine-tuning of diatom assemblages to specific lake environmental conditions. Additionally, low-amplitude precessional variations in monsoon climate and less lake-level changes may have also allowed both species to dominate over the long periods.     

Biodiversity and Sequence of the Middle Triassic Panxian Marine Reptile Fauna, Guizhou Province, China

Abstract: The Middle Triassic Panxian fauna is a physical marker and representative record of the rapid recovery of the Triassic marine ecosystem following the Early Triassic stagnant stage after the end-Permian mass extinction. Ten marine reptile taxa have been found from the 1.82–2.10 m-thick fossiliferous level in the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation, which can be subdivided into three marine reptile beds through the analysis on the stratigraphic distributions of fossil reptiles. The Lower Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Placodus inexpectatus Jiang et al., 2008 and Lariosaurus hongguoensis Jiang et al., 2006, the ichthyopterygians Xinminosaurus catactes Jiang et al., 2008 and Phalarodon cf. Phalarodon fraasi Merriam, 1910, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006, representing a stage of predominance of durophagous taxa. In this bed, the large complete skeletons may reach up to 2.3 m in length, and lithofacies and chemostratigraphic analyses indicate a relatively deep carbonate platform with an oxic water environment near the bottom, as well as a rising sea level. The Middle Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygian Nothosaurus yangjuanensis Jiang et al., 2006 and the archosaur Qianosuchus mixtus Li et al., 2006, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. The fossils in this bed are characterized by its pincering dentition and large overall body size, with the largest possibly exceeding 3 m in length. This bed might represent a time of deepest basin with relatively anoxic condition near the bottom. The Upper Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Jiang et al., 2008, Keichousaurus sp., the protorosaur Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, 2003, and the ichthyopterygian Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. In this bed, reptilian taxa characterized by suction feeding appeared, and most are less than 1 m long. This bed corresponds to a period of decreasing water depth.