冰川发育对赤道地区碳酸盐沉积环境和沉积作用的影响

冰期中的全球性冰川事件不仅对全球性海平面变化，而且对低纬陆棚碳酸盐环境的沉积作用也有重要影响。与温暖时期相比，位于低纬度的华南地区在晚霞旦世冰期，晚奥陶－早志留世冰期，石炭－二叠纪冰期中记录了相对低的沉积速度和低的环境分异（反映在相的侧向变化很小）。敏一段冰期深山可以补与最大冰进所对应的海退面分为两部分。早期的沉积环境以弱咸化和富氧为特征。该环境形成浅色，相对富颗粒的灰岩沉积。随着塞冷气候的侵入，     

New production and mixed-layer physics

We treat the ocean carbon cycle as a coupled physical-biogeochemical process. The interactions between mixed-layer dynamics and growth of phytoplankton in the layer are discussed, and the formal relationship between phytoplankton accumulation and new production is examined. A coupled biological-physical model is presented for studying the classical spring bloom in the N. Atlantic, and possible differences in the mechanisms that drive the seasonal phytoplankton blooms in the N. Atlantic and the Arabian Sea are discussed. Finally, recommendations are made for observational programs to improve our understanding of the biologically-mediated carbon cycle in the Arabian Sea.     

天津市北部尔王庄地区末次盛冰期下切河谷特征

渤海湾西岸尔王庄地区钻孔岩芯、微体古生物、孢粉及¹⁴C测年等资料及联合地质剖面研究结果表明，末次盛冰期全球海平面下降使该地区形成下切河谷，冰后期海平面迅速上升引发的海侵造成古河谷的充填，依次形成河床相、河漫滩―河口湾相和三角洲相，与相邻的滦河扇三角洲下切河谷有差异，该下切河谷受海河水系控制，流向大致与古潮白河一致。其演化过程受海平面变化、构造运动和古气候等因素影响，经历了末次盛冰期深切、15~7 ka BP海侵期间河床相及河漫滩―河口湾相的充填和之后海退形成的三角洲相埋藏等三个阶段。     

Antarctica, Scott Base and its environs

Abstract: The landscape in the vicinity of Scott Base is one of the most singular of landscapes in the already unique environment of the Ross Sea Region of Antarctica. A rich history of human endeavour together with a broad range of physical features such as volcanoes, various glacial landforms, polar beaches and the Dry Valleys with their own glaciers, sand dunes and patterned ground must make it one of the most fascinating areas on earth. This paper highlights some of the more notable of these landscape features.     

Electron microprobe dating of monazite substantiates ages of major geological events in the southern Brazilian shield

To obtain the chemical Th^*–Pb isochron ages and surface maps of monazite crystals in igneous and metamorphic rocks from the southern Brazilian Shield, we employ Th–U-total Pb dating by an electron probe microanalyzer. The ages of two Trans-Amazonian metamorphic events are given by a felsic, garnet-bearing granulite from the Santa Maria Chico granulitic complex. The age of the first event, at approximately 2.35 Ga, was obtained by surface mapping in a grain included in garnet. The dating of the second event, 1899±43 Ma, is in agreement with previous data obtained in zircon crystals with sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe. Other determinations belong to the Brasiliano cycle. In the São Gabriel block, an age of 643±129 Ma was obtained on monazite from a staurolite-garnet schist of the Cambaizinho Formation, whereas a staurolite-bearing schist from the Passo Feio complex yielded a 510±68 Ma age. Several units in the Dom Feliciano belt were dated, including the biotite-sillimanite gneisses of the Várzea do Capivarita complex (552±90 Ma), the sillimanite-garnet gneisses of Camboriú complex (565±77 Ma), the Três Figueiras granite (558±57 Ma), and the Plaza Itapema granite (545±55 Ma). The ages presented in this study, obtained through monazite chemical dating, are confirmed through comparison with previous data regarding zircon crystals from the same geological units.     

Morphometric Analysis on the Size, Shape and Areal Distribution of Glacial Cirques in the Maritime Alps (Western French-Italian Alps)

The morphometry of 432 glacial cirques in the Maritime Alps (Western French‐Italian Alps), studied over several years of fieldwork, was analysed with the use of a geographical information system. Some of the parameters automatically evaluated from digital elevation models required an objective and relatively new definition. In particular, cirque length was measured along a line that, from the threshold midpoint, splits the cirque into two equivalent surfaces; cirque width was automatically drawn as the longest line inscribed in the cirque and perpendicular to the length line. Significant correlations were found among the different factors and parameters analysed. In particular, cirque shape analysis showed that cirques develop allometrically in the three dimensions, i.e. more in length and width than in altitudinal range. Nevertheless cirques of the Maritime Alps have a regular, almost circular shape (mean L/W value = 1.07). The correlations among length, width and area are all very high (r²= 0.8–0.9). In terms of size, cirques show a wide range in area from 0.06 to 5.2 km² with a mean value of 0.4 km². The largest cirques are found on SSW‐facing slopes and at high elevations. Small cirques can be found at all altitudes but all those at high elevation are part of compound cirques at the main head valleys. Most cirques (37%) are characterized by a northern aspect; NE and SW are also frequent directions.     

开合构造概述

随着板块构造学说的盛行，原生洋观点成为当时的主流。但根据中国的地质实际发现，中国古生代及其以来代表洋壳的蛇绿岩似乎都是元古宙陆壳裂开的产物，随之提出表明再生洋观点的手风琴式运动及岩石圈开合的理念，并逐步发展成为开合构造。本文简述了开合构造的由来和发展、研究的主要内容和现状，读者从中可了解开合构造的概貌。     

塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地的开合旋回

塔里木、柴达木显生宙盆地演化经历了3个开合旋回，即震旦纪-中泥盆世(Z-D)开合旋回、晚泥盆世-三叠纪(D3-T)开合旋回和侏罗纪-第四纪(J-Q)构造旋回，可能与古亚洲洋和特提斯洋在不同阶段伸展张裂、俯冲消减和闭合作用有关。塔里木、柴达木显生宙盆地演化可进一步划分为6个演化阶段：震旦纪-早奥陶世为克拉通内裂陷盆地阶段，中奥陶世-中泥盆世为克拉通内挤压盆地阶段，晚泥盆世-早二叠世为弧后裂陷盆地阶段，晚二叠世-三叠纪为弧后前陆盆地阶段，侏罗纪-古近纪为前陆盆地阶段，新近纪-第四纪在塔里木前陆盆地性质明显，而在柴达木则表现为强烈挤压坳陷。     

Cycladophora davisiana (Radiolarian) in the Bering Sea during the late Quaternary: A stratigraphic tool and proxy of the glacial Subarctic Pacific Intermediate Water

The Bering Sea, located in the Subarctic Northern Pacific Ocean, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and modern and past global climatic sys-tems, which originates from a very effective biological pump, indicating much higher biogenic opal produc-tion than calcium carbonate[1]. Measured biological particular fluxes show that the flux in the Bering Sea is twice over that in the open ocean. Thereby, the Ber-ing sea is thought as a CO2 sink[2]. At the same time, the Bering Sea…     

Mid-latitude Southern Indian Ocean response to Northern Hemisphere Heinrich events

The lack of temporal resolution and accurate chronology of Southern Ocean marine cores has hampered comparison of glacial millennial-scale oscillations between the Southern Ocean, Antarctic ice and other records from both hemispheres. In this study, glacial climate variability is investigated over the last 50 ka using a multi-proxy approach. A precise chrono-stratigraphy was developed on the high-sedimentation rate core MD94-103 (Indian Southern Ocean, 45°35′S 86°31′E, 3560 m water depth) by geomagnetic synchronization between the later core and NAPIS75, and ¹⁴C dates. High-resolution time-series of δ¹⁸O in planktonic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) estimated from the alkenone U^K′₃₇ index and foraminifera assemblages have been generated. Temporal evolution of the two temperature proxy records is notably different during the last glacial period. While foraminifera data indicate a consistent cooling towards the last glacial maximum, anomalous warm glacial alkenone temperatures suggest a strong advection of warm “detrital” alkenones by surface waters of the Agulhas current. Superimposed to this general trend, during Heinrich events, foraminiferal SSTs point to warmer surface waters, while concurrent alkenone SSTs exhibit apparent coolings probably caused by enhanced local alkenone production. By analogy to modern observations, possible influence of ENSO-like conditions on the subantarctic Southern Ocean SSTs is discussed.