安全壳鼓包测量系统的设计及实现

在核电工业中,安全壳内观检查能够直观地反映出安全壳性能,是非常重要的一项工作。现阶段,内观检查中的安全壳内衬鼓包测量主要采取人工测量的方式进行,针对传统方法效率低等问题,本文研制出一套新型的鼓包测量系统。该系统基于树莓派平台,采用激光位移传感器和超声波测距传感器,实现了安全壳鼓包的自动测量及自动识别功能,提高了工作效率,降低了工作成本。此外,设计试验对本系统进行精度分析,实例表明本系统测量精度优于内观检查精度要求,具有实用性和可行性。     

地基微波辐射计探测大气边界层高度方法

采用2013年中国科学院大气物理研究所香河大气综合观测试验站的地基微波辐射计和激光雷达观测数据,以激光雷达探测的大气边界层高度为参考,分别利用非线性神经网络和多元线性回归方法建立微波亮温直接反演大气边界层高度的算法,并对比两种方法的反演能力, 同时分析非线性神经网络算法在不同时段及不同天气状况下反演结果的差异。结果表明:非线性神经网络算法的反演能力优于多元线性回归算法,其反演结果与激光雷达探测的大气边界层高度有较好一致性,冬、春季的相关系数达到0.83,反演精度比线性回归算法约高26%;对于不同时段和不同天气条件,春季的反演结果最好,晴空的反演结果好于云天; 四季和不同天气状况的划分也有利于提高反演精度。     

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Correlation and characterisation of individual glass shards from tephra deposits using trace element laser ablation ICP‐MS analyses: current status and future potential

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) is a high spatial resolution analytical method which has been applied to the analysis of silicic tephras. With current instrumentation, around 30 trace elements can be determined from single glass shards as small as ～ 40 µm, separated from tephra deposits. As a result of element fractionation during the ablation process using a 266 nm laser, a relatively complex calibration strategy is required. Nonetheless, such a strategy gives analyses which are accurate (typically within ±5%) and have an analytical precision which varies from ～ ±2% at 100 ppm, to ～ ±15% at 1 ppm. Detection limits for elements used in correlation and discrimination studies are well below 1 ppm. Examples of the application of trace element analysis by LA‐ICP‐MS in tephra studies are presented from the USA, New Zealand and the Mediterranean. Improvements in instrumental sensitivity in recent years have the potential to lower detection limits and improve analytical precision, thus allowing the analysis of smaller glass shards from more distal tephras. Laser systems operating at shorter wavelengths (e.g. 193 nm) are now more widely available, and produce a much more controllable ablation in glasses than 266 nm lasers. Crater sizes of <10 µm are easily achieved, and at 193 nm many of the elemental fractionation issues which mar longer wavelengths are overcome. By coupling a short wavelength laser to a modern ICP‐MS it should be possible to determine the trace element composition of glass shards as small as 20 µm and, providing sample preparation issues can be overcome, the determination of the more abundant trace elements in glass shards as small as 10 µm is within instrumental capabilities. This will make it possible to chemically fingerprint tephra deposits which are far from their sources, and will greatly extend the range over which geochemical correlation of tephras can be undertaken. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国月球激光测距研究与进展

月球激光测距是国内外所瞩目的宏伟目标,代表着单光子探测技术的高峰。文中概述了全球月球激光测距的现状以及21世纪初月球激光测距的发展趋势;分析了我国开展月球激光测距的意义。最后介绍了云南天文台1.2m望远镜进行月球激光测距的发展战略和科学目标。     

用中国卫星激光测距资料解算地球定向参数

利用我国SLR网卫星Lageosl的激光测距资料独立测定地球定向参数EOP的可能性和可达到的精度,选取了2001年4月19日—5月30日,2001年9月1日—10月30日这两时段国内SLR网对Lageosl卫星激光测距资料,用SHORDE软件估算地球定向参数,并在同样的时间段内用全球的Lageosl卫星的激光测距资料也测定地球定向参数,分别将两序列的地球定向参数与IERS的EOPc04序列进行比较,其外符精度分别为：X_p、Y_p4—5mas、D_r-0．32ms(用目内资料解算的),X_p、Y_p1—0．35mas、D_(r1)-0．03ms(用全球的激光资料解算的)．     

云南天文台人造卫星观测与相关应用研究

回顾了过去２０年，特别是近１０年来云南天文台人造卫星的观测与应用情况。介绍在观测仪器的研制、改进和观测方法研究以及有关激光测月资料的归算与应用方面所作过的工作。根据既有的条件，就今后若干年内可能进行的几项工作提出了粗浅的看法。     

长期连续工作的光抽运铯束频标激光系统

长期连续工作的轻便激光系统是实现实用的光抽运铯束频标的关键。本文作者研制的半导体激光系统采用了单片机数字辅助锁定和计算机控制技术成功地实现了激光频率的自动锁定和长期连续工作。两套激光系统分别工作在抽运跃迁频率和检测跃迁频率上,与小型密封铯束管及频标电路共同组装成一台光抽运铯束频标。这台频标已经正常连续工作了两年多。技术指标达到原HP5061小铯钟的水平。据知,这是我国第一台能够长期连续工作的光抽运小铯钟,也是世界上第一台连续工作两年多的光抽运小铯钟。