垦西特稠油化学降粘机理的研究

详细研究了胜利油田垦西特稠油中的胶质、沥青质用降粘剂处理前后的红外特征吸收峰和透射电镜照片的变化。由红外光谱数据和透射电镜分析可知,降粘剂分子借助强的形成氢键的能力和渗透、分散作用进入胶质和沥青质片状分子之间,破坏了胶质、沥青质分子平面重叠的聚集体,使聚集结构变得疏松,表明聚集有序性降低是稠油降粘的主要机理。     

1.2m激光测距系统及其噪声抑制技术

介绍了激光测距技术的过去和现状及其科学意义,系统地讨论了激光测距系统的构成及各组成部分的发展,分析了测距过程中各方面的误差来源及其相应的消除或减小误差的方法。对于目前正在调试的云南天文台１２ｍ激光测距系统作了详细的介绍,对该系统的噪声抑制技术也作了具体的讨论。     

三维地震模型实验系统的研究

三维地震模型实验系统主要包括三维坐标自动控制、高速数据采集、超声脉冲或可变频正弦信号发射等装置。着重研究了三维坐标自动控制和高速数据采集。使用变频与等效采样技术,解决了坐标系统的运行精度及超高速数据采集的问题,其中等效采样技术也适合于雷达、声纳信号的采集。     

The effect of weathering on pore geometry and compressive strength of selected rock types from Turkey

Weathering processes cause important changes in rock porosity. Besides porosity, distribution of pore sizes is significant for the identification of changes due to rock weathering and its effects on fabric. The formation of secondary porosity in different types of rock taken from different parts of Turkey was examined and the results are presented in this paper. The aim of this study was to observe changes in porosity due to weathering. Effective porosity, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the changes in pore geometry of the rocks. Additionally, the dry density, water absorption and uniaxial compressive strength of the rocks at different weathering stages were determined. Analysis of experimental data showed that microstructure of the rocks in relation to weathering is the main feature, which controls their physical and mechanical properties. The study revealed that fabric characteristics, particularly the pore and fracture geometry are very important characteristics for assessment of the behaviour of weathered rock.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Portable Utopia: Glasgow and the United States 1820–1920. Bernard Aspinwall. Studies in Russian Historical Geography. James H. Bater and R. A. French, eds. Water and Sanitation: Economic and Sociological Perspectives. Peter G. Bourne, ed. Green Politics. Fritjof Capra and Charlene Spretnak. The Southern Cone: Realities of the Authoritarian State. César N. Caviedes. Women in Third World Development. Sue Ellen Charlton. Land Management: New Directions. David Chiddick and Alan Millington, eds. Geography and Ethnic Pluralism. Colin Clarke, David Ley, Ceri Peach, eds. Geomorphological Hazards in Los Angeles. R. U. Cooke. Regional Impacts of United States-Mexico Economic Relations. Alfonso Corona and Lay James Gibson. eds. Patterns of Jobs and Geographic Mobility. Torvald Gerger. Cities and Sickness: Health Care in Urban America. Ann Lennarson Greer and Scott Greer, eds. Neighborhoods: Their Place in Urban Life. Howard W. Hallman. Development and the Rural-Urban Divide. John Harriss and Mick Moore, eds. Patterns of Undocumented Migration: Mexico and the United States. Richard C. Jones, ed. Central Place Theory. Leslie J. King. The Geography of Western Europe: A Socio-economic Survey. Paul L. Knox. Regions and Resources: Strategies for Development. David T. Krisge, Daniel A. Seiver, Oliver S. Goldsmith and Michael J. Scott. Geography of Crowding and Human Response. A Study of Ahmedabad City. K. M. Kulkarni. Haciendo Pueblo. The Development of a Guadalajaran Suburb. Kathleen Logan. The Imperial Lion: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management in Central Africa. Stewart A. Marks. Water in the Hispanic Southwest: A Social and Legal History, 1550–1850. Michael C. Meyer. Imlil: A Moroccan Mountain Community in Change. James A. Miller. Tourism in Canada: Selected Issues and Options. Peter E. Murphy, ed. David Harvey's Geography. John L. Paterson. Raster Scanning, Processing and Plotting of Cartographic Documents. Donna J. Peuquet and A. Raymond Boyle. The USSR and the Muslim World: Issues in Domestic and Foreign Policy. Yaacov Ro'i, ed. Environmental Perception and Behavior: An Inventory and Prospect. Thomas F. Saarinen, David Seamon, and James L. Sell. Incised channels, Morphology, Dynamics, and Control. Stanley A. Schumm, Michael D. Harvey, and Chester C. Watson. The Gap Between Rich and Poor: Contending Perspectives on the Political Economy of Development. Mitchell A. Seligson, ed. Twentieth-Century Richmond. Planning, Politics and Race. Christopher Silver. Land Conservation and Development: Examples of Land-Use Planning Projects and Programs. F. R. Steiner and H. N. van Lier, eds. Biogeography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. J. A. Taylor, ed. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky, eds.     

中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)肝胰腺上皮细胞质中杆状病毒增殖的电镜观察

对中国对虾肝胰腺上皮细胞进行透射电镜观察。指出：对虾杆状病毒可在肝胰腺上皮细胞的胞质内增殖，与以细胞核内形成包涵体为特征的增殖方式明显不同。溶酶体在增殖过程中内吞濒临解体的线粒体和病原体，利用线粒体内嵴提供的能量，有规律地组装成杆状病毒的包涵体。这一结果为探讨对虾暴发大面积死亡的病因分析提供了新的途径。     

莫桑比克非鲫卵壳膜形成的电镜观察

于1986年9－12月对取自湖北省水产研究所实验鱼网箱中的莫桑比克非鲫，运用透射电镜观察卵子发生中印壳膜的形成过程。结果表明，随着卵母细胞的生长，在卵母细胞和颗粒细胞之间先后出现3层结构，即Z1，Z2和Z3；初步确定：Z1可能由颗粒细胞分泌形成，z2和z3由印母细胞分泌形成，最终z1，z2和Z3融为一体成为卵壳膜。对印亮膜的结构特征及其与特殊的生殖习性——衔卵孵化的关系的分析认为，衔卵孵化导致卵壳膜的厚度降低。     

寿南小沙丁鱼鳞片表面结构及轮纹特征的扫描电镜观察

运用扫描电镜技术对寿南小沙丁鱼鳞片形态结构及轮纹特征进行了观察。研究结果表明：寿南小沙丁鱼鳞片属圆鳞，与鲱形鳞相似。鳞片上有多少不一呈断裂状的辐射沟，环片呈山嵴状，与辐射沟基本平行，环片脊顶上有许多大小不同的卤状粒突。鳞片侧区的年轮和副轮清晰，在与年轮相交处，环片明显呈下凹弯曲，少数发生断裂。     

水下激光线扫描探测系统的设计及试验

针对水下目标图像探测一直是困扰海洋界的1个难题，进行了水下探测的线扫描系统的设计和相关试验。从实验结果来看，线扫描系统可以很好地描述水下物体的三维外形细节，对于水下目标探测、识别十分有效。     

A Robust Surface Matching Technique for Integrated Monitoring of Coastal Geohazards

At the dynamic coastal fringe, numerous processes interact with local morphology. In soft-cliff environments, this can often lead to the occurrence of coastal geohazards. These can pose a major threat to property and cultural heritage, and an effective monitoring strategy is therefore essential. While contemporary monitoring techniques have been applied, these are often unsuitable in isolation. This paper presents an integrated approach, with the development of weighted surface matching software enabling reliable dataset fusion and multi-temporal change detection, even where significant surface differences exist. Evaluation of this approach is presented and discussed.