深部地震资料的处理和解释方法

深部地震资料的处理类似于油气地震资料,但也有其自身的一些特点。在水平叠加处理前后,分别使用强有力的去噪和归位处理技术是获取高质量深部地震剖面的保证。在深地震时间剖面上,强能量条带的分布是大地构造格架的反映。综合测区重磁电等物化探资料进行解释,有利于提高解释精度和进一步探讨造山带的构造演化     

北京地区重磁数据计算机图像处理及地质效果

介绍了对北京地区重力和磁力数据进行计算机图像处理的技术及流程,解译了重磁数据图像处理结果,分析了重磁数据计算机图像处理的地质效果,得到了一些对北京地区成矿预测有益的新认识     

APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES WITH NWP PRODUCTS FOR OBJECTIVE FORECASTING OF TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION

Statistical study is first performed of the efficiency of the technique of statistical interpretation using the products of NWP. The result shows that the application of the technique has improved the predictabilily of predictors in objective forecasting of tropical cyclone motion, increased the forecasting skill of models and extended the valid period of forecast. Then a discussion is made of some technical problems in the application in the motion forecasting, suggesting: a large sample of data and perfect forecast method be employed in constructing objective forecast models for tropical cyclone motion, predictors be included that are so finely built that they reflect all synoptic features and physical quantity fields and NWP products be used and corrected that are available at multiple times. It is one of the effective ways to improve the skill and stability of the forecast by composite use of outcomes from various forecasting models.     

Basement structural architecture and hydrocarbon conduit potential of polygonal faults in the Cooper‐Eromanga Basin,Australia

A thorough and complete understanding of the structural geology and evolution of the Cooper‐Eromanga Basin has been hampered by low‐resolution seismic data that becomes particularly difficult to interpret below the thick Permian coal measures. As a result, researchers are tentative to interpret the basement fault architecture within the basin, which is largely undefined. To provide a better understanding of the basement fault geometry, all available two‐dimensional seismic lines together with 12 three‐dimensional seismic surveys were structurally interpreted with assistance from seismic attribute analysis. The Upper Cretaceous Cadna‐owie Formation and top Permian reflectors were analysed using a common seismic attribute technique (incoherency) that was used to infer the presence of faults that may have otherwise been overlooked. Detailed basement fault maps for each seismic survey were constructed and used in conjunction with two‐dimensional seismic data interpretation to produce a regional basement fault map. Large north‐northeast–south‐southwest‐striking sinistral strike–slip faults were identified within the Patchawarra Trough appearing to splay from the main northeast–southwest‐striking ridge. These sinistral north‐northeast–south‐southwest‐striking faults, together with field‐scale southeast–northwest‐striking dextral strike–slip faults, are optimally oriented to have potentially developed as a conjugated fault set under a south‐southeast–north‐northwest‐oriented strike–slip stress regime. Geomechanical modelling for a regionally extensive system of Cretaceous polygonal faults was performed to calculate the Leakage Factor and Dilation Tendency of individual faults. Faults that extend into Lower Cretaceous oil‐rich reservoirs with strikes of between 060°N and 140°N and a high to near‐vertical dip angle were identified to most likely be acting as conduits for the tertiary migration of hydrocarbons from known Lower Cretaceous hydrocarbon reservoirs into shallow Cretaceous sediments. This research provides valuable information on the regional basement fault architecture and a more detailed exploration target for the Cooper‐Eromanga Basin, which were previously not available in literature.     

DATABASE OF LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY 2015 GORKHA(NEPAL) MW7.8 EARTHQUAKE

In this study, a detailed database of landslides triggered by the 25 April 2015 Gorkha (Nepal)M_W7.8 earthquake is constructed based on visual interpretation of pre- and post-earthquake high-resolution satellite images and field reconnaissance. Results show the earthquake triggered at least 47 200 landslides, which have a NWW direction spatial distribution, similar with the location and strike of the seismogenic fault. The landslides are of a total area about 110km² and an oval distribution area about 35 700km². On the basis of a scale relationship between landslide area (A)and volume (V), V=1.314 7×A^{1.208 5}, the total volume of the coseismic landslides is estimated to be about 9.64×10⁸m³. In the oval landslide distribution area, the landslide number density, area density, and volume density were calculated and the results are 1.32km^-2, 0.31%, and 0.027m, respectively. This study provides a detailed and objective inventory of landslides triggered by the Gorkha earthquake, which provides very important and essential basic data for study of mechanics of coseismic landslides, spatial pattern, distribution law, and hazard assessment. In addition, the landslide database related to an individual earthquake also provides an important earthquake case in a subduction zone for studying landslides related to multiple earthquakes from a global perspective.     

不同航磁数据处理方法的地质应用效果分析:以云南宣威—贵州赫章地区为例

目前,利用航磁数据圈定磁性地质体边界的方法主要有航磁ΔT化极法、航磁ΔT化极垂向一阶导数法、总梯度模法和斜导数法等4种。云南宣威-贵州赫章地区火山岩分布面积广泛,下二叠统峨眉山玄武岩具有强磁性,而其他地层岩石磁性很低;为了圈定研究区内磁性地质体的目的,利用该区1∶5万航磁测量数据,阐述了ΔT化极法、化极垂向一阶导数法、斜导数法和总梯度模法等4种数据处理方法的地质应用效果,认为应根据有效磁化方向与地磁场方向是否一致来选用不同的航磁数据处理方法,以达到有效圈定地质的目的。     

辽东半岛五龙金矿床航空电磁场特征及找矿意义

五龙金矿床位于五龙矿集区中部,是矿集区内规模大的石英脉型金矿。为查明矿集区深部构造及指导深部找矿预测,需结合深部地球物理资料综合分析研究。本文基于五龙矿集区航空探测任务,并结合其成矿地质特征,研究了五龙金矿在平面、剖面、空间等维度的航磁、航空TEM、航空大地电磁特征及其找矿意义。研究表明：平面上矿体位于鸡心沟断裂东侧负磁背景场中NE与近SN、NW向弱磁异常带交汇处,中等 强剩余磁异常带的转折端、梯度带,视电阻率低阻区及中低阻梯度带,深部存在团块状视磁化率高值区;剖面上矿体位于“左低右高,上高下低”的视电阻率梯度带上,呈中低阻、低阻特征及强磁场区至弱磁场区的视磁化率梯度带上,呈浅部“上高下低”、深部“下高上低”的中等 弱磁特征;空间上矿体位于鸡心沟断裂东侧的断裂构造低阻带与岩体高阻异常带的梯度带。五龙金矿地质地球物理找矿标志的建立和深部高视磁化率异常区的存在,表明矿区深部1000~2000m空间与五龙金矿体视电阻率、视磁化率特征相似的地段,仍具有较好找矿潜力。     

新技术在国家西部1∶50000地形图空白区测图工程中的应用

国家西部1:50000地形图空白区测图工程(简称西部测图工程)是填补我国西部1:50000基础地理信息空白区的国家重大测绘专项,涉及区域地形、气候、交通等条件异常恶劣,常规测绘手段难以完成全部测图任务。集成航天遥感、数字航空摄影、航空航天合成孔径雷达、全球定位和地理信息系统等现代地理空间信息技术,综合利用多种已经发展成熟的和新型的遥感影像测图技术,是西部测图工程顺利实施关键所在。文章对西部测图工程中使用的这些测绘新技术、新方法进行了较为详细的阐述,这些测绘新技术、新方法形成西部测图工程的创新技术体系,为西部测图工程提供了具有自主知识产权的测图软硬件系统,促进测绘整体技术水平的提高、产业进步与升级。     

内蒙古呼伦西白地区铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征及找矿标志

北山成矿带东缘的内蒙古呼伦西白地区近年来发现了多处铌稀土矿床(点),矿床(点)产于二叠纪二长花岗岩外接触带上,矿体赋存于滨浅海相碳酸盐岩-变碎屑岩内,其形态、产状、规模受构造-岩浆活动控制,并与磁异常对应,其中灰石山东北铌稀土矿区Nb2O5品位0.02%～0.56%、平均0.11%,REO品位0.13%～2.63%,平均0.93%,辉森乌拉西铌金矿区Nb2O5品位0.01%～0.1%,与白云鄂博Nb-REE-Fe超大型矿床特征类似,成矿潜力巨大。结合区域地质背景及铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征,初步认为区内该类型矿床的找矿标志为:二叠系滨浅海相碳酸盐岩-变碎屑岩地层、构造挤压形成的虚脱空间或韧-脆性转换部位、二叠纪二长花岗岩外接触带、放射性异常梯度带-磁异常位置、岩石蚀变(褐铁矿化、硅化、碳酸盐化等)和石英细网脉发育地段。对该地区铌稀土多金属矿成矿特征和找矿标志的研究有利于拓展北山地区三稀矿产的找矿思路,也可为此类矿产的找矿方向提供借鉴。     

解析联合国教科文组织世界地质公园标准

2015年11月,世界地质公园正式成为联合国教科文组织的一个品牌,同时颁布了《国际地球科学和地质公园计划章程》(UNESCO,2015a)和《联合国教科文组织世界地质公园操作指南》(UNESCO,2015b),对世界地质公园的管理、组织架构、标准、申报、评估和再评估及活动等提出了明确的要求。中国是世界地质公园的创始国之一,拥有教科文组织世界地质公园的数量居各国之首。几年来的实践表明,一些地质公园和地方政府管理机构对世界地质公园的概念和标准的理解尚存在偏差,造成了工作上的被动局面。本文基于中国世界地质公园的实际状况,针对当前存在的现实问题,对教科文组织世界地质公园的标准进行解析,尤其对其范围、边界、品牌叠加等方面进行详细解读,以期对我国今后教科文组织地质公园的健康发展有所裨益。