Colour infrared aerial photography as a tool for vegetation mapping and change detection in environmental studies of Nordic ecosystems: A review

The aim of the paper is to sum up knowledge of colour infrared (CIR) aerial photography as a tool for vegetation data for mapping and monitoring in environmental and biodiversity surveys and change detection surveillance. It compiles thirty years of research of the main ecosystems in Swedish vegetation, where the overall goal was to develop methods for mapping and monitoring vegetation by use of CIR aerial photographs, assess the accuracy compared to field-based mapping and to implement them as a tool in nature conservation and environmental planning. The methods include development of a classification system, identification and analysis of indicators, development of interpretation techniques, and evaluation compared to the data collected in the field. The CIR observable criteria are colour, texture, pattern, size, form, and density, based on spectral reflectance, physiognomy, life forms, ecological conditions, moisture and nutrition, vegetation period and phenology, topography, site conditions, and management methods. The methods have been used to produce vegetation maps of mountains, boreal forests, and mires in northern and central Sweden, in national inventories of wetlands, ancient meadows and pastures, key biotopes in forests and for monitoring agricultural landscapes.     

文化遗产旅游解说与翻译:评述与启示

文化独特性是文化遗产型景区的核心吸引力,了解和欣赏异质文化遗产是文化旅游者的主要动机,解说翻译是跨文化遗产旅游的桥梁。由于国内旅游规划对文化遗产旅游解说特点研究不够,景区管理者对双语解说信息创作对象不了解,导致文化遗产解说与翻译的质量影响了跨文化遗产旅游的解说教育效果,错过了通过文化遗产旅游平台对外宣传中华文化的良好机会。综述了旅游解说的概念、内涵以及有效解说和信息创作的原则,在总结文化遗产旅游特点的基础上,提出了文化遗产型景区英文解说翻译应针对国际旅游者特点的信息再创造的观点。建议文化遗产旅游景区制定针对国际旅游者消费特点的双语解说规划;旅游规划和翻译学术界应重视旅游双语解说规划和翻译的研究;翻译者在具备双语、双文化翻译能力的同时,还应该了解旅游解说和信息创作的跨学科知识。     

洞错混杂带内部结构及构造岩片组合特征

为了对洞错混杂带进行深入研究,通过遥感图像解译将其分为玄武岩岩片带、蛇绿混杂岩带和蛇绿岩带3个次级构造带,这3个次级构造带在平面上近平行延伸,向东、西方向收敛,在剖面上呈叠瓦式向南逆冲.实地检查证明,遥感解译结果符合实际情况,各带内岩块的物质组成、几何结构大不相同,中部的蛇绿混杂岩带是洞错混杂带的主带.     

板桥稀土矿遥感找矿信息提取与矿产预测研究

通过对离子吸附型稀土矿成矿规律的分析,从浙江省板桥地区的遥感地质特征研究入手,在研究区地表范围内进行稀土遥感找矿信息的提取。首先利用SPOT图像和DEM数据构建的坡度数据对与稀土成矿相关的地貌单元进行解译;然后通过光谱特征分析和基于ASTER图像的矿物遥感异常提取,获取与成矿相关的高岭土、绢云母、绿泥石等风化特征矿物的分布信息;最后叠合分析地貌、坡度及异常提取结果,进行稀土遥感找矿预测。与地质调查资料及化探数据的对比分析证实,上述方法对圈定1∶5万的大比例尺离子吸附型稀土矿分布范围是有效的,可为更详细的稀土矿产资源潜力评价提供依据。     

遥感解译在南京市生活垃圾填埋场识别中的应用

运用遥感技术对南京市航空影像进行了解译工作,提取了面积大于10 000 m2的垃圾场位置并进行了实地查证和分析比对,绘制出南京市垃圾填埋场分布图,为南京市垃圾场的适宜性评价工作奠定了基础。     

汶川地震区北西向断裂带遥感分析

利用北京一号小卫星遥感影像判读汶川地震区的断裂构造,发现了一系列100km左右等间距排列的北西向断裂,结果已部分地得到实地考察验证。龙门山断裂与北西向断裂的交汇部位发生强烈地震的几率较高。这些新发现将对汶川Ms8.0级地震发生机理、龙门山断裂带活动性分段、断裂同震位移自南西向北东、由右旋走滑逆断层向右旋走滑断层转变等重大问题提供了新的合理解释。     

Deep structures in the Maritime Territory-Sea of Japan continental margin from seismic data

This paper discusses the results of interpreting seismic profiles on the Earth’s crust of the Maritime Territory and Sea of Japan performed during the 20th century by the Sakhalin Integrated Research Institute and by the Schmidt Joint Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences. The seismic profiles confirmed the presence of structural features under the Maritime Territory and the Sea of Japan that were revealed previously from geological data, such as spreading zones, rifts, deep-seated faults, overthrusts, and subduction zones, suggesting an active type of continental margin in the Far East region. We assumed that a high occurrence of the asthenospheric layer enclosing magmatic chambers explains the high activity of tectonic processes in the Far Eastern continental margin. The identified system of rifts and spreading centers supports this assumption.     

Petrophysical software for interpreting integrated well-logging data based on spectrometric gamma-logging

This paper discusses modern techniques of identification of reservoir rocks of complex mineral composition in low-thickness layers. The principal purpose of the study is the elaboration of an optimal set of petrophysical investigations used for interpretation of well-logging (WL) data. The solution of the problem lies in generating a mineral-component model of sediments and in finding a range of admissible values of every macro component and its petrographic parameters.     

江东测区航磁异常地面查证结果的再认识

笔者结合1/5万磁法扫面及相关磁参数测定工作,在路线地质调查的基础上,进一步对引起江东测区航磁异常的原因进行了客观的分析和总结,得出该区磁异常并非某些专家所讲由"似条带状含铁硅质岩建造(铁多金属矿化)"引起,而实由高黎贡山群中-高级区域变质岩类产生的结论,并对在该区进行地质勘查的找矿标志、矿床类型等找矿方向提出了自己的观点.     

安徽淮北煤矿富水区被动式超低频电磁探测结果解析

被动式超低频电磁法是一种在地表直接接收来自地下3～3000Hz频段的天然超低频电磁信号,通过对接收信号的处理和解释实现对地下的岩性界面、构造、资源和能源进行探测,拥有巨大开发潜力的地球物理勘探新方法.首先简述了富水区的被动式超低频电磁探测机理,其次结合安徽省淮北市煤矿富水区的探测实例来说明该方法的适用性和局限性.在数据处理上采用曲线叠加平均、平滑和特征深度标定的方法,同时采用了测深曲线和视电阻率等值断面进行地质解释.解释结果和已知钻孔资料对比发现,无论在测深曲线上,还是在断面图上,富水区均具有明显的特征.