地幔流体及其成矿作用

地幔流体及其成矿作用的研究是当前地学界倍受关注的前沿课题。地幔流体是一种以CO2和H2 O为主、同时含有一定量的溶质成分、相对富集大离子等不相容元素的超临界流体 ,具有独特的溶解和输运能力 ,主要来源于俯冲板块的脱水、脱气作用和地核及地幔脱气作用。地幔流体在许多大型—超大型金属、非金属、油气矿床和矿集区形成过程中具有重要意义。地幔流体成矿作用主要表现为本身成矿、提供成矿物质、成矿流体和成矿热动力。地质构造背景、岩浆活动、矿床地质、矿床地球化学等方面的研究均可提供地幔流体成矿作用的证据。地幔流体成矿作用的主要特征是矿床具有深大断裂构造背景、伴随幔源岩浆活动、成矿物质和成矿流体具有幔源性、往往形成大型—超大型矿床和矿集区     

南黄海低信噪比地震资料处理技术探索

随着南黄海海相碳酸盐岩油气地震调查的展开,提高海相碳酸盐岩目标层低信噪比地震资料的成像品质,已成为地震处理工作的主要任务。在充分分析了地震地质条件和原始资料特征的基础上,总结了成像处理存在的主要问题,探索了针对性处理技术流程并进行了攻关试验工作,建立了以叠前综合多域噪声压制、多次波联合衰减、大偏移距各向异性动校正、各向异性叠前时间偏移等关键技术方法组成的处理流程。资料处理结果表明,地震剖面的成像精度显著提高,各种地质现象反射特征突出,有效地提高资料解释的准确性。     

Alkali-rich igneous rocks and related Au and Cu large and superlarge deposits in China

The alkali-rich igneous rocks in China occur as fifteen linear distributed belts of each extending several hundreds to several thousands kilometers in length. These include most types of alkali-rich igneous rock categories discovered worldwide. The related Au, Cu large and superlarge deposits or metallogenic focus-areas include Dongping, Guilaizhuang, Yulong, etc. Direct and indirect genetic links have been found between alkali-rich igneous rocks and Au, Cu mineralization. The petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the alkali-rich igneous rocks are mainly controlled by (1) mantle enrichment, (2) strong interaction between mantle and crust, (3) lower contens of sulfur, high and high contents of volatiles, (4) the significant turn of regional tectonic framework from compress to extension and (5) the strong change of regional lithosphere structure.     

On the generation and decay of the long-period coda energy of large earthquakes

Seismic coda wave is the tail portion of the earthquake record after main arrivals. Studies on the coda usually focus on high-frequency data within several hours after regional events and attribute them to the scattering effect of the heterogeneities inside the earth. Here, we use records of seven large earthquakes at globally distributed seismic stations to examine the decay of long-period (100 s to 300 s) coda in the time window of 10,000 s to 140,000 s after the origin time and fit it with a statistical model. The geometric spreading effect in the estimated initial energy and a location-independent equivalent attenuation coefficient indicate that the long-period coda energy is less affected by the heterogeneity-induced scattering effect than that of shorter-period coda. The coda energy can reach the earth's inner core and can be explained by a 1D earth model, making it more effective for constraining the global attenuation model. It also has the potential to determine the magnitudes of large earthquakes and to explore the interior of planetary bodies.     

大比例尺地形图中陡崖表示方法的探讨

结合武汉市锅顶山地形图绘制的过程,对大比例尺地形图中陡崖的表示方法进行了探讨,对采用陡崖符号与等高线相配合表示陡崖的方法进行了实验,讨论了该表示方法的适应条件,提出了采用等高线表示崖壁时根据陡崖比高灵活选择等高距的看法。     

华贵栉孔扇贝基础群体内大小分化个体的淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力比较

在2006年3月,从湛江乌石养殖的华贵栉孔扇贝群体随机挑选100只个体作为亲本建立了基础群体。在2006年10月,从基础群体分别选择大、小个体构成两个子群体,比较了这两个子群体在不同温度时的淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力的差异。在20℃时,两个子群体的淀粉酶活力差异不显著(P>0.05);在25℃和30℃时,大个体子群体的淀粉酶活力显著大于小个体子群体的淀粉酶活力(P<0.05)。在20、25和30℃时,大个体子群体的纤维素酶活力显著大于小个体子群体的纤维素酶活力(P<0.05)。这些说明华贵栉孔扇贝的淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力与生长性状相一致。     

Adaptive element free Galerkin method applied to analysis of earthquake induced liquefaction

An automatically adaptive element free method is presented to analyze the seismic response of liquefiable soils.The method is based on the element free Galerkin method (EFGM) and the fission procedure that is part of h-refinement,indicated by error estimation. In the proposed method, a posteriori error estimate procedure that depends on the energy normof stress and the T-Belytschko (TB) stress recovery scheme is incorporated. The effective cyclic elasto-plastic constitutivemodel is used to describe the nonlinear behavior of the saturated soil. The governing equations are established by u-pformulation. The proposed method can effectively avoid the volumetric locking due to large deformation that usually occursin numerical computations using the finite element method (FEM). The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstratedby evaluating the seismic response of an embankment and comparing it to results obtained through FEM. It is shown that theproposed method provides an accurate seismic analysis of saturated soil that includes the effects of liquefaction     

基于现场测试的大跨扁平连拱隧道最佳支护时机研究

大跨扁平连拱隧道由于其开挖跨度大和断面扁平等特点,施工过程中围岩与结构的受力、变形同四车道连拱隧道或分离式隧道存在较大的差异,相应地影响到二次衬砌的最佳支护时机。以某六车道连拱隧道为依托工程,探讨了以隧道位移释放比为基本指标的支护时机确定方法,并通过对围岩位移与不同支护时机条件下二次衬砌内力的现场测试与综合分析,依据“支护抗力最小”的原则,提出了大跨扁平连拱隧道二次衬砌最佳施作时机。     

土体劈裂灌浆力学机理分析

为了在塑性力学和大变形理论的基础上分析土体在劈裂灌浆初始阶段的力学机理,将劈裂灌浆的初始阶段视为无限土体中的圆孔扩张问题,并将圆孔周围土体中的应力分布分为3个区域。在弹性区中土体服从小变形假设,在软化区和流动区中土体服从大变形假设。根据应力平衡方程以及应力和应变连续的边界条件,推导出劈裂灌浆初始阶段的最终扩孔压力和最终扩孔半径的理论解答。同时,还分析了灌浆压力、最终扩孔半径、土体的泊松比和大变形以及压缩模量之间的相互关系。该理论的计算结果与工程实测结果比较接近,初步证实了该理论的可靠性。     

我国过去50 a来降水变化趋势及其对水资源的影响(Ⅰ):年系列

应用全国范围内的678个气象站1951-1998年长系列降水资料, 用线性回归方法研究降水量、降水日数和降水强度的变化趋势, 同时结合长江和黄河主要控制水文站同期的径流资料, 研究径流对气候变化的响应. 结果表明: 近50 a来年降水量表现出明显的区域性变化特征, 东部地区降水日数减少显著, 西部地区年降水日数以增加为主; 日平均降水强度的变化趋势除西南地区有一带状的微量减少外, 全国大部分地区表现为增加趋势. 气候的上述变化趋势对我国干旱的西北地区有利, 该区河流径流量有明显增加; 另一方面, 降水强度的增加导致洪水事件的濒发. 但对干旱的华北、多雨的华东和华南地区却不利, 华北呈现愈加干旱, 华东华南愈多洪涝. 黄河20世纪90年代持续的严重断流和长江淮河近10 a的洪涝大灾频发, 就是一个例证.