带有差分GPS的多传感器无人直升机航测遥感系统

本文主要介绍作者在日本研制的一种基于无人直升机平台的多种传感器航测遥感系统,它直接采用GPS和IMU数据进行地理定位定向而不需要地面控制点。通过实飞数据对系统达到的几何精度进行了验证,结果表明该系统可用来测绘大比例尺地形图以及应用于其他相关领域。     

ADS80数据在新疆1:00基础测绘中的应用

简要介绍了目前国际上比较流行的线阵航空数字传感器ADS80的一些基本情况,分析了该传感器的技术优势与应用意义,并对在大比例尺地形图测绘中的应用、技术开发问题进行了初步的讨论;阐述了利用ADS80数据进行1∶500基础测绘生产的工艺流程及成图过程。研究结果表明ADS80数字航空摄影测量系统不但能有效提高作业效率,同时也能显著提高测图精度。     

Notes

Abstract

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Gerd Fraenkel with Lindley J. Stiles. Today's World in Focus: Israel. Ginn and Co., Statler Building, Boston 17, Mass., 1963. 122 pages with table of contents with black and white photographs with colored illustrations, appendices and bibliography. $1.40.

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William Trout Chambers and Lorrin Kennamer, Jr. Texans And Their Land. The Steck Co., P.O. Box 16, Austin, Tex., 1963. 232 pages with table of contents, black and white pictures, colored maps, appendix, bibliography and index. $4.88.

Olive Burt. The First Book of Utah. Franklin Watts, Inc., 575 Lexington Ave., New York 22, N.Y., 1963. 66 pages with table of contents, general map of Utah, photographs and an index. $2.50.

Bernt Lloyd Wills. North Dakota: The Northern Prairie State. B. L. Wills, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, N.D., 1963. 318 pages with table of contents, black and white pictures and black and white illustrations and index. $4.80.

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Patricia Horkheimer Suttles, (editor). Educators Guide to Free Social Studies Materials. Educators Progress Service, Randolph, Wis., 1963. 402 pages with XV pages editorial comment and table of contents. $6.75.

C. B. Hitchcock and O. M. Miller. Nine Glacier Maps, Northwestern North America with Text. Special Publication No. 34. American Geographical Society, 156th St. and Broadway, New York 32, N.Y., 1960. 22 pages with table of contents, three appendices, one table, one locational text map, 15 photographs and nine separate topographic maps. $3.00.

Harry M. Caudill. Night Comes To The Cumberlands. Little, Brown &; Co., 128 Oliver St., Paterson 1, N.J., 1963. 394 pages with table of contents and black and white photographs. $6.75.     

UCX数码航摄在大比例尺3D产品生产中的应用

数码航摄技术在大比例尺3D产品开发中的应用日益广泛,UCX数码航摄系统成像分辨率较高,成为目前国内数字化测绘应用较多的主导设备。本文结合石狮工程实践,利用UCX数码航摄系统获取的影像数据生产制作3D数字产品,探讨了基于UCX数码航摄大比例尺3D产品的实现方法、技术路线、作业流程及全程质量控制。     

GeneMap软件在大比例尺地形图缩编中的应用

大比例尺数字化地形图在城镇建设中起着重要的作用,而传统地形图缩编技术效率较低。本文以北京市1∶2000数字化地形图缩编1∶10000地形图为例,充分利用GEOWAY GeneMap平台的缩编功能,采用基于规则库的一致性制图综合和交互式制图综合相结合的方法,缩编作业效率比较高,减轻了作业强度,提高了作业精度,为大比例尺地形图缩编提供了一种新的思路。     

一次高压型海雾中的液态含水量演变特征

2008年3月16—17日在粤西电白出现了一次在高压天气系统控制下的海雾过程。利用这次海雾的综合观测数据,分析了这一高压型海雾的液态含水量演变特征,讨论了液态含水量与雾滴平均直径和数密度以及气温、风速、湍流交换等的关系。结果显示:(1)海雾有发展-消散-再发展的准周期性变化特征;(2)海雾过程中的雾滴数有显著的变化,而雾滴平均直径的变化较小;雾滴数变化对海雾的发展、消散起主要作用;(3)在海雾生成和发展阶段,空气的冷却机制起主要作用;而在海雾的维持阶段冷却机制的作用并不明显;(4)在雾的生成阶段,弱湍流交换有利于雾的生成;而在雾的发展和维持阶段,湍流交换减弱,液态水增长,反之液态水减少。湍流交换的强、弱与海雾发展-消散-再发展的周期性变化有密切关系。     

2007年梅汛期异常降水的大尺度环流成因分析

为深入理解江淮梅雨持续性强降水的大气演变过程,探讨中期预报技术途径,利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析数据和历史梅雨特征指数等资料,系统地分析了2007年梅汛期异常降水的大尺度环流成因.结果表明:梅汛期,西北太平洋副热带高压稳定和7月中下旬持续偏南,决定了2007年梅汛期降水的时间和地域分布特征.阻塞高压的频繁出现和副热带季风涌的异常强盛为梅雨锋维持和加强提供了有利的动力、热力以及水汽条件;"伊朗型"南亚高压的活动以及东亚上空副热带急流通过高低空耦合动力作用,不仅为持续性暴雨创造了良好的垂直环流结构,也间接抑制了副高北抬.在此研究基础上,归纳出中期预报着眼点,供实际业务预报参考使用.     

S波段多普勒天气雷达旁瓣回波的特征分析

通过对2002～2005年S波段多普勒天气雷达上旁瓣回波的分析,描述了其在基本反射率因子、径向速度、速度谱宽PPI图及反射率因子和径向速度垂直剖面图上的形态特征.在7次强对流事件的19个雹暴云中发现有6次强对流事件10个雹暴云共产生旁瓣回波110次(基于反射率因子仰角产品的统计).统计结果表明:形成旁瓣回波最小反射率因子强度为60 dBz,97.3%的旁瓣回波出现在反射率因子强度≥63 dBz时,旁瓣回波出现在50～100 km距离段内的机率最大;旁瓣回波出现的最大高度为11 km,最低高度是1 km,97.3%的旁瓣回波出现在1～9 km高度之间,69.1%的旁瓣回波出现在3～6 km高度之间,以4～5 km高度出现次数最多,然后向上、向下减少.据灾情调查报告分析,强降雹发生在旁瓣回波首次出现后的0～42 min内,表明旁瓣回波对强降雹具有一定的临近预警作用.     

Interpreting the transmission windows of distant quasars

We propose the apparent shrinking criterion (ASC) to interpret the spatial extent, R _w, of transmitted flux windows in the absorption spectra of high- z quasars. The ASC can discriminate between the two regimes in which R _w corresponds either to the physical size,   R _{H  ii}   , of the quasar H  ii region or to the distance,   R ^max_w  , at which the transmitted flux drops to  =0.1  and a Gunn–Peterson (GP) trough appears. In the first case [H  ii region (HR) regime], one can determine the intergalactic medium mean H  i fraction,   x _H I  ; in the second [proximity region (PR) regime], the value of R _w allows one to measure the local photoionization rate and the local enhancement of the photoionization rate,  Γ_G  , due to nearby/intervening galaxies. The ASC has been tested against radiative transfer+smoothed particle hydrodynamics numerical simulations, and applied to a sample of 15 high-   z ( z > 5.8  ) quasar spectra. All sample quasars are found to be in the PR regime; hence, their observed spectral properties (inner flux profile, extent of transmission window) cannot reliably constrain the value of   x _{H  i}   . Four sample quasars show evidence for a local enhancement (up to 50 per cent) in the local photoionization rate possibly produced by a galaxy overdensity. We discuss the possible interpretations and uncertainties of this result.     

The non-linear probability distribution function in models with local primordial non-Gaussianity

We use the spherical evolution approximation to investigate non-linear evolution from the non-Gaussian initial conditions characteristic of the local f _nl model. We provide an analytic formula for the non-linearly evolved probability distribution function (PDF) of the dark matter which shows that the underdense tail of the non-linear PDF in the f _nl model should differ significantly from that for Gaussian initial conditions. Measurements of the underdense tail in numerical simulations may be affected by discreteness effects, and we use a Poisson counting model to describe this effect. Once this has been accounted, our model is in good quantitative agreement with the simulations. In principle, our calculation is an important first step in programs which seek to reconstruct the shape of the initial PDF from observations of large-scale structures in the Lyα forest and the galaxy distribution at later times.