论滑坡学

滑坡学可分为理论滑坡学和应用滑坡学．前者的分支有：滑坡发生学、滑坡运动学、滑坡组构学、滑坡形态学、滑坡断代－周期学、滑坡分类学、滑坡分布学、滑坡制图学、滑坡编目学和滑坡数据库系统等．应用滑坡学含滑坡研究方法论、技术手段和滑坡防御工程等．     

水利工程震害中土工结构低应力破坏实例分析

实际工程活动与低应力下土石料工程性质密切相关。总结了与低应力条件相关的工程活动,在总结分析以往地震中堤防和坝体滑坡案例的基础上,指出滑坡深度通常小于7 m,其上覆有效应力大多小于100 kPa。在对106组地震液化数据资料分析的基础上,指出地基液化大多发生在上覆有效应力低于100 kPa的低应力条件下。在目前的研究中,通常只关注中、高应力条件下土石料的工程性质。在应用中低应力区的土石料计算参数取值通常与中、高应力条件下获得的强度和变形参数一致,而高、低应力条件下土石料的强度和变形特性是不同的,这种计算参数取值方法的适用性存在疑虑。因此,研究低应力条件下土石料的工程性质,探讨数值计算中低应力条件下土石料计算参数的取值方法,具有重要的工程意义和科学价值。     

Elevated marine deposits in Bermuda record a late Quaternary megatsunami

Deposits of coral-bearing, marine shell conglomerate exposed at elevations higher than 20 m above present-day mean sea level (MSL) in Bermuda and the Bahamas have previously been interpreted as relict intertidal deposits formed during marine isotope stage (MIS) 11, ca. 360–420 ka before present. On the strength of this evidence, a sea level highstand more than 20 m higher than present-day MSL was inferred for the MIS 11 interglacial, despite a lack of clear supporting evidence in the oxygen-isotope records of deep-sea sediment cores. We have critically re-examined the elevated marine deposits in Bermuda, and find their geological setting, sedimentary relations, and microfaunal assemblages to be inconsistent with intertidal deposition over an extended period. Rather, these deposits, which comprise a poorly sorted mixture of reef, lagoon and shoreline sediments, appear to have been carried tens of meters inside karst caves, presumably by large waves, at some time earlier than ca. 310–360 ka before present (MIS 9–11). We hypothesize that these deposits are the result of a large tsunami during the mid-Pleistocene, in which Bermuda was impacted by a wave set that carried sediments from the surrounding reef platform and nearshore waters over the eolianite atoll. Likely causes for such a megatsunami are the flank collapse of an Atlantic island volcano, such as the roughly synchronous Julan or Orotava submarine landslides in the Canary Islands, or a giant submarine landslide on the Atlantic continental margin.     

碎屑流沿坡面运动的初步分析

本文分析了碎屑流沿坡面下滑过程中的运动特性,重点考察了床面摩擦系数、土体内摩擦角和坡角对碎屑流堆积形态的影响.     

降雨入渗诱发黄土滑塌的模式及临界值初探

国内外对诱发滑坡的降雨阈值的研究多采用统计方法对历史滑坡和降雨量数据进行相关分析,而在分析过程中很少按降雨入渗诱发模式的不同进行分类.实际上,降雨临界值与被触发的滑坡类型紧密相关,不同模式的降雨可以触发不同类型和规模的滑坡,而不同类型的滑坡也“需要”不同的降雨临界值.本文以陕北黄土高原广泛发育的-种典型地质灾害-黄土滑塌作为研究对象,从定性分析降雨入渗的机理入手,探讨了不同入渗模式下雨水对滑塌的诱发作用,初步建立了缓慢下渗诱发型、下渗阻滞诱发型、下渗贯通诱发型三种降雨诱发黄土滑塌的模式.运用统计学的方法,对陕西北部地区25个县(市、区)1960年～2008年发生的有准确日期记录的227个黄土滑塌和降雨数据进行分类,建立了不同降雨入渗诱发类型下的黄土滑塌降雨临界值或预警值.     

锚索格构梁在岩质滑坡治理中的应用

通过某市友谊大道滑坡工程实例,介绍锚索格构梁在岩质滑坡治理中的设计、施工方法及效果。     

Investigation on causes of the Siruyeh Landslide, West Semirom (Iran)

The Siruyeh landslide occurred at the eastern side of the Siruyeh valley, 22 km west of Semirom city, south of Esfahān on 25th March, 2005 with large dimensions (2,400 m long, 450 m wide with total area of 1 km²). The sliding mass blocked the Siruyeh River making a 35-m-high natural dam and 6-acre lake 570,000 m³ in volume that poses a potential threat for the area. The landslide occurred in soil and intensely weathered marls of the Tarbur and Kashkan Formations (upper Cretaceous–Paleocene age). The overall comparison and interpretation of the gathered evidence from satellite images, field trips, and laboratory tests show that the most important factors involved in triggering the Siruyeh landslide in order of importance are heavy precipitation and snow melt and intense concentration of faults and fractures as well as weathered and weak lithology.     

哀牢山南段长安金矿深部找矿新进展

长安金矿床是"十五"期间云南省重大找矿突破之一。文章介绍了长安金矿床成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、矿床类型、控矿因素等方面的新认识,提出了矿床主矿体并非受控于中上志留统与下奥陶统之间的加里东期不整合面,而是受控于NNW向陡立的F6断裂破碎带,属于构造破碎蚀变岩型金矿";通过采用TEM+IP物探方法圈定深部低阻、高充电率异常带,并结合成矿地质因素确定深部找矿空间,深部找矿工作获得新突破,扩大了资源∕储量。     

蛮寨滑坡变形特征及成因分析

通过蛮寨滑坡的调查与分析认为，特有的地质地貌条件及古滑体的存在，是该滑坡形成的内在原因，降雨及人为活动是滑坡的外在因素。蛮寨滑坡属危险性滑坡，目前处于蠕动变形阶段。     

高陡堆积体滑坡半坡桩无效锚固深度分析

半坡桩与普通抗滑桩的受力机制不同,用常规的设计方法半坡桩的锚固深度不足,可能导致治理工程失效。为了分析半坡桩无效锚固深度,在分析高陡堆积体滑坡特点的基础上,根据抗滑桩受力机制重新厘定了半坡桩的概念;以弹性半坡桩为例,用数值分析方法重点研究了弹性半坡桩无效锚固深度与总的锚固深度、滑面倾角及滑坡推力的关系。结果表明,弹性半坡桩的无效锚固深度受总的锚固深度影响较小,当总的锚固深度增加时,无效锚固深度在小范围内波动;弹性半坡桩的无效锚固深度与滑面倾角及滑坡推力呈指数正相关性,随着滑面倾角及滑坡推力的增加,无效锚固深度也在增加。