中国煤中的氟

氟是煤中所含微量元素中丰度较高的少数几种元素之一。对我国581个煤样分析数据的统计表明,多数样品氟含量处于20～300mg/kg,平均40mg/kg,个别超过1000mg/kg。氟在煤中赋存状态有:①独立的氟矿物;②以类质同象存在于矿物晶格内;③被矿物吸附;④以F-离子形式溶于水中。在煤中所含微量元素中,氟是对植物、动物和人体健康的影响面最大的元素。     

D-InSAR与随机森林模型耦合的活动性滑坡识别方法探究

灾害的早期识别是防灾减灾领域的关键技术。文中以甘肃省舟曲县为例,利用2018年1月－2019年1月Sentinel-1A雷达卫星降轨数据和2021年5月Sentinel-2光学遥感影像数据,通过D-InSAR技术获取研究区地表形变信息,利用随机森林模型识别潜在的滑坡体。结果表明：使用已有的滑坡数据集,采用随机森林模型能够较好地识别出潜在滑坡体。潜在滑坡点分布位置均位于地表形变量大的区域。舟曲县整体形变沿东西向发生,主要分布于舟曲县东北和西南方向,与潜在滑坡点高度重合。识别出的潜在滑坡点（立节乡北山滑坡）,年形变量达到0.12 m,于2021年1月18日发生滑坡,该滑坡典型案例也印证了文中方法的有效性。     

高速公路高边坡锚固护坡综合治理施工技术

介绍了桂柳高速公路K444+710~822上行线边坡锚固治理中锚索、锚杆、挂网等施工技术。     

An approach to mass movements in the Jiuzhaigou catchment

This paper presents a preliminary study of the main types, features, genesis, and countermeasures of mass movements in the Jiuzhaigou catchment, which is one of the most scenic regions in China. The main features are debris flows, rock-segment flows, landslides, and avalanches. Rough relief, fractured rocks, drifts, steep slopes, intensive rainstorms, and earthquakes produced their geneses. Countermeasures should include the integration of engineering and biological projects.     

基于NMR的库区滑坡三维稳定性数值模拟

传统的勘探、测试手段, 难以获取可靠的滑坡岩土体水文参数, 直接影响滑坡研究的建模、评价工作.应用核磁共振找水方法并结合其他方法建立滑坡三维地质模型, 并提出基于NMR技术的库区滑坡稳定性研究思路.以赵树岭滑坡进行测试, 获取了岩土体的水文地质参数数据, 确定出该滑坡具有两层地下水, 上部潜水含水层, 下部微承压含水层; 具有两层滑面.该技术的分析结果与钻孔数据吻合较好, 可为建立符合实际的滑坡模型提供可靠依据.利用自编渗流-应力耦合有限元程序和ANSYS进行了145 m、175 m及175m降至145 m滑坡的稳定性模拟.结果表明: 145 m及175 m水位, 该滑坡整体处于稳定状态, 前缘随水位抬升局部破坏范围扩大; 175 m降到145 m时, 坡整体稳定性接近极限状态.且滑坡后缘局部位置出现小规模变形破坏的可能.      

茅台滑坡治理反思及生态环境综合治理分析

茅台滑坡的产生受控于该区的地形地貌、地质构造、水文地质条件、降雨、地震和人类工种活动、生态环境等诸多因素，遥感技术手段对滑坡的研究也是十分重要的，本文分析了赤水茅台滑坡地形地质条件，提出了综合治理的工程手段和生态环境保护的重要性。     

The Wave Energy Concentration at the Agulhas Current off South Africa

The case of a freak wave collision with the ship in the Agulhas current is described. The explanation of the appearance of the freak wave as a result of wind-wave transformation in the Agulhas current is given. Swell is captured and intensified by the counter-current and is located in the neighbourhood of the maximum value of the current velocity, as a result of which there is a great concentration of wave-energy density. The superposition of wind and sea with swell transformed by the current promotes the formation of the freak waves. Using a simple mathematical analysis, an optimal ship track is proposed which could reduce the risk of collision with a freak wave.     

考虑水阻力的涉水滑坡运动速度计算模型研究

对于高速运动的涉水滑坡,水阻力是影响其运动速度大小的重要因素。论文设计了包括运动装置、传感装置、速度控制装置和传动装置的块体水下运动阻力的实验系统,分别进行了6块面积不同的块体分别以5种不同速度在水下运动实验,水下运动速度选取5个水平值,分别为0.5ms-1、0.8ms-1、1.0ms-1、1.5ms-1、1.8ms-1; 通过实验分析了压强水头增量与运动速度之间的相关关系,导出了水下运动块体迎水面的压强水头计算模型和迎水面阻力计算模型; 以曲线滑动型涉水滑坡为模型,分析了涉水滑坡水上部分和涉水部分受力模式; 基于滑坡动力学和运动学方程,结合条分方法,提出了曲线滑动型涉水滑坡运动速度的计算模型; 以2007年6月15日发生的清江北岸的大堰塘滑坡为例,分考虑迎水面水阻力和不考虑迎水面水阻力2种情况,分别计算了滑坡的运动速度,定量分析了水阻力对滑坡速度的影响。     

多剖面反算滑带土抗剪强度指标的研究

基于最小二乘原理,首先探讨了采用多个剖面反算滑带土综合抗剪强度指标的方法,其次,根据滑动带物质结构组成或是否受地下水侵蚀的不同,反算不同滑动段多种强度指标。以工程实例介绍了两种方法的应用,并以两种方法反算的强度指标进行滑坡推力计算,对结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,前者在简单小型滑坡治理设计计算中其精度仍是较为可靠的,而在大中型复杂滑坡治理设计计算中采用后者将更为合理和可靠。     

War,by Conservation

In this paper I argue that there has been a critical shift towards war by conservation in which conservation, security and counter insurgency (COIN) are becoming more closely integrated. In this new phase concerns about global security constitute important underlying drivers, while biodiversity conservation is of secondary importance. This is a significant break from earlier phases of fortress conservation and war for biodiversity. In order to develop a better understanding of these shifts, this paper analyzes the existing conceptual approaches, notably environmental security which seeks to understand how resources cause or shape conflict, and political ecology approaches that focus on the struggles over access to and control over resources. However, this paper indicates the limitations of these existing debates for understanding recent shifts, which require a fresh approach. I chart the rise of the narrative I call poachers-as-terrorists, which relies on the invocation of the idea that ivory is the white gold of Jihad, a phrase which is closely associated with an Elephant Action League (EAL) report in 2012 which claimed Al Shabaab used ivory to fund its operations. This narrative is being extended and deepened by a powerful alliance of states, conservation NGOs, Private Military Companies and international organizations, such that it is shaping policies, especially in areas of US geo-strategic interest in Sub-Saharan Africa. As a result conservation is becoming a core element of a global security project, with significant implications for conceptual debates and for conservation practice on the ground.