论滑坡分类

在广泛查阅和总结国内外滑坡分类基础上 ,以滑坡监测预报与防治为目的 ,遵从滑坡活动各要素的地位与作用 ,根据分类体系的完备性需要 ,理清了已有各种滑坡分类的性质及其彼此间的关系 ,并对之进行了科学归纳、取舍和补充 ,建立了具有层次系统性的综合性滑坡分类体系。为建立滑坡监测预报地质模型体系奠定了基础 ,并有助于对滑坡活动的全面研究。     

黄腊石滑坡基岩弯曲松弛带工程地质特性、形成机制及失稳预测

黄腊石滑坡是发育在三叠系中统巴东组砂泥岩夹灰岩构成的逆倾坡上的滑坡群,总方量约1 800×104 m3.滑坡滑带下面存在着大致连续分布的基岩弯曲松弛带.对于该松弛带工程地质特性的认识,将影响防治工程方案的设计及实施.本文通过野外工作、以往工作资料和研究成果的收集整理及再认识,对该滑坡下伏松弛带工程地质特性、形成机制及失稳预测作了一定深度的探讨,认为基岩弯曲松弛带是发生在特定的岩层中,由构造、重力、侵蚀、岩溶、风化、降雨及上部滑坡等因素共同作用的产物,工程地质环境质量较差,受重力及其上滑体滑动等因素影响,后期改造明显.在斜坡长期受重力累积变形、三峡水库运行期江水位变化及库岸再造作用下,将形成牵引式滑动.防治工程应在削方、排水等基础上,重点考虑防止库岸再造和斜坡坡脚部位变形.     

Assessment of seismic hazard for the Sannio-Matese area of Southern Italy — A summary

The working group on Test Regions for Evaluation of Methods for Seismic Hazard Assessment in Europe (TERESA), consisted of 15 members from 10 different European countries. Methods and experience gathered in these countries have been compared and discussed for two test areas in Europe: the Sannio-Matese region, Southern Italy, with high seismic activity, and the border region between Belgium, The Netherlands, and Federal Republic of Germany, with low activity.This paper summarizes the results for one of the test areas, Sannio-Matese. Most of the participants used statistical procedures to assess earthquake hazard, receiving results in terms of probability of occurrence for intensity as the ground-motion parameter. It was found that careful preparation of input data and parameters is the major influencing factor, therefore most of the efforts of the working group was devoted to this task.The scatter of the obtained results of the group is considerable, mainly because of the uncertainties in the data and the subjectiveness involved in the procedures. For better control of both factors, more objective methods have to be developed.     

基于贡献权重迭加法的滑坡风险区划

贡献权重迭加法是对滑坡本底因子和承灾体因子在滑坡发育中的贡献率进行统计后,通过贡献率均值化、规一化处理,利用权重转换模型计算出每一个因子内部的权重——自权重W和因子相互之间的权重——互权重W＇。将滑坡因子、承灾体因子和两者的自权重、互权重分别相乘迭加,得到滑坡危险度和易损度区划结果,再将2项结果相乘得出滑坡风险区划。     

A framework for the evaluation of ground motion selection and modification procedures

This study develops a framework to evaluate ground motion selection and modification (GMSM) procedures. The context is probabilistic seismic demand analysis, where response history analyses of a given structure, using ground motions determined by a GMSM procedure, are performed in order to estimate the seismic demand hazard curve (SDHC) for the structure at a given site. Currently, a GMSM procedure is evaluated in this context by comparing several resulting estimates of the SDHC, each derived from a different definition of the conditioning intensity measure (IM). Using a simple case study, we demonstrate that conclusions from such an approach are not always definitive; therefore, an alternative approach is desirable. In the alternative proposed herein, all estimates of the SDHC from GMSM procedures are compared against a benchmark SDHC, under a common set of ground motion information. This benchmark SDHC is determined by incorporating a prediction model for the seismic demand into the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis calculations. To develop an understanding of why one GMSM procedure may provide more accurate estimates of the SDHC than another procedure, we identify the role of ‘IM sufficiency’ in the relationship between (i) bias in the SDHC estimate and (ii) ‘hazard consistency’ of the corresponding ground motions obtained from a GMSM procedure. Finally, we provide examples of how misleading conclusions may potentially be obtained from erroneous implementations of the proposed framework. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2009年兰州市九州石峡口滑坡成因及其西侧高边坡稳定性研究

2009年5月16日兰州市九州石峡口小区西侧山体发生滑坡灾害,造成重大生命和财产损失。本文对石峡口滑坡的特征和成因进行了系统研究,认为滑坡区高陡的地形、不合理的绿化灌溉和不良的岩土体工程地质性质是诱发该滑坡的主要因素。在分析石峡口滑坡成因的基础上对与该滑坡相邻的西侧高边坡进行了稳定性研究,采用有限元强度折减法计算出潜在滑面的位置和稳定系数,并和极限平衡法计算结果做比较,结果表明有限元强度折减法与传统极限平衡法计算的稳定性系数很接近,增强了计算结果的可靠性。     

滑体段采用m法模型的抗滑桩计算方法

在目前的抗滑桩设计计算方法中,多将抗滑桩与滑体间的作用力简化为已知荷载,而忽略了该力与桩位移直接相关的特点。对目前的计算模型进行了改进,采用m法模型模拟桩前滑体对桩的抗力,并分别对桩在滑面以上、以下的部分建立计算方程,应用幂级数法解得其位移及内力的表达式,再利用桩的上、下段在滑面处的变形协调条件,求得该截面的弯矩和剪力,最终得到整个桩的变形和内力以及桩、土之间的作用力。最后,分别应用该方法和有限元法对一算例进行计算,其结果吻合很好,证明了该方法的正确性。     

2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震后地质灾害发育分布特征

2014年云南鲁甸“8·03”M_S6.5地震造成了重大人员伤亡和财产损失,诱发了大量滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害。基于对鲁甸县龙头山幅（G48E006006）地质灾害调查数据和对典型地质灾害的剖析,震后地质灾害发育分布有特征如下：（1）震后地质灾害较震前成倍增长,震前地质灾害多以中小型浅层崩滑为主,地震诱发了诸如甘家寨、红石岩等大型—特大型滑坡、崩塌,大量沟谷崩滑堆积物为泥石流储备了丰富的物源;（2）震中高烈度区域地质灾害密度大,沿发震断裂带NNE—NE向构造密集发育,震中区龙头山镇地质灾害发育最为集中;（3）地质灾害呈带状分布,明显受控于河流水系（牛栏江、沙坝河、龙泉河等）、公路（昭巧二级公路、沙乐公路）等线性地貌单元和线性工程,人类活动影响明显。     

攀西红层区大型滑坡失稳方式分析

四川攀西地区侏罗系、白垩系红层广泛分布, 其岩体结构破碎, 产状多变, 工程地质性质脆弱, 是区内主要的易滑地层。攀西红层区内滑坡发育, 灾害数量众多, 危害严重, 大型滑坡易堵塞前缘河道, 诱发严重的次级危害。本文在对区内众多大中型滑坡实地调查的基础上, 对攀西红层区内大中型岩质滑坡的失稳方式进行了分析和归纳, 为攀西地区滑坡失稳条件研究和区内的滑坡灾害防治提供了理论基础。通过研究分析, 发现攀西地区构造活动强烈, 红层区内大型滑坡发育受地质构造影响显著, 构造结构面与原生层理面形成的有利组合往往奠定了滑坡的边界, 控制了滑坡的失稳方式。依据其不同的斜坡结构特征, 攀西红层区大型岩质滑坡失稳方式可划分为平面顺向滑动、块状斜向滑动及楔形横向滑动等3种类型。