江苏省淤泥质海岸潮沟系统

江苏省淤泥质潮滩是最适于潮沟系统发育的潮滩之一。本文分析了影响潮沟系统发育的诸因素,进行了潮沟系统形态与潮差的相关分析,并把江苏的潮沟系统与沪、浙、闽等省市的潮沟系统进行了对比。主要结论如下:1.影响潮沟发育的主要因素是在落潮后期才存在的沟渠效应;2.潮沟和潮盆是潮滩上规模较大的韵律地形;3.粉沙级沉积物最宜于发育潮沟;4.潮沟的某些形态特征与潮差有非常好的线性相关;5.陆地迳流干扰了潮沟发育过程。     

塔里木盆地塔河油田TH12402井区中下奥陶统古岩溶洞穴发育模式*

塔里木盆地塔河油田TH12402井区位于志留系覆盖区,发育典型的古岩溶缝洞型储集层,是塔河油田西北部奥陶系主要的产建阵地之一。基于三维地震数据、测井和钻井资料,并结合地震属性提取技术,对该区下奥陶统岩溶发育条件和储集层发育特征进行了研究,探讨了岩溶洞穴的控制因素和发育模式。结果表明: TH12402井区处于北西向次级鼻状构造的南翼,该区发育加里东中期Ⅲ幕古岩溶作用,岩溶地形以低幅度的溶丘和洼地为主,地表水系呈南北向汇流且分支水系相对欠发育;岩溶储集空间以大型迷宫状岩溶管道和分散的孤立状洞穴为主,主要分布在不整合面以下40~100m,且以未充填为主;近东西向的走向断层、次级鼻状构造以及上奥陶统地层尖灭线联合控制了古岩溶洞穴的发育,形成了平缓岩溶地貌区走向断裂汇流型岩溶洞穴模式。上述成果为相似井区的古岩溶储集层预测和井位部署提供了理论依据。     

陕北黄土地层地貌特征及工程特性综述

陕北地区作为我国能源基地、农牧业生产基地和旅游基地,工程活动正在不断加强,但对于陕北黄土地区的区域工程特性研究较少。因此,结合野外调研以及相关勘察资料,对陕北黄土地层地貌及工程特性进行了综合分析。研究结果表明: 陕北黄土地层可划分为全新统风积沙、上更新统黄土、中更新统黄土、新近系岩石和古近系岩石; 陕北黄土地貌可划分为黄土侵蚀-构造堆积地貌、黄土现代构造(变形)地貌、黄土湿陷地貌和黄土侵蚀地貌; 因沉积年代和赋存环境的不同,陕北南部和北部黄土的工程特性(主要包括湿陷性、渗透性以及力学性质)迥异。陕北黄土地层地貌特征及工程特性的研究不仅与陕北地区的工程地质、水文地质和环境地质等研究有着密切的联系,而且对于陕北黄土分布区的生态、经济以及国防等国计民生建设具有重要的指导意义。     

Study on Jinan urban construction planning based on the protection of karst landscape

Study on urban construction planning based on karst landscape protection contributes to sustainable development of urban construction in karst area. Jinan is a city famous for karst spring water. Karst landscape plays a decisive role in urban construction. Through hydrogeological analysis, the distribution characteristics of karst mountain, cave, gully and flat dam in Jinan are analyzed. It is revealed that various karst landforms are involved in the spring circulation process to varying degrees. Some karst landforms have been destroyed in the process of urban construction and the karst landscape has been overexploited resulting in the direct or indirect weakening of spring water recharge and infiltration capacity and the decrease of spring water flow. Through the study of the principle of organic combination of karst landscape and urban construction planning, on the basis of protecting the ecological environment of the south, paying attention to the overall protection of the karst geomorphology system and the principle of accessibility of the karst landscape, the development countermeasures guided by urban planning are put forward based on karst landforms protection. On the basis of fully considering the special karst landform conditions in Jinan, the countermeasures are that the ecological control red line of urban construction planning should be set up based on karst mountains and valleys in southern of Jinan City. It is suggested that the bare carbonate rock continuous mountain foot line in the direct recharge area should be taken as the south control red line of urban development and included in the overall planning. The urban landscape is mainly displayed in the main axis based on karst mountains and springs, constructing East-West Axis-characteristic Landscape Belt along the Wufeng Mountain-Langmao Mountain-Hero Mountain-Qianfo Mountain-Long cave-Panlong cave-Jinping Mountain line and North-South Axis Landscape Belt along the Baotu Spring- Qianfo Mountain line, Baiquan-Panlong cave line, Baimai spring-Dajian Mountain line. Based on the karst river valleys and the river system, the urban spatial pattern is constructed, forming ecological corridor, restoring infiltration function of river. The form of urban construction should be shaped based on karst landform and the river system. The main form is semi-star like radiation type and the combination of central intensive type and zonal type. Based on the whole protection of karst geomorphology system and the scientific molding of karst landscape, the ecological landscape city with the symbiosis of spring and urban can be built.     

基于地基LiDAR点云数据插值方法的对比研究

以冷龙岭断裂上一处典型地貌点云数据为例,采用最邻近法、距离反比法、不规则三角网法、样条函数法、克里金法等5种插值方法进行遗漏点云插值填充,研究并探讨最合适的插值算法。结果表明,不规则三角网插值法不仅可以很好地填充点云遗漏数据,还可以按照实际地形变化精确表示其高程数据并还原野外的真实场景,为后期的研究提供数据保证。     

Formation of asymmetrical loess gullies in the northeastern loess plateau of China

Loess gullies are the most active and changeable landform unit on the Loess Plateau of China. Under the influence of inhomogeneous internal and external forces, various gully morphologies have been identified as specific forms of asymmetrical loess gullies in the northeastern Loess Plateau. Thus, the formation mechanisms of asymmetrical gullies should be examined to better understand the gully evolution processes in this area. In this study, a typical asymmetrical gully area and its geological background in the northeastern Loess Plateau are investigated. Then, the asymmetrical gullies are extracted and ordered under different watershed hierarchies using 5 m horizontal resolution digital elevation models. The asymmetrical gullies are characterized using the gully deviation index and gully asymmetrical coefficient to quantitatively and qualitatively describe the gully formation from the perspective of gully morphology. Subsequently, environmental factors, such as the bedrock, climate, vegetation and interactions with neighbouring watersheds, are combined to achieve an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of asymmetrical gully formation. The results show that most watersheds shift to the right side of the watershed geometric centre line, thereby forming a specific asymmetrical gully morphology. The phenomenon in which the asymmetrical degree characteristics decrease with the increase in drainage area suggests evident morphological differences on both sides of the main channel on a small scale, and relatively weak morphological differences on both sides of the main channel on a large scale. The degree of loess gully asymmetry appears higher in the area where only the windward slope is covered by loess than in areas where all slopes are covered by loess. The interaction between adjacent watersheds also influences the formation of asymmetrical gullies. These results support the understanding of asymmetrical gully formation in relation to the underlying bedrock structure and gully reorganization, thereby contributing to the development of process-based gully evolution models.     

基于SketchUp的三维地貌建模技术

提出了三维地貌模型的逻辑结构,阐述了基于三维建模工具SketchUp的三维地貌建模流程,介绍了基于等高线和基于高程点的2种三维地貌建模技术;并以大连生态科技创新城核心区为例,详细介绍了2种建模技术的具体步骤。     

Applicability of SRTM data for landform characterisation and geomorphometry: a comparison with contour-derived parameters

Abstract

Geomorphologic and hydrologic research heavily depends on digital elevation models (DEM) which are currently being prepared from digital contours. The present study examines the use and applicability of freely available global elevation data source (3 arc seconds finished Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)) in landform characterisation, geomorphometry, river basin studies and other allied scientific applications in comparison with contour elevation data derived from the surveyed topographical sheets. The relief data extracted from a conventionally digitised geo-information science dataset of topographic contours (1:50,000) are compared with the SRTM-DEM and the variations are analysed. The automated geomorphometric and landform parameters derived from the contour DEM and the computed statistical properties of those parameters have substantial agreement with the same parameters derived from the SRTM-DEM. At the same time, localised variations also exist in some spatial domains. Derivative landscape analysis outputs from the SRTM-DEM suggest the wide acceptability and applicability of the freely available SRTM data source, especially in the regional scale applications related to hydrological modelling, terrain characterisation, disaster management and land degradation studies.     

新疆玛纳斯河山前地貌对构造活动的响应

玛纳斯河是天山北麓最大的一条河流,流域内山前地貌对构造活动有明显的响应.根据野外调查和综合分析,结果表明天山北麓在南北向的挤压作用下,在山前依次形成了3排褶皱低山丘陵和第四排正在发育的西湖隆起.冲积扇也在历次构造运动中不断向北推进,呈串珠状发育.褶皱丘陵内阶地的也发生了拱曲变形.这些特征反映了自第四纪以来,天山北麓随着天山主体在不断抬升,并且持续地由南向北推挤,使山麓范围不断地向盆地方向扩张.