金川县农业生产条件与资源开发

金川具森林丰富、果类品质好,但农牧资源开发水平低、山区经济落后、制约农业生产的自然-社会经济条件众多。今后应以林果业为主,稳定、提高农牧业生产水平,大力发展农林牧副产品深加工工业等,坚持振兴山区经济的战略开发方向,并要采取相应的主要对策。     

Geospatial-temporal analysis of land-use changes in the Yellow River Delta during the last 40 years

Research on land use/land cover changes (LUCC)has been the core project of the Global EnvironmentalChanges since the 1990s[1—6]. Scientists at home andabroad have been laying emphasis on integrationstudies on land-use change by “space and process”features[7—10] as researches on LUCC are in a greatdeal. It is of paramount important for us to studyLUCC at various spatial-temporal scales and build aquantitative assessment of land-use conversion by in-tegrated spatial-temporal features. …     

一种地类图斑符号配置算法

地图符号配置是地图可视化的重要组成部分,传统的土地利用现状图制图中,地类图斑的符号化通过填充法或填绘法实现,但是这些方法不能解决符号的空间冲突问题。本文从地图认识的角度出发,归纳地类图斑的符号化规则,提出了一种地类符号配置算法,并利用C#语言、Arc Engine开发接口实现了该算法。实验结果表明,算法较好解决了地类符号与其他地物要素压盖问题。     

基于手持差分GPS与无线网络的地籍调查系统研究设计

面向地籍变更调查对精度和效率方面提出的更高要求,研究基于手持差分GPS与无线网络技术的地籍变更调查系统,快速实现GPS信号遮挡地区地籍特征点坐标的解析测量与信息的无线上传,提高了地籍变更调查的精度与速度,为“二调”后地籍变更调查提供新的工作方式.     

Woodland regeneration in a coastal heathland area in central Norway

The open coastal heathlands in Norway have changed character in recent decades, mainly because traditional practices such as burning, cutting and grazing have been abandoned or reduced. In a project aimed at increasing our knowledge of woodland regeneration in oceanic boreal heathlands, an area on the island of Kalv?ya in the archipelago of Vikna on the extreme outer coast of central Norway has been studied. Kalv?ya has calcareous bedrock; rich heath, rich fens and low-herb woodland cover 20% of the island. Large parts are paludified, and wet heath and mire vegetation cover 60%. The island has not been inhabited, but it was used for summer farming in the latter part of the 19th century and later for stock grazing. The woodland and scrub were mapped using aerial photographs from 1961 and 1981, and by fieldwork in 2001. Vegetation changes were analyzed using GIS techniques. Woodland and scrub increased from 3.0% in 1961, to 4.3% in 1981, to 11.6% in 2001. Betula pubescens is the commonest woody species. The oldest trees are 150 to 175 years old, growing in the most heavily wooded area, far away from the summer farm. In addition to human impact (summer farm, grazing pressure), the geology, terrain (degree of exposure), and climatic factors are important for woodland colonisation and distribution.     

高速公路用地地籍调查方法和精度研究

介绍高速公路用地的权属调查和地籍测量方法,根据高速公路用地特点,重点讨论了确定高速公路地籍测量精度指标问题,得出高速公路宗地界址点精度统一采用±0．3m比较适宜的结论。最后介绍了RTK技术在高速公路地籍测量的应用情况。     

多源数据的土地覆被样本自动提取

随着遥感数据获取能力的不断增强,自动化程度已经成为大尺度遥感土地覆被分类面临的关键问题。然而,现有训练样本的人工选取方法成为制约土地覆被分类自动化的瓶颈。本文以河南、贵州两省为研究区,提出一种基于多源数据的土地覆被样本自动提取方法,以构建适用于大尺度的土地覆被自动分类。首先,以2010年1∶10万土地利用数据CHINALC和30 m分辨率全球土地覆被数据Globle Land30为样本数据源;然后,利用空间一致性分析及异质性分析确定样本初选区域;最后,通过样本提纯去除无效样本。结果表明:(1)应用多源数据的土地覆被样本自动提取方法获得的分类产品总体分类精度高于人工样本提取方法制作的全球土地覆被产品MCD12Q1。(2)与单源样本自动提取方法相比,应用多源数据的土地覆被样本自动提取方法,可获得更好的分类稳定性。综上,多源数据的土地覆被样本自动提取方法可在保证精度的同时,提升土地覆被分类的自动化程度。     

Soil erosion and sediment transport in Tanzania: Part II – sedimentological evidence of phased land degradation

Soil resources in parts of Tanzania are rapidly being depleted by increased rates of soil erosion and downstream sediment transport, threatening ecosystem health, water and livelihood security in the region. However, incomplete understanding to what effect the dynamics of soil erosion and sediment transport are responding to land-use changes and climatic variability are hindering the actions needed to future-proof Tanzanian land-use practices. Complementary environmental diagnostic tools were applied to reconstruct the rates and sources of sedimentation over time in three Tanzanian river systems that have experienced changing land use and climatic conditions. Detailed historical analysis of sediment deposits revealed drastic changes in sediment yield and source contributions. Quantitative sedimentation reconstruction using radionuclide dating showed a 20-fold increase in sediment yield over the past 120 years. The observed dramatic increase in sediment yield is most likely driven by increasing land-use pressures. Deforestation, cropland expansion and increasing grazing pressures resulted into accelerating rates of sheet erosion. A regime shift after years of progressive soil degradation and convergence of surface flows resulted into a highly incised landscape, where high amounts of eroded soil from throughout the catchment are rapidly transported downstream by strongly connected ephemeral drainage networks. By integrating complementary spatial and temporal evidence bases, this study demonstrated links between land-use change, increased soil erosion and downstream sedimentation. Such evidence can guide stakeholders and policy makers in the design of targeted management interventions to safeguard future soil health and water quality.     

城市轨道交通对土地利用变化的时空效应

定量分析轨道交通对城市内部精细土地利用复杂变化影响的时空效应,对于预测未来新建站点对土地利用的影响以及规划方案的调整与优化具有重要的指导意义。本文提出结合历史高分遥感影像与POI数据获取多时间节点精细土地利用信息的方法,并以广州市二号和八号地铁线为例,结合逐步回归模型与站点用地功能分类,从时间和空间两个维度定量研究地铁对土地利用转变的复杂影响过程与空间差异规律。结果表明,轨道交通促使站点周边低密度居住用地向商业用地、高密度居住用地等高效益土地利用方式的转变;轨道交通在规划、建设、运营不同阶段对于周边土地利用的影响呈现显著的差异规律;地铁站点对土地利用变化影响规律具有明显的空间异质性特征,与站点在城市里的位置以及站点周边的土地利用有关,对城市中心区域的影响较小,对郊区的影响主要与可用的非建设用地面积相关,而工业用地对土地利用变化具有限制作用;轨道交通还带来用地功能和性质的转变,这样的转变大多发生在地铁站点开通运营的时间点。