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181.
Sokrat Amataj Todor Anovski Ralf Benischke Romeo Eftimi Laurence L. Gourcy Liliana Kola Ioannis Leontiadis Eftim Micevski Alqiviadis Stamos Jovan Zoto 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(5):749-753
Prespa Lake and Ohrid Lake constitute a hydraulic system shared between Albania, FYR of Macedonia and Greece. Karst rocks
separate both lakes. The elevation of Prespa Lake is about 150 m higher than that of Ohrid Lake. Considering these facts,
Cvijić formulated in 1906 the hypothesis that Prespa Lake recharges the St. Naum and Tushemisht springs at Ohrid lakeside.
Environmental isotopes demonstrated that Prespa Lake recharges about 37–42 and 52–54% of water emerging in St. Naum, and Tushemisht
springs, respectively. An artificial tracer experiment carried out in 2002 physically demonstrated the underground connection
between both lakes. This experiment confirmed the supposed underground connection and brought important information about
the groundwater velocity, transit time, and karst water conduits development. 相似文献
182.
采用有机溶剂与蒸馏水混和浸提杉木枯枝落叶腐解9个月后化感物质,应用杉木种子发芽试验进行生物检测.结果表明:杉木枯枝落叶腐解9个月后,杉木枯枝落叶中的弱极性化感物质对绝对发芽率、绝对发芽势、胚根长、胚轴长及干物质量等指标表现为抑制作用,对鲜物质量则表现为轻微的促进作用;极性化感物质对杉木种子发芽各指标均等表现为抑制作用.腐解土中的弱极性化感物质对杉木种子发芽各指标均表现为抑制作用,极性化感物质对绝对发芽率、绝对发芽势、胚轴长及干物质量等表现为抑制作用,但对胚根长、鲜物质量表现为促进作用. 相似文献
183.
威连滩冲沟砂黄土的风蚀与降雨侵蚀模拟实验 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过风洞与模拟降雨实验,研究了风力与降雨对青海省贵南县威连滩冲沟砂黄土的复合侵蚀作用。实验得出:①风蚀后的降雨使砂黄土表面在风干过程中形成了一层较为坚硬的结壳,增大了土壤的抗蚀性,降低了第二次风洞实验后期的风蚀率;②土壤水分与人为扰动是影响土壤风蚀的两个重要因素。当土壤水分较小时,风蚀率受人为扰动影响巨大;当土壤水分较大时,人为扰动对土壤风蚀的影响较小;③在持续降雨的实验条件下,砂黄土的产流、产沙量随着雨强的变化而改变。这种变化与表土的侵蚀率、可蚀性物质的多少、土壤水分以及土壤的入渗率等都有很大的关系。 相似文献
184.
Natural bedrock rivers flow in self‐formed channels and form diverse erosional morphologies. The parameters that collectively define channel morphology (e.g. width, slope, bed roughness, bedrock exposure, sediment size distribution) all influence river incision rates and dynamically adjust in poorly understood ways to imposed fluid and sediment fluxes. To explore the mechanics of river incision, we conducted laboratory experiments in which the complexities of natural bedrock channels were reduced to a homogenous brittle substrate (sand and cement), a single sediment size primarily transported as bedload, a single erosion mechanism (abrasion) and sediment‐starved transport conditions. We find that patterns of erosion both create and are sensitive functions of the evolving bed topography because of feedbacks between the turbulent flow field, sediment transport and bottom roughness. Abrasion only occurs where sediment impacts the bed, and so positive feedback occurs between the sediment preferentially drawn to topographic lows by gravity and the further erosion of these lows. However, the spatial focusing of erosion results in tortuous flow paths and erosional forms (inner channels, scoops, potholes), which dissipate flow energy. This energy dissipation is a negative feedback that reduces sediment transport capacity, inhibiting further incision and ultimately leading to channel morphologies adjusted to just transport the imposed sediment load. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
185.
Saltmarsh vegetation significantly influences tidal currents and sediment deposition by decelerating the water velocity in the canopy. In order to complement previous field results, detailed profiles of velocity and turbulence were measured in a laboratory flume. Natural Spartina anglica plants were installed in a 3 m length test section in a straight, recirculating flume. Different vegetation densities, water depths and surface velocities were investigated. The logarithmic velocity profile, which existed in front of the vegetation, was altered gradually to a skimming-flow profile, typical for submerged saltmarsh vegetation. The flow reduction in the denser part of the canopy also induced an upward flow (the current was partially deflected by the canopy). The skimming flow was accompanied by a zone of high turbulence co-located with the strongest velocity gradient. This gradient moved upward and the turbulence increased with distance from the edge of the vegetation. Below the skimming flow, the velocity and the turbulence were low. The structure of the flow in the canopy was relatively stable 2 m into the vegetation. The roughness length (z0) of the vegetation depends only on the vegetation characteristics, and is not sensitive to the current velocity or the water depth. Both the reduced turbulence in the dense canopy and the high turbulence at the top of the canopy should increase sediment deposition. On the other hand, the high turbulence zone just beyond the vegetation edge and the oblique upward flow may produce reduced sedimentation; a phenomenon that was observed near the vegetation edge in the field. 相似文献
186.
Pb and Th in settling particles in the western Northwest Pacific Ocean: Particle flux and scavenging
A mooring of three conical time-series sediment traps was deployed at two sites in the western Northwest Pacific Ocean for 9 months. Total mass fluxes and activities of 210Pb and 230Th were determined for the settling particles to elucidate their scavenging and transport processes. Sediment samples also were analyzed for 210Pb activities. Total mass fluxes, 210Pb fluxes and 230Th fluxes showed large seasonal variations and their weighted mean fluxes tended to increase with depth, with an especially large increase near-bottom. The ratios of the observed 210Pb fluxes to the 210Pb deficiency fluxes in the upper traps at the two sites were only 0.02 and 0.12, and were attributable to advective export of 210Pb from the surface waters. Those ratios in the near-bottom traps ranged between 1.22 and 2.63. This suggests that these high ratios are due to effective particle scavenging, large lateral 210Pb import and input of resuspended particles that have not become incorporated into the sediments. The mean total 230Th fluxes at the near-bottom traps were 4.2–6.7 times higher than that expected from production in the overlying water column. The 210Pb activities in the surficial sediments were much lower than those in the near-bottom traps. The 210Pb accumulation rates estimated from the excess 210Pb inventory in the sediment column were 40–70% higher than the mean 210Pb fluxes at the near-bottom traps. The ratios of the 210Pb accumulation rates to the 210Pb deficiency fluxes at the near-bottom traps ranged between 2.0 and 3.7. The high fluxes of particulate 210Pb and 230Th at the near-bottom traps reflected a combination of enhanced scavenging of dissolved nuclides and the lateral redistribution of particulate matter by downslope and alongshore transports. However, it was not possible to discriminate among the various processes contributing to high nuclide fluxes. 相似文献
187.
188.
Sagnac型干涉成像光谱仪研制及干涉成像光谱实验 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
空间调制干涉成像(傅里叶变换)光谱仪(SMIFTS)是一种有重要的研究和应用价值的空间遥感器。依据应用要求和信噪比方程设计并研制了Sagnac型干涉成像(傅里叶变换)光谱仪原理样机。用该样机进行了实验室干涉成像光谱实验,获取了较为清晰的可见光、近红外谱段干涉成像图像。对其中各像元的干涉图进行数据处理和计算,提取出了光谱特征明显的成像光谱图像和与被测图样光谱特征相符的像元光谱。由实测光谱辐射亮度曲线反演计算出的光谱反射曲线与标准仪器测得的图样光谱反射特性曲线进行了比较,结果表明二者对应相似。 相似文献
189.
721矿山南铀矿石微生物槽浸的适应性实验研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
以山南铀矿石为研究对象,探讨了微生物槽浸铀实验过程中有关参数(Fe^3 ,Fe^2 ,pH,Eh,U)的变化规律。在此基础上,评价了山南铀矿石微生物槽浸的适应性。 相似文献
190.