Petrographic and mineralogical study of hydrothermal alteration of the Rokko Granite at Hakusui-kyo and Horai-kyo along the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line in western Japan

Field, hand specimen, and microscopic investigations alongside X-ray diffraction analyses revealed four types of hydrothermal alteration (Type-A, -B, -C, and -D) based on the mode of occurrence of altered rocks and alteration mineral assemblage at Hakusui-kyo and Horai-kyo along the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line (ATTL) in western Japan. Type-A alteration locally occurred as gray alteration halos with sulfide minerals. Type-B and -C alterations were confined to fault gouge veins and occurred as greenish-gray veins and brown veins, respectively. Type-C alteration crosscut Type-B alteration. These alterations were associated with a number of granitic fragments including cohesive breccia and micrographic facies. Type-D alteration occurred locally in brown sediments. Different mineralogical features in the four alterations are summarized as (Type-A) illite; (Type-B) chlorite; (Type-C) limonite (Fe³⁺ hydroxides and goethite) and calcite; and (Type-D) limonite. We propose that the alterations can be broadly divided into Paleocene hydrothermal alteration (Type-A) and post-Late Miocene hydrothermal alteration (Type-B, -C, and -D): Type-A alteration occurred at approximately 200 °C during hydrothermal activity after a granitic intrusion in Late Cretaceous; Type-B, -C and -D alterations occurred under hydrothermal activity accompanying deep fluids with repeated ascents invoked by the seismicity of the ATTL after the Late Miocene. The fluids may have been the “Arima-type thermal waters” (i.e., mixtures of convective groundwater and Na-Ca-Cl-HCO₃-type fluids). Type-B alteration occurred in fractures at depths where the temperature was ≥150 °C. Type-C alteration overprinted Type-B alteration as a result of mixing of new deep fluids and descending oxidized meteoric water near the surface. Fe³⁺ hydroxides and calcite precipitated from the fluids due to the oxidation of Fe²⁺ and the degassing of CO₂, respectively, at ambient to near-boiling temperatures. When the ascending fluids gushed out from the fractures, they generated Type-D alteration at the surface under similar temperature conditions due to the oxidation of Fe²⁺.     

西藏南部康马岩体岩石类型及其同位素测年

康马岩体位于西藏南部康马县城北侧 ,其内部可划分出 5种不同的岩石类型 :(1)片麻状黑云二长花岗岩 ;(2 )眼球状黑云二长花岗岩 ;(3)片麻状二云母二长花岗岩 ;(4 )弱片麻状细粒黑云二长花岗岩 ;(5 )变质的暗色辉长辉绿岩。前两类为康马岩体的主体岩石类型 ,侵位时代为加里东早期 (约4 78～ 4 6 1Ma) ;其余均呈脉状产出 ,其中片麻状二云母二长花岗岩与康马岩体主体岩石类型属于同期产物 ,弱片麻状细粒黑云二长花岗岩形成于海西早期 ((339.0± 1.2 )Ma) ,暗色辉长辉绿岩的形成时代目前还不十分清楚。不同类型的岩石其Ar Ar冷却年龄约为 18～ 14Ma。     

内蒙古敖汉旗早三叠世正长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征

正近些年研究显示华北地台北缘存在一条近东西向展布的早三叠世后造山的花岗岩带,在吉林东部,内蒙古中部及西部地区具有发现,但在赤峰敖汉旗地区还未见报道。本次工作在敖汉旗区域地质调查过程中,从原来侏罗纪岩体中重新厘定出一套正长花岗岩,本文对其年代学及地球化学进行介绍,以探讨华北地台北缘中段-东段过渡带的古亚洲洋闭合时限。     

从哥伦比亚超大陆裂解事件论古/中元古代的界限

国际前寒武纪地层表中始终把古/中元古代的界线置于1. 6Ga,我国则一直将这一界线置于1. 8Ga。存在认识分歧的根本原因是对1. 8Ga前后时期地质事件及其性质的理解与认识的差异或偏颇。本文通过阐述1. 8～1. 6Ga期间地质事件及其性质,重点分析和讨论古/中元古代(界)界限的划分及相关地质事件的标志与意义。大量的地质资料显示,超大陆从1. 8～1. 75Ga开始裂解,形成一系列的陆内盆地,如北美(劳伦古陆)的Thelon盆地、澳大利亚北部的Leichhardt超级盆地、南美巴西圣弗兰西斯科盆地、华北南缘的熊耳裂谷盆地以及扬子地块西南缘的东川盆地等。在这些盆地形成的早期沉积了冲积扇相、河流相的碎屑岩,之后伴有较广泛的火山岩喷发,中晚期从河流相、湖相碎屑岩沉积过渡到浅海碳酸盐台地沉积,反映一个拉伸裂解的过程。在复原的哥伦比亚超大陆内,广泛分布有1. 78～1. 72Ga的非造山花岗岩,包括AMCG组合(斜长岩、纹长二长岩、紫苏花岗岩和花岗岩)、环斑花岗岩、A型花岗岩等,以及广泛分布的基性岩墙群。这些岩浆岩都反映了拉伸裂解的地球动力学背景。在1. 8～1. 6Ga,不论是沉积事件还是岩浆事件,绝大部分与超大陆的拉伸裂解有关,并未显示造山作用、大陆固结和克拉通化的特点,用固结纪来概括这一阶段地质事件的性质并不合适。哥伦比亚超大陆上的许多盆地在1. 6Ga左右经历了一次广泛的抬升,使沉积作用短时间间断,之后原有盆地继续发展,接受了更广泛的沉积,这种沉积作用可以一直延续到1. 4～1. 3Ga左右。与裂解有关的岩浆事件也以幕式方式从1. 78Ga一直断续持续到1. 4～1. 32Ga左右。从1. 8Ga(或1. 78Ga)到1. 4～1. 3Ga,不论是盆地的沉积事件还是与裂解有关的岩浆事件,基本是连续的。以1. 6Ga作为年代界线划分古/中元古代,人为地隔断了连续的沉积事件和岩浆事件,显然与"尽可能少地截断沉积作用、火成侵位或造山运动的主要序列"的前寒武纪地层划分原则相悖。连续的裂谷盆地沉积事件和非造山岩浆事件可以追溯到1. 8Ga(或1. 78Ga)。因此,我们建议将古/中元古代的界线置于1. 8Ga或1. 78Ga。考虑到裂谷作用的本质是在已有超大陆或克拉通的基础上盖层的发育过程,因此我们建议将～1. 8Ga或1. 78～1. 4Ga都归入盖层系。     

片麻岩穹窿与伟晶岩型锂矿的成矿规律探讨

"片麻岩穹窿"是指中下地壳热动力过程产生的与岩浆作用(或混合岩化作用)密切相关的穹状构造,是折返造山的产物.片麻岩穹窿的形成经历了从垂直上升的地壳流导致的岩浆上涌的挤压收缩到岩体侵位的顶部伸展机制的转化过程,这一过程有利于富含锂-铯-钽型(LCT)型伟晶岩的生成和锂族元素的富集.研究表明,位于青藏高原北部的中国松潘-甘孜-甜水海印支造山带是中国大型"伟晶岩型"锂矿资源赋存的基地,松潘-甘孜东南部的超大型甲基卡型伟晶岩型锂矿带,产于具有巴罗式"低/中压-高温"变质组合的三叠纪复理石围岩中,早中生代花岗岩以及衍生的大量含锂稀土矿物的伟晶岩脉侵位有成因关系.研究认为,探究片麻岩穹窿的形成过程和构造成因机制;识别花岗岩-含矿伟晶岩的地球化学属性,揭示花岗岩浆分异作用与含矿伟晶岩相演变的成因联系,以及锂元素迁移、富集熔浆的过程;圈定三叠纪地层中巴罗式变质相带的展布,探明富锂伟晶岩矿带赋存的有利变质相带及形成的P-T条件;揭示"变形-变质-岩浆深熔-成矿"的时空耦合、制约与相互作用,再造造山过程中锂资源富集和保存的规律,以及建立成矿动力学模式;是揭示片麻岩穹窿与伟晶岩型锂矿的成矿规律的重要科学途径.     

南岭于都——赣县矿集区银坑示范区重磁资料探测花岗岩分布研究

银坑示范区位于中国东南部南岭东段于都—赣县矿集区内的银坑镇,具有良好的找矿前景。该区花岗岩与成矿关系密切。因此,系统探查花岗岩体分布是深部找矿的关键问题之一。笔者主要利用重力、磁力平面资料,并结合物性、地质、电法、地震等资料,综合研究了该区花岗岩空间分布特征。首先研究推断了该区6个花岗岩体的平面分布,其中,江背岩体、长潭岩体、高山角岩体为部分隐伏岩体;柳木坑岩体、葛凹圩浅部岩体和葛凹圩深部岩体为完全隐伏岩体。6个岩体总体走向为NE和NNE向。然后利用研究区内4条剖面重(磁)资料反演了花岗岩的空间分布,进一步揭示了上述6个岩体的空间分布特征,其推断成果与利用平面重、磁资料推断成果一致,也与电法、地震剖面解释结果一致。     

Late Triassic granites from the northwestern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,the Dahongliutan example: petrogenesis and tectonic implications for the evolution of the Kangxiwa Palaeo-Tethys

The Dahongliutan granitic pluton consists of two-mica granites and is located in the eastern part of the Western Kunlun Orogen, northwestern Tibetan Plateau. Zircon separates from the pluton yield a SIMS U–Pb age of 217.5 ± 2.8 Ma. Rocks from the pluton contain relatively high and uniform SiO₂ (72.32–73.48 wt%) and total alkalis (Na₂O + K₂O = 8.07–8.67 wt%) and are peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic in composition. The Dahongliutan granites are relatively depleted in the high-field-strength elements and the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and have relatively high Rb, and low Ba and Sr concentrations. They contain low total rare earth element (REE) concentrations. The light REEs are strongly enriched relative to the HREEs, with (La/Yb)_N values of 28.56–37.01. The ε_Nd(t) values range from ?10.6 to ?8.8, and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7142–0.7210. Zircons from the pluton yield ε_Hf(t) values of ?13.8 to ?1.6, and δ¹⁸O = 10.5–11.6‰. Petrographic and geochemical features of the pluton indicate that the granites are S-type and were derived from parting melting of a mixture of metasedimentary and minor metaigneous sources in the middle–lower crust. Magmatic differentiation was dominated by the fractional crystallization of plagioclase, K-feldspar, muscovite, biotite, and accessory monazite, allanite, and Fe–Ti oxides. Regional granitoids were emplaced in the Early-to-Middle Triassic. Other younger granitoids, with ages of 240–200 Ma, are mostly I-type in character and were likely derived from multiple types of source rock, suggesting the source was heterogeneous Triassic crust. Such a scenario is consistent with their formation in a post-collisional setting. Our new data, combined with other geological evidence, suggest that the collision between the Tianshuihai and southern Kunlun terranes occurred between ca. 250 and 240 Ma, resulting in the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys. Post-collisional tectono-magmatic events may have occurred between 240 and 200 Ma.     

中阿尔泰造山带北缘早泥盆世构造环境探讨:来自托普色克他乌地区过铝质花岗岩年代学和地球化学的制约

中阿尔泰造山带北缘早泥盆世花岗岩的年代学和地球化学研究,对探讨该地区早泥盆世构造格架和演化过程具有重要意义。针对侵入于喀纳斯群哲里开特组的托普色克他乌花岗闪长岩体进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得其^( 206)Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为404 Ma±3.2 Ma(MSWD=0.32),为早泥盆世岩浆活动的产物。全岩地球化学分析表明,岩石具有高硅(w_SiO2     

内蒙古扎鲁特旗巴尔哲超大型矿床控矿因素分析

内蒙古巴尔哲矿床不仅是超大型的REE-Zr-Nb-Ta-Be多金属矿床,同时也是大型的U-Th矿床。通过野外地质观察、地面伽玛能谱测量、岩矿鉴定和室内数据处理等,发现铀、钍主要以类质同像的形式存在于矿石矿物中;铍和稀土元素的独立矿物以羟硅铍钇铈矿和独居石为主;铌、钽、锆主要赋存在铌铁矿、烧绿石和锆石中。另外,从构造、岩性及蚀变特征三方面,对巴尔哲矿床的控矿因素进行了详细解剖,研究表明,巴尔哲矿床的铀钍矿化与稀有稀土矿化密切共生,均赋存于强蚀变钠闪石花岗岩中,蚀变主要为钠长石化和硅化。该矿床主要受构造和碱性花岗岩体的控制,是构造和碱性花岗质岩浆演化的耦合产物。      

粤北佛冈岩体中粒斑状花岗岩地球化学、年代学及地质意义

佛冈岩体是南岭地区最大的复式岩基,主体岩性为中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,近期在佛冈岩体北缘新发现了大型离子吸附型稀土矿床。对佛冈花岗岩岩石样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,得出结晶年龄分别为160.5±2.9Ma、161.9±2.6Ma和164.5±2.4Ma,表明岩体形成于中晚侏罗世。岩体具有高硅、富碱富铝的特征(K2O/Na2O=1.48~2.17,A/CNK=1.05~1.27),属钙碱性过铝质钾玄质花岗岩;富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb、Nd、Zr和Hf等元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、La、Ce、Sr、P和Ti等元素,具明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.17~0.41)。初步研究结果表明,佛冈岩体主体由上地壳砂-泥质岩在高温条件下部分熔融而成,是陆壳改造型(即S型)花岗岩,形成于古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲的构造背景。