Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Late Ediacaran Rare-metalAlbite Granites of the Arabian-Nubian Shield

The Abu Dabbab albite granite(ADAG), in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt, hosts the most significant rare metal ore deposit in the northern part of the Neoproterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield. Here, we report detailed field,petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the ADAG, an isolated stock-like granitic body with sharp intrusive contacts against metamorphic country rocks, probably emplaced at about 600 Ma. The fine-grained porphyritic upper unit is a preserved remnant of the shallowly-emplaced apex of the magma chamber, whereas the medium-grained lower unit crystallized at deeper levels under subvolcanic conditions. The peraluminous leucocratic ADAG shares common geochemical characteristics with post-collisional intraplate A-type magmas. In addition to the conspicuous enrichment in Na2 O, the ADAG is remarkable for its anomalous concentrations of Ta, Nb, Li, Hf, Ga, Sn, Zn and heavy rare-earth elements. Nb-Ta minerals in the ADAG are mixed with Fe-Mn oxides, forming black patches that increase in abundance toward of the base of the intrusion. Columbite-tantalite, cassiterite and wolframite are the most important ore minerals.Pronounced negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu* = 0.10–0.24) reflect extreme magmatic fractionation and perhaps the effects of late fluid-rock interaction. The ADAG was most likely generated by partial melting of the juvenile middle crust of the ANS as the geotherm was elevated by erosional uplift following lithospheric delamination and it was emplaced at the intersection of lineations of structural weakness. Although formation of the ADAG and its primary enrichment in rare metals are essentially due to magmatic processes, late-stage metasomatism caused limited redistribution of rare metals. Fluid-driven subsolidus modification was limited to the apex of the magma chamber and drove development of greisen, amazonite, and quartz veins along fracture systems.     

兴安地块南段晚泥盆世包格德岩体时代的厘定及地质意义

中亚造山带东端兴安地块南段的包格德岩体由石英二长岩、二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩3种岩性组成,岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果分别为368±+1 Ma、364±1 Ma、355±1 Ma,为晚泥盆-早石炭世岩浆活动的产物;岩体的(Na2O+K2O)含量为7.62％～8.82％,K2O/Na2O值为0.93～4.21...     

西藏甲玛矿床南坑高分异Ⅰ型花岗斑岩及黑云母矿物学特征

高硅花岗岩对于理解浅部岩浆房的行为具有重要意义.本文对西藏甲玛矿区南坑矿段的花岗斑岩开展了岩相学、岩石地球化学及黑云母矿物学研究.结果显示,该花岗斑岩具有高SiO2(73.39％～77.99％)、高K2O(4.34％～6.45％)和低P2O5(0.03％～0.06％)特征,铝饱和指数为0.97～0.98,富集Rb、Th...     

Archean (about 2500 Ma) anatexis in eastern North China Block

Two Neoarchean alkaline feldspar-rich granites sourced from partially melted granulite-facies granodioritic orthogneiss have been here recognised in the eastern part of the North China Block (NCB). These poorly foliated granites have previously been assumed to be Mesozoic in age and never dated, and so their significance has not been recognised until now. The first granite (AG1) is a porphyritic syenogranite with megacrystic K-feldspar, and the second (AG2) is a quartz syenite with perthitic megacryst. Zircons from the granites yield LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of 2499 ± 10 Ma (AG1), and 2492 ± 28 Ma (AG2), which are slightly younger than the granodioritic orthogneiss that they intrude with a crystallisation U-Pb age of 2537 ± 34 Ma. The younger granites have higher assays for SiO₂ (71.91% for AG1 and 73.22% for AG2) and K₂O (7.52% for AG1 and 8.37% for AG2), and much lower assays for their other major element than the granodioritic orthogneiss. All of the granodioritic orthogneiss and granite samples have similar trace element patterns, with depletion in Th, U, Nb, and Ti and enrichment in Rb, Ba, K, La, Ce, and P. This indicates that the granites are derived from the orthogneiss as partial melts. Although they exhibit a similar REE pattern, the granites have much lower total REE contents (30.97×10⁻⁶ for AG1, and 25.93×10⁻⁶ for AG2), but pronounced positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 8.57 for AG1 and 27.04 for AG2). The granodioritic orthogneiss has an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.70144, εNd(t) value of 3.5, and εHf(t) values ranging from −3.2 to +2.9. The orthogneiss is a product of fractional crystallisation from a dioritic magma, which was derived from a mantle source contaminated by melts derived from a felsic slab. By contrast, the AG1 sample has an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.6926 that is considered too low in value, εNd(t) value of 0.3, and εHf(t) values between +0.57 and +3.82; whereas the AG2 sample has an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.70152, εNd(t) value of 1.3, and εHf(t) values between +0.5 and +14.08. These assays indicate that a Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic disequilibrium exists between the granite and granodioritic orthogneiss. The elevated εHf(t) values of the granites can be explained by the involvement of Hf-bearing minerals, such as orthopyroxene, amphibole, and biotite, in anatectic reactions in the granodioritic orthogneiss. Based on the transitional relationship between the granites and granodioritic orthogneiss and the geochemical characteristics mentioned above, it is concluded that the granites are the product of rapid partial-melting of the granodioritic orthogneiss after granulite-facies metamorphism, and their crystallisation age of about 2500 Ma provides the minimum age of the metamorphism. This about 2500 Ma tectonic-metamorphic event in NCB is similar to the other cratons in India, Antarctica, northern and southern Australia, indicating a possible connection between these cratons during the Neoarchean.     

藏南拉康温泉地质特征及雄曲河谷两岸地热分布不均成因分析

西藏山南地区洛扎县雄曲河拉康段在600 m距离内出露温泉4处,仅1处位于河谷右岸;平硐勘查显示两岸岩性、产状、构造一致,地热异常却仅在左岸平硐内部显著,右岸平硐地热异常不明显.本次研究以此异常为出发点,通过片麻状花岗岩不同切面导热实验、片麻状花岗岩与板岩相同切面导热实验,温泉水δ2H,δ18O同位素测试分析等方法,探究...     

浙江洪公铝质A型花岗岩类的岩石地球化学及其构造环境

初步研究表明,以往被认为是典型的I型花岗岩质岩石的浙江洪公岩体应为铝质A型花岗岩质岩石。该岩体以高钾为特征,K2O 达5％以上,K2O/ Na2O＞1.2,准铝-过铝质（A/NKC=0.80 ～1.14）;FeO*/MgO比值大（平均14.20）,高于M型、S型和I型花岗岩;富含稀土元素（ΣREE=313.09×10-6～523.73×10-6）,具有较高的Ga/Al（′104）值（2.92～4.29）和（Zr+Nb+Ce+Y）元素组合值（551.5′10－6～987.4′10－6）,而亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等;Nd同位素模式年龄为1.3—1.6Ga,反映洪公岩体主要起源于地壳物质的部分熔融。区域背景、构造被动定位特点和地球化学综合分析表明,洪公岩体形成于拉张的构造环境。     

北京怀柔云蒙山地区花岗岩风化过程的地球化学基因

地球化学基因是近两年提出的一种新的地球化学示踪技术,本文选择北京怀柔云蒙山地区两个邻近的花岗岩风化剖面(编号为B和C)来分析岩性地球化学基因和金矿化地球化学基因的属性特征.剖面B样品的化学蚀变指数CIA变化为51.3～58.9,WIG的范围为89.4～68.6,属于初始风化程度;剖面C样品的CIA变化为52.4～78....     

中哈俄阿尔泰稀有金属矿床时空分布、成因及成矿规律

中哈俄阿尔泰发育许多大型—超大型稀有金属矿床,是世界著名的稀有金属成矿省.该成矿省可分为3个稀有金属成矿带,自西南向东北依次为哈萨克斯坦Kalba-Narym、中国阿尔泰和俄罗斯山区阿尔泰等.这3个成矿带稀有金属矿床以伟晶岩型为主,但伟晶岩与花岗岩关系及其伟晶岩成因不一致:在哈萨克斯坦Kalba-Narym成矿带和俄罗...     

塔里木北缘库鲁克塔格地区新元古代花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

采用LA-ICP-MS法分析了塔里木北缘库鲁克塔格一带二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄,获得该二长花岗岩岩体的年龄为(832.3 ±3.3) Ma(MSWD =2.8,n=24).岩石地球化学特征显示,二长花岗岩属于准铝质高钾钙碱性系列,为Ⅰ型花岗岩.微量元素富集大离子亲石元素(LILE) Ba、K、Sr、U等,亏损高场强元...     

新疆萨吾尔地区两类花岗岩Nd、Sr、Pb、O同位素特征

新疆西准噶尔萨吾尔地区森塔斯岩体和沃肯萨拉岩体为I型花岗岩,侵入于早石炭世末,具有偏碱性特点,形成于后碰撞阶段的伸展期或挤压—伸展转变期;阔依塔斯岩体和恰其海岩体为A2型花岗岩,侵入于早二叠世初,形成于后碰撞阶段伸展期张性构造环境中。I型花岗岩和A型花岗岩的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素特征相似,显示出幔源特征,它们是同源岩浆不同演化阶段的产物。两类花岗岩在O同位素以及稀土元素特征上存在明显差异。西准噶尔萨吾尔地区I型花岗岩(森塔斯岩体和沃肯萨拉岩体)以及A型花岗岩(阔依塔斯岩体和恰其海岩体)的发育,进一步证实了晚古生代区内地壳的垂向增生作用。对比研究表明,可以将西准噶尔萨吾尔地区的A型花岗岩归入东准噶尔乌伦古富碱火成岩带。