The non‐stationary cross‐correlation coefficients in the seismic analysis of MDOF structural systems

A method concerning the evaluation, in a very compact form, of the non‐stationary modal cross‐correlation coefficients of MDOF structural systems subjected to seismic excitations is presented. It is available both in the case when the excitation is considered as a white‐noise process and when it is considered as a filtered process. The evaluation of these coefficients is required when a transient seismic analysis is performed by the use of the modal response spectrum approach. This is necessary when the strong‐motion phase of the earthquake is significantly short with respect to the fundamental period of the structure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一场地震谣传风波的启示

2001年7月28日夜山西省运城市出现了地震谣传，为从此次事件中吸取教训，对山西省运城市地震局在平息此次地震谣传过程中所采取的措施进行了回顾，分析了地震谣传产生的原因，查找了防震减灾工作中的不足，指出了今后工作中的努力方向。     

塔里木西南喀什凹陷几个地质问题的新认识

喀什凹陷的主要构造样式为逆冲推覆构造，喀什凹陷南部前震旦系结晶基底于前锋带呈飞来蜂形式产出。喀什凹陷南部石炭系－下二叠统有4种沉积类型，并可建立塔西南C-P1有限洋盆－克拉通边缘深坳陷－克拉通内部坳陷碳酸盐岩沉积相模式。以构造、相变、同位素、古生物化石等为依据，认为前人所划T3或T3－J大多为J，T3仅为零星分布。以区域构造、沉积作用及沉积相带展布等为依据，对白垩纪－古近纪喀什凹陷原型盆地进行了分析；上新世以来帕米地块强烈向北逆冲，分割了曾经相互连通的塔里木－卡拉库姆地块。     

Indicator Pattern Combination for Mineral Resource Potential Mapping with the General C-F Model

As an uncertain reasoning model, the general C-F model was originally developed for processing the uncertainties of rule-based knowledge in the field of artificial intelligence. In this model, certainty factors and combined certainty factors are defined and used for expressing the strengths of knowledge rules and knowledge rule combinations, respectively. The certainty factor can reflect the believable degree of inferring hypothesis on the basis of a proof. Similarly, the combined certainty factor can reflect the believable degree of inferring hypothesis on the basis of the proof combination. It is a function of the related certainty factors and can be determined through combining the certainty factors via the combining rule of the general C-F model. In this paper, the general C-F model has been successfully applied to mineral resource potential mapping. We call this model as the applied form of the general C-F model. In this applied form, the certainty factor is applied to expressing the believable degree of inferring mineral occurrence on the basis of one of the map pattern states associated with the mineral occurrence. Correspondingly, the combined certainty factor is applied to expressing the believable degree of inferring the mineral occurrence on the basis of the map pattern state association. And it is also applied to expressing mineral resource potentials in the mineral resource potential mapping. In the current form, the first step in implementing the general C-F model is to estimate a pair of certainty factors for each map pattern under combination. The next step is to determine the combined certainty factor for the map pattern states coexisting in each locality of the mapping area. The last step is to generate the combined-certainty-factor raster map or the combined-certainty-factor contour map in order to select mineral resource targets. The applied form of the general C-F model is demonstrated on a case study to select mineral resource targets. The experimental results manifest that the model can be compared with the weights-of-evidence model in the effectiveness of mineral resource target selection.     

On knowing what trees to plant: local and expert perspectives in the Western Ghats of Karnataka

This paper investigates the ways in which different groups of people arrive at decisions regarding what tree species to plant. Data is drawn from a case study of afforestation that is taking place under the policy of Joint Forest Planning and Management in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Whilst there is a clear disparity between villager and Forest Department preferences, this difference is not simply a case of Forest Department ‘science’ pitted against villagers’ ‘local knowledge’. On the one hand, both villagers and the Forest Department employ empirical evidence to inform their preferences; on the other hand, decision making goes beyond this, being influenced by a range of institutional and cultural issues. This paper identifies obstacles to a complementary working relationship between local and expert knowledge and considers the resulting management implications.     

The effect of Holocene temperature fluctuations on the evolution and ecology of Neotoma (woodrats) in Idaho and northwestern Utah

Animals respond to climatic change by adapting or by altering distributional patterns. How an animal responds is influenced by where it is positioned within its geographic range; the probability of extirpation is increased near range boundaries. Here, we examine the impact of Holocene climatic fluctuations on a small mammalian herbivore, the bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea), at five locations within south central Idaho and northwestern Utah. Previous work demonstrated that woodrats adapt to temperature shifts by altering body size. We focus here on the relationship between body mass, temperature, and location within the geographic range. Body mass is estimated by measuring fossil fecal pellets, a technique validated in earlier work. Overall, we find the predicted phenotypic response to climate change: animals were larger during cold periods, and smaller during warmer episodes. However, we also identify several time periods when changes in environmental temperature exceeded the adaptive flexibility of N. cinerea. A smaller-bodied species, the desert woodrat (N. lepida) apparently invaded lower elevation sites during the mid-Holocene, despite being behaviorally and physically subordinate to N. cinerea. Analysis of contemporary patterns of body size and thermal tolerances for both woodrat species suggests this was because of the greater heat tolerance of N. lepida. The robust spatial relationship between contemporary body size and ambient temperature is used as a proxy to reconstruct local climate during the Holocene.     

知识经济与中国城市更新

知识经济是人类社会发展的最新阶段，新的经济形态必将对我国的城市发展和城市更新起到深远的影响。我国目前仍处于工业化进程的中期阶段，但知识经济的影响已经不容忽视。为了我国城市在未来更能适应知识经济的要求，作者对我国现阶段的城市更新提出了若干建议。     

Scale and the other: Levinas and geography

This paper seeks to contribute to Geography's recent conversation of identity, landscape, scale and difference. It brings into dialogue previously divergent discussions about space, place and difference and proposes an approach that treats time, space, place and scale as co-equal conceptual and/or analytical elements of cultural landscapes. It argues that many philosophical debates about embodiment, emplacement and difference abstract a universalized notion of `place', `body' and `self' which confounds and conflates scale issues and consequently confuses the dialectical interplay of `time', `space', `being' and `culture' across scales. The paper takes the work of Emmanuel Levinas (1906-1995) and the discursive communities around it as a philosophical entry point into these debates.     

新桥硫铁矿伴生金银赋存状态及分布规律

系统阐述了新桥矿伴生金银的赋存状态和分布规律 ,对综合利用矿产资源 ,提高金银的回收率 ,以及深部资源预测、外围找矿均具有一定的指导意义