K油田开发中的砂体成像及油藏描述

K油田位于哈萨克斯坦南图尔盖盆地阿克赛隆起带上,主要产层为白垩系底砂岩及侏罗系河道砂。油田区南北跨度较大,油藏类型多样,砂体边界识别困难。该油田在2000年之后逐步投入开发,但在开发过程中发现相邻井的出油情况差异较大,油水关系复杂,油田需要提高对油藏的识别精度来应对新一轮增储上产及井网调整问题。利用敏感属性分析、3D可视化模块、地质统计反演等技术,重新认识和评价了K区油藏特征,识别区内多个独立油藏,厘清油藏间的油水关系,总结该区不同油藏类型的含油气规律,就目前困扰K油田勘探开发工作的问题给出解答。     

Data-driven modelling approaches for socio-hydrology: opportunities and challenges within the Panta Rhei Science Plan

ABSTRACT

“Panta Rhei – Everything Flows” is the science plan for the International Association of Hydrological Sciences scientific decade 2013–2023. It is founded on the need for improved understanding of the mutual, two-way interactions occurring at the interface of hydrology and society, and their role in influencing future hydrologic system change. It calls for strategic research effort focused on the delivery of coupled, socio-hydrologic models. In this paper we explore and synthesize opportunities and challenges that socio-hydrology presents for data-driven modelling. We highlight the potential for a new era of collaboration between data-driven and more physically-based modellers that should improve our ability to model and manage socio-hydrologic systems. Crucially, we approach data-driven, conceptual and physical modelling paradigms as being complementary rather than competing, positioning them along a continuum of modelling approaches that reflects the relative extent to which hypotheses and/or data are available to inform the model development process.

EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis; ASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned     

不同结构性黄土的强度规律及传统强度准则适应性分析

在真三轴试验基础上揭示了多种不同结构性原状黄土的强度变化规律,分析了在岩土工程实践中常用的Mohr-Coulomb准则和Matsuoka-Nakai准则对不同结构性原状黄土的适应性。结果表明:当结构性黄土的强度越大时,其在π平面上的破坏线越接近于抹圆曲边三角形,反之其在π平面上的破坏线越接近于抹圆角三角形;结构性黄土随着结构性的增大在π平面上的强度破坏线从抹圆角三角形逐渐向抹圆曲边三角形发展,最终趋近于Mises圆;两个强度准则所描述的强度都比结构性原状黄土的实际强度值小,Mohr-Coulomb准则的误差比Matsuoka-Nakai准则的误差大,并且随着结构性的增强其误差也逐渐增大。     

Neighborhood Factors Associated with Same-Sex Households in U.S. Cities

Quality of life cannot be fully described by the availability of regional amenities. Instead, it also depends on the quality of neighborhoods and housing. In connection with discussions on knowledge workers, not much systematic research has been done on the characteristics of neighborhoods characterized by high proportions of same-sex households. By analyzing census tracts within select counties across the United States using Poisson regressions, this article investigates what factors are related to the number of same-sex households.     

一种GIS空间知识分析的影像纹理尺度提取算法

本文提出了一种基于GIS领域空间知识的影像纹理尺度提取方法:该方法分析了GIS领域知识辅助下人类对纹理特征的认知过程,对4个步骤的具体实现算法进行探讨;并选取海南省昌江县作为研究区域,实验证明了本方法的有效性,且与传统的枚举法相比,在性能相近的情况下其效率显著提高,更适合于大数据量遥感影像分类运算。     

Building extraction from LIDAR based semantic analysis

Extraction of buildings from LIDAR data has been an active research field in recent years. A scheme for building detection and reconstruction from LIDAR data is presented with an object-oriented method which is based on the buildings' semantic rules. Two key steps are discussed: how to group the discrete LIDAR points into single objects and how to establish the buildings' semantic rules. In the end, the buildings are reconstructed in 3D form and three common parametric building models (flat, gabled, hipped) are implemented.     

A progressive line simplification algorithm

An application of line simplification considering spatial knowledge is described. A method for identifying potential conflict regions, in order to avoid the self-intersection of generalized, lines, is also discussed. Further-more, a new progressive line simplification algorithm is presented. From the view point of spatial cognition, a spatial hierarchical structure is proposed, and its application to construction of spatial knowledge related to a line is explained.     

Detection and correction of inconsistencies between river networks and contour data by spatial constraint knowledge

In the representation of topographic data, the distribution of hydrographic networks should be constrained by the contour model’s landform features. During the integration of topographic databases, however, spatial conflicts may destroy these constraints, generating inconsistencies. This study presents a method to detect and correct inconsistencies between river networks and contour data by spatial knowledge. First, structured terrain features are extracted from the contour-based geometric representation and matching relationships between rivers and contours are constructed based on spatial knowledge of the distribution of rivers and talwegs. We then propose a distance metric for measuring differences and identifying inconsistencies between the matched river and contour features. Three correction approaches are provided for different inconsistency situations, including river adjustment referenced to the contour, contour adjustment referenced to the river and adjustment of both river and contour to middle positions. We apply the proposed method to the integration and maintenance of national topographic infrastructure in order to demonstrate its effectiveness.     

地图的非物质文化内涵

从地图文化形态的特点和优势,可视化的地图实现,地图及其相关概念的数学表达以及科学和文化知识的积聚和传承等方面,论述了地图文化的丰富内涵.地图的非物质文化内涵是人类创造的精神财富,是人类智慧的结晶和社会发展的记录.     

Co-management and the co-production of knowledge: Learning to adapt in Canada's Arctic

Co-management institutional arrangements have an important role in creating conditions for social learning and adaptation in a rapidly changing Arctic environment, although how that works in practice has not been clearly articulated. This paper draws on three co-management cases from the Canadian Arctic to examine the role of knowledge co-production as an institutional trigger or mechanism to enable learning and adapting. Experience with knowledge co-production across the three cases is variable but outcomes illustrate how co-management actors are learning to learn through uncertainty and environmental change, or learning to be adaptive. Policy implications of this analysis are highlighted and include the importance of a long-term commitment to institution building, an enabling policy environment to sustain difficult social processes associated with knowledge co-production, and the value of diverse modes of communication, deliberation and social interaction.