基于GIS的岷江上游流域土地利用／覆被变化研究

以岷江上游流域为对象,选取3期9景TM/+ETM遥感影像,通过多步骤最大似然监督分类、变化检测,结合空间动态分析测算模型,分析近20年土地利用/覆被变化情况。结果表明:从整个流域分析,林地面积减少,主要转化为未利用地、建设用地和耕地;未利用地在前8年以每年3.7%、后8年以每年0.4%的速度增加;建设用地在1994—2002年以每年34%的速度增加,到2002—2010年增长速度减缓;耕地总面积减少54 431hm2;从县域分析,1994—2002年间,松潘和黑水县大面积林地转为未利用地;2002—2010年间,松潘县未利用地转为林地和建设用地,茂县和汶川县未利用地面积大幅增加。该研究结论不仅为国土资源管理部门优化土地利用结构提供依据,亦为当地政府实现生态资源可持续发展提供数据支撑。     

改进的邻近四点法建筑物多边形化简算法

针对应用邻近四点法化简建筑物多边形时因实际数据的复杂性及该算法的不完善出现的效率下降和准确性降低问题,该文提出了一种基于邻近四点法建筑物多边形化简的改进算法。该方法排除了冗余点的干扰,避免运算耗时;细化了基本处理单元的分类,避免遗漏特殊结构类型基本处理单元的处理;对建筑物多边形进行了分类及实时标记,以达到在同时考虑基本处理单元和建筑物多边形的情况下实现建筑物多边形化简的目的。实验结果表明:此改进算法更加实用化,且提高了建筑物多边形化简的效率和准确性。     

综合纹理与光谱的土地利用模糊分类

针对利用TM影像进行土地利用传统分类精度不高的问题,该文提出了一种综合应用影像纹理与光谱特征对TM影像进行土地利用模糊分类的方法。采用主成分分析法对研究流域TM影像的光谱及纹理特征信息进行压缩与融合,并对融合后的TM影像数据进行3个组别的多尺度分割,在影像分割对象单元的基础上应用面向对象的模糊逻辑隶属度函数法实现影像的软语义分类。相对传统分类方法而言,该方法在充分利用影像光谱信息的基础上综合了影像的纹理信息,且分类理论思想更加符合人们对于客观事物的认知规律,分类精度有了显著的提高,为TM影像分类方法的改进提供一定的参考。     

可扩展的迭代自组织分析并行处理算法

随着遥感影像数据量的增加,传统非监督分类迭代自组织分析(ISODATA)算法的运算将十分耗时,应用并行计算技术能够有效解决该性能瓶颈。针对现有基于并行计算模型MapReduce的遥感迭代自组织分析并行算法存在的局限性,提出一种可扩展的基于MapReduce的迭代自组织分析并行处理算法。该算法通过其包含的全局子采样算法、聚类中心点集合过滤算法以及聚类映射算法,有效克服了现有并行算法中存在的不足。实验结果表明,在同等规模遥感计算中,该算法效率高于现有并行处理算法,具有良好的加速比,且在处理更大的影像块时具有更高的精度。     

Satellite-Based Assessment of the Extent and Changes in the Mangrove Ecosystem of the Niger Delta

This study was carried out with the primary aim of understanding how the mangrove ecosystem in the Niger Delta has been altered recently. Specifically, we determined the spatial extent of the mangrove forest in the Niger Delta using remotely sensed satellite data and estimated changes in the spatial extent of the forest from the mid-1980s through 2003. Overall, about 21,340 hectares of Mangrove forest was lost over the study period. Fieldwork confirmed that these losses were primarily due to urbanization, dredging activities, activities of the oil and gas industries, and the spread of Nypa Palm (Nypa frutican) plant species.     

数据融合技术在多源潮汐数据分析中的应用

为了充分利用现有潮汐数据以建立高精度的潮汐分析模型，在利用最小二乘法进行潮汐分析的基础上，将数据融合技术应用于具有多源潮汐数据的分析，提出潮汐数据的分类方法，建立了三种潮汐数据融合方案，推导了各种方案的数据融合公式，并分析了各种方案的特点及适用范围。     

An attenuation-based sediment classification technique using Chirp sub-bottom profiler data and laboratory acoustic analysis

A remote sediment classification technique based on attenuation measurements from Chirp sub-bottom profiler data is described. This differs from previously published work in that attenuation measurements are obtained for each stratigraphic unit within a complex, thinly interbedded sedimentary sequence. Compressional wave attenuation measurements are obtained for a wide variety of lithologies, including muds, silts, sands, clayey sands, silty clays and gravel lags, with grain sizes ranging from 8 Phi to -4 Phi. In addition, attenuation measurements from sub-bottom profiler data were calibrated against laboratory acoustic measurements of vibracores and seabed samples from corresponding geographic locations, under simulated in-situ conditions using a Pulse Tube method. We adapt an instantaneous frequency matching method using a causal attenuation filter to model the decay of the Chirp transmitted waveform. From this modelling, a relationship between t* (a causal attenuation operator) and change in instantaneous frequency is established. The Hilbert transform is used to extract instantaneous frequency information from Chirp seismic, which is used to derive attenuation information for selected individual stratigraphic layers imaged by the sub-bottom profiler. This paper draws attention to the limitations in comparing attenuation measurements derived from Chirp sub-bottom profiler data against previously published literature on experimental attenuation measurements, which are limited by the wide variance of these data, and the difficulty in finding a meaningful best fit to these data. This demonstrates the importance of calibrating remote sediment classification observations using complimentary acoustic analysis of seabed samples to generate a site-specific geoacoustic database. A positive correlation between laboratory and sub-bottom profiler attenuation measurements was obtained, with a correlation coefficient of 0.885. Poorly sorted gravels with a mixed lithic and biogenic pebble component are characterised by very high attenuation with values of Q from 4 to 19. These sediments are considerably coarser-grained than those typically described in previously published experimental studies.     

变性水团软划分的一种FUZZY模式

在已知研究海区水团核心的前提下,考虑到各种指标对标识水团的不同贡献,提出了一种水团软划分的FUZZY模式。利用1987年5—6月黄东海的温、盐和溶解氧实测资料进行计算,与已有成果作了对比,结果令人满意。     

海洋心血管药物及活性物质的研究现状与展望

按照海洋心血管活性成分的化学分类，本文较系统地列举了该领域中的研究成果和动态，对有代表意义的重点药物作较详细的评述，并探讨了有关海洋心血管药物研究工作的特点及发展前景。