边坡及其它类工程地质问题研究

本文提出有关边坡工程地质研究方面的一些新概念，看法和问题，并概述了属地这一专题的边坡及其它各类工程地质问题的研究成果。     

Lithospheric Stretching,Subsidence and Thermal History Modeling: Application to Yinggehai,Qiongdongnan and Songliao Basins in East China

ＬｉｔｈｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＳｔｒｅｔｃｈｉｎｇ，ＳｕｂｓｉｄｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｈｅｒｍａｌＨｉｓｔｏｒｙＭｏｄｅｌｉｎｇ：ＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｔｏＹｉｎｇｇｅｈａｉ，ＱｉｏｎｇｄｏｎｇｎａｎａｎｄＳｏｎｇｌｉａｏＢａｓｉｎｓｉｎＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａ＊Ｌｉ...     

ON BIO-EFFECTS ON KARST LANDSCAPE IN JIUZHAIGOU CONSERVATION, SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA—WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A MICROMORPHOLOFICAL APPROACH

1.ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｂｉｏｋａｒｓｔｓｔｒｅｔｃｈｆｒｏｍｎｉｎｅｔｅｅｎｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ,ｙｅｔｏｎｌｙｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ,ｍｏｒｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔａｎｄｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐｕｔｆｏｒｗａｒｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅｏｆｒｅｌａｔｅｄｓｐｅｃｉａｌｔｅｒｍｉｎｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｄｅｔａｉｌｅｄｒｅｖｉｅｗｓ[3,11,30,3638],ａｎｄｉｔｓｅｅｍｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｓｔｉｌｌｌａｃｋｏｆｂｉｏｋａｒｓｔｉｎａｌｐｉｎｅｅｎｖｉｒｏ…     

APPROACH TO KARST SOLUTION PROCESS RESPONSES ON CLIMATE

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｓａｋａｒｓｔｇｅｏｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｌａｎｄｆｏｒｍｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｈａｓｌｏｎｇｂｅｅｎｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄ.Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｋａｒｓｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓａｒｅａｌｍｏｓｔｅｎｔｉｒｅｌｙｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ,ｔｈｏｕｇｈｋａｒｓｔｌａｎｄｆｏｒｍｓａｒｅｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｂｕｔａｌｓｏｂｙｅｒｏｓｉｏｎ,ｔｈｅｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｋａｒｓｔｕｎ…     

The effects of the spinel—garnet phase transition on the formation of rifted sedimentary basins

We have examined the effects of the spinel-garnet phase transition on subsidence of extensional sedimentary basins. For a constant positive Clapeyron slope ( dP/dT ), the phase boundary moves downwards in the syn-rift and upwards in the post-rift phase. For a non-linear Clapeyron curve ( dP/dT > 0 above 900°C and dP/dT < 0 below 900°C), theory predicts for the reaction of the spinel-garnet phase transition, the direction of phase boundary movement is dependent on the stretching factor, the position of the Clapeyron curve and the lithospheric thickness. A smaller syn-rift and larger post-rift subsidence are predicted for a deeper phase boundary and a thicker lithosphere. The model with a non-linear Clapeyron curve is applied to the subsidence histories of a young extensional basin (Gulf of Lion) and an old continental margin (eastern Canada). The observed syn-rift uplift and the larger post-rift subsidence can be reasonably explained by this model, where the optimum depth of the phase boundary for eastern Canada (˜90 km) is consistent with the estimate from seismic observations and is larger than that for the Gulf of Lion (˜ 50 km). The depth of the spinel-garnet phase boundary is sensitive to the composition of mantle rocks and increases with the extraction of basaltic components from the lithosphere, compatible with our result that the phase boundary is deeper for an older and thicker lithosphere. Thus the surface movement associated with the rifting for these areas may reflect the chemical evolution of the continental lithosphere.     

Yucatán karst features and the size of Chicxulub crater

The buried Chicxulub impact structure is marked by a dramatic ring of sinkholes (called cenotes if containing water), and adjacent less prominent partial rings, which have been shown to coincide with maxima in horizontal gravity gradients and a topographic depression. These observations, along with the discreteness and spacing of the features, suggest a formation mechanism involving faulting in the outer slump zone of the crater, which would thus have a diameter of approximately 180 km.
An opposing view, based primarily on the interpretation of gravity data, is that (he crater is much larger than the cenote ring implies. Given the association of the known cenote ring with faults, we here examine northern Yucatan for similar rings in gravity, surface features and elevation, which we might expect to be associated with outer concentric faults in the case of a larger, possibly multiring, structure.
No such outer rings have been found, although definite patterns are seen in the distribution of karst features outside the crater rim. We explain these patterns as resulting mainly from deformation related to the block fault zone that parallels tbe shelf edge of eastern Yucatan.     

鄂尔多斯西南缘前陆盆地沉降和沉积过程模拟

本文将东祁东逆冲带与鄂尔多斯西南缘晚三叠世前陆盆地相结合，研究了逆冲带内部变形特征，前陆盆地中层序地层格架特征及其反映的盆缘构造性质和幕式逆作作用。     

The Uplift of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt and Subsidence of the West Sichuan Foreland Basin

Based on fission track dating of apatite, and measurement of vitrinite reflectance of rock samples from the Longmenshan (Longmen Mountain)area and the West Sichuan foreland basin and computer modelling it is concluded that (l)the Songpan-Garze fold belt has uplifted at least by 3-4 km with an uplift rate of no less than 0.3-0.4 mm/a since 10 Ma B.P.; (2) the Longmenshan thrust nappe belt has uplifted at least by 5-6 km with an uplift rate of more than 0.5- 0.6 mm /a since 10 Ma B.P.; (3) the Longmenshan detachment belt has uplifted by 1 - 2 km at a rate of 0.016-0.032 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (4) the West Sichuan foreland basin has uplifted by 1.7-3 km at a rate of 0.028-0.05 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (5) the uplift rate of the area on the west side of the Beichuan-Yingxiu-Xiaoguanzi fault for the last 10 Ma is 40 times as much as that on its east side; (6) the uplifting of the the Songpan - Garze fold belt and the subsidence of the West Sichuan foreland basin 60 Ma ago exhibit a mirro-image correlation, i.e     

碳酸盐岩地区电磁波场的特性分析

形成岩溶的高阻碳酸盐岩对电磁波的吸收较弱，而且成层沉积的特定环境使碳酸盐岩地区岩石的各向异性现象较明显，由于地空界面的存在及岩溶洞壁两侧介质电性差异明显，界面清晰，又使电磁波出现强烈的反射及散射现象，从理论上对碳酸盐岩地区电磁波传播的特有现象进行了研究和分析，并给出结论。     

Environmental and legal aspects of karst areas

 Environmental impacts on karst settings are common as they are more sensitive than those of other rock terrains. Regulatory procedures that are effective in other rock terrains are not necessarily applicable to karst settings. Development and exploitation by man that affect the karst hydrology regime can trigger catastrophic events and result in numerous legal actions where the effects of changes go beyond property boundaries. A great variety of regulations and examples of litigation exist for karst areas. Received: 25 October 1994 · Accepted: 17 October 1995