Groundwater regime and calculation of yield response in North China Plain: a case study of Luancheng County in Hebei Province

The groundwater table has been declining at a rate of 0.65 m/yr in Luancheng County since large scale groundwater extraction carried out in the 1960s. The drop of precipitation, substantial increase in agricultural output, variations of crop planting structure and construction of water conservancy projects in the headwater area all tie up with the decline of the groundwater table. On the basis of analyzing the hydrogeological conditions and the water resources utilization of Luancheng County, a three-dimensional groundwater flow model was developed to simulate the county’s groundwater flow through finite-difference method using Visual Modflow software. We divide the research field into four parts after analyzing the hydrogeological condition. Based on parameter calibration and adjustment using measured data, the hydraulic conductivity and specific yield were simulated. Using the calibrated model, we analyze the agricultural water saving potentiality and its influence on the groundwater. The results are as follows: (1) if we decrease the amount of water extracted by 0.14xl0⁸ m³, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.33 m; (2) if we decrease the water by 0.29x 10⁸m³, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.64 m; and (3) if we increase the water by 0.29 x 10⁸m³, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will decline by 0.45 m. So we can draw a conclusion that controlling the agricultural water use is an important way to prevent the decline of groundwater table.     

The 3D simulation and optimized management model of groundwater systems based on eco-environmental water demand

Through the study of mutual process between groundwater systems and eco-environmental water demand, the eco-environmental water demand is brought into groundwater systems model as the important water consumption item and unification of groundwater’s economic, environmental and ecological functions were taken into account. Based on eco-environmental water demand at Da’an in Jilin province, a three-dimensional simulation and optimized management model of groundwater systems was established. All water balance components of groundwater systems in 1998 and 1999 were simulated with this model and the best optimal exploitation scheme of groundwater systems in 2000 was determined, so that groundwater resource was efficiently utilized and good economic, ecologic and social benefits were obtained.     

Phénomènes karstiques fossiles et actuels au sein des formations métamorphiques silico-alumineuses de la nappe pan-africaine de Yaoundé (Sud-Cameroun)Fossil and present-time karstic phenomena in silico-aluminous metamorphic formations of the Pan-African nappe of Yaoundé (South-Cameroon)

Numerous karstic features have been recognised in the non-carbonaceous micaschists and gneisses of the Yaoundé Pan-African nappe, south of Cameroon. It is shown that their formation was controlled by the structural features of the rocks. The wells and the pipes in the bedrock outcrops point out a current karstification process, resulting from the plagioclase dissolution by the acid rain waters. Hill wall alveoli and caves, of pre-Miocene age, are exhumed features that were done by dissolution in the aquiferous underground. To cite this article: J.-P. Vicat et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 545–550.     

塔里木河下游地下水位与水化学成分关联度排序分析

根据2001年塔里木河下游第四次生态输水前后地下水位、水质变化的监测和取样分析资料。运用灰色关联分析法。对塔里木河下游地表生态输水前、后的地下水位与地下水化学成分进行了关联分析。分析研究表明，生态输水对地下水质的影响比较明显。在关联排序中。阴离子的SO4^2-、Cl^-以及阳离子的Ca^2 、Mg^2 与地下水位变化的关联性较强；pH值与地下水位的关联度最低。仅为0．534；矿化度与地下水位关联度最高,达到0．863。     

八宝喀斯特山区生态环境问题与治理措施

喀斯特峰丛山区生态系统特征有：结构简单，稳定性差，恢复困难等。其生态系统脆弱性表现为：（1）裸露型喀斯特山地坡度陡峻，土壤贫脊，耕地少而分散，水土保持能力差；（2）地下水文网发育导致地表水大量漏失，地下水位埋藏深，难以开采利用；（3）植被树种单一，生长缓慢，资源开发过程中易产生耕作粗放，水土流失，石漠化等环境问题，对其治理和恢复过程应是渐进式的：水－土－林，即首先要科学开发利用各种水资源，同时合理规划利用土地资源，其次要加速生态系统重建，使其形成良性循环发展方式。     

西部公路路基内部排水效果模拟研究

以半挖半填路基为例，讨论了各类地质单元与路基系统的作用及路基系统内部地下水运动特征，着重分析了地下水对路基边坡稳定性的控制作用，通过敏感性分析，阐明了降低路基边坡地下水位的必要性，研究了地下水对路基系统的作用机理；建立了路基排水的数学模型，对影响路基排水的降雨强度、渗沟间距、排水时间等因素进行了敏感分析；通过对路基系统渗透系数、入渗系数、降雨量及初始水头的不同取值，运用Modflow软件对排水效果进行了模拟；通过工程实例，验证了路基排水设计方案的合理性。     

广州新白云国际机场地基处理工程研究——高压注砂浆与袖阀管注浆相结合方法

广州新白云国际机场地基中广泛发育土洞、溶洞等不良工程地质现象，地基条件极其复杂。为保证构筑物的安全，在土、溶洞处理工程中采用了高压注砂浆与袖阀管注浆相结合的施工方法，通过对施工方法与技术要求的总结，归纳了质量控制要点，并概述了施工中容易出现的问题并提出处理措施。采用高压注砂浆与袖阀管注浆相结合的工艺，即加快了工程进度，降低了工即程造价，又达到预想的效果。     

贵州某机场的主要工程地质问题分析及其处理措施建议

贵州某机场为山区高填方机场，最大填方高度近60m，场址沟谷发育，基底为软硬交替的、顺倾向岩层的斜坡地区，笔者就该机场的主要工程地质问题一边坡稳定问题、沉降问题、地表水和地下水的排泄问题进行了不同程度的研究并提出了相应的处理措施。     

两种方法在地下水位估值中的应用

对于许多区域水资源问题,用数值方法进行潜水水流模拟时,需要给出每个节点上地下水位值。本文首先简单介绍了趋势面方法,然后着重阐述了泛克里格方法的基本原理及它们在地下水位估值中的应用,通过比较两种方法的计算结果可以得出泛克里格方法是进行地下水位估值的空间最优估计方法。     

利用核磁共振方法研究水文地质问题及应用实例

地面核磁共振找水方法是目前唯一直接找水的物探新方法。本文在介绍NMR方法原理的基础上,结合NMR方法技术特点和在中国的应用实例,论述了NMR方法在探测地下水、地下水资源评价等方面的效果,并提出了进一步开展新方法的工作建议。