Experimental study on the seismic response of braced reinforced concrete frame with irregular columns

A 15-storey K-braced reinforced concrete model frame with irregular columns, i.e., T-shaped, L-shaped, as well as +-shaped columns, was constructed and tested on the six-degree-of-freedom shaking table at the State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering in Tongji, China. Two types of earthquake records, El-Centro wave (south-north direction) and Shanghai artificial wave (SHAW) with various peak accelerations and principal-secondary sequences, were input and experimentally studied. Based on the shaking table tests and theoretical analysis, several observations can be made. The failure sequence of the model structure is brace→beam→column→joints, so that the design philosophy for several lines of defense has been achieved. Earthquake waves with different spectrums not only influence the magnitude and distribution of the earthquake force and the storey shear force, but also obviously affect the magnitude of the displacement response. The aftershock seismic response of previously damaged reinforced concrete braced frames with irregular columns possesses the equivalent elastic performance characteristic. Generally speaking, from the aspects of failure features and drift ratio, this type of reinforced concrete structure provides adequate earthquake resistance and can be promoted for use in China.     

Assessment of doline geometry using geophysics on the Quercy plateau karst (South France)

In the protection of karstic aquifers, the role played by dolines is of interest as these shallow structures can be preferential infiltration pathways for groundwater recharge. In this study, three depressions in South France (Orniac, Lot) were identified and characterized using combined geophysical methods. Apparent conductivity mapping allows precise definition of dolines corresponding to topographic depressions. It also reveals other dolines that are hidden by soil cover. Electrical resistivity and seismic refraction tomography provide detailed cross‐sections. Even though the dolines studied are close one to another, they exhibit great variability in shape and content. Moreover, time‐lapse data show that the most saturated regions are on the edges of the first doline. Such information helps to evaluate human impacts and forecast potential groundwater contamination. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Variance of collapse capacity of SDOF systems under earthquake excitations

The variance of collapse capacity is an important constituent of probabilistic methodologies used to evaluate the probability of collapse of structures subjected to earthquake ground motions. This study evaluates the effect of ground motion randomness (i.e. record‐to‐record (RTR) variability) and uncertainty in the deterioration parameters of single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems on the variance of collapse capacity. Collapse capacity is evaluated in terms of a relative intensity defined as the ratio of ground motion intensity to a structure strength parameter. The effect of RTR variability on the variance of collapse capacity is directly obtained by performing dynamic analyses of deteriorating hysteretic models for a set of representative ground motions. The first‐order second‐moment (FOSM) method is used to quantify the effect of deterioration parameter uncertainty. In addition to RTR variability, the results indicate that uncertainty in the displacement at the peak (cap) strength and the post‐capping stiffness significantly contribute to the variance of collapse capacity. If large dispersion of these parameters exists, the effect of uncertainty in deterioration parameters on the variance of collapse capacity may be comparable to that caused by RTR variability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical analysis of an embankment built on soft soil reinforced with deep mixing columns: Parametric study

The behaviour of an embankment built on normally consolidated soft soil reinforced with deep mixing columns is studied using a coupled soil–water formulation. The numerical predictions are analysed in terms of settlements, increments in vertical effective stresses and excess pore pressures. Firstly, the effectiveness of the use of deep mixing columns is studied. Afterwards, a parametric analysis is performed to study the influence on the soil-columns system of the replacement ratio (columns’ spacing), the deformability of the embankment and columns, and the coefficient of vertical permeability of the columns.     

Performance of quasilinear elastic constitutive models in simulation of geosynthetic encased columns

Past numerical simulations of geosynthetic encased columns (GECs) using different versions of the quasilinear elastic hyperbolic model for the encased granular material have, in certain cases, yielded unrealistic results. In this paper the cause of such results is investigated by performing three-dimensional finite element analyses of GECs in soft clay, utilizing three common functional forms of the hyperbolic model for the encased granular material. Results indicate that one form of the hyperbolic model can predict an unrealistic lateral response for GECs during application of load to the column. In addition, the inability of hyperbolic models to properly account for soil behavior near failure compromises their ability to realistically capture the behavior of encased granular soil in GECs. Modeling the behavior of soil near failure is essential for properly simulating the behavior of GECs, as soil shear failure is necessary to mobilize the tensile stresses in the encasement and improve the stress–displacement response of the GEC. Although this type of hyperbolic model behavior was demonstrated for the specific case of encased soil in a GEC, the limitations of the hyperbolic model described herein apply equally to other geotechnical problems in which some portion of the soil mass is at or near failure.     

塔里木盆地英买力-哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶型储层特征及成因

塔里木盆地近期获得重大突破的英买力-哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏在很大程度上受岩溶型储层发育的控制,深入总结其储层特征及成因机制对油气勘探开发具有重要意义.通过大量的岩芯、薄片、阴极发光、常规测井、成像测井及测试分析等资料进行综合研究,认为该区储层的基质孔渗极差,难以形成有利的储集空间,而次生孔隙(溶蚀孔洞、洞穴、...     

四川北川开茂水库岩溶发育规律及特征探讨

研究区岩溶形态有地表岩溶及地下岩溶,即为岩溶洼地、落水洞及地下岩溶体系.影响岩溶发育的因素有地层岩性、构造、地貌以及水交替条件;岩溶发育具有成层性;库尾的F1、F2断层破碎带附近、坝首及右库岸的三级阶地出露带岩溶较发育.     

桩孔内反复抽排地下水诱发地面塌陷成因分析及防治对策

某大桥位于贵州省中部一岩溶槽准谷内,上覆第四系土层厚3～12m,下伏基岩为灰岩和白云岩,地下水埋深0～2m,采用人工挖孔桩基础,以中等风化基岩作为地基持力层,设计86根桩,桩间距3～10m,施工期间,由于反复抽排地下水导致场地周边出现多处岩溶塌陷。本文在实地调查的基础上论述了其形成机制,并对类似工程提出了防治对策。     

利用稳定同位素技术研究广西桂江流域水体中碳的来源

本文对岩溶区不同类型样品中的有机碳同位素样品前处理的分离提纯技术进行了研究,并对广西桂江流域水体进行了稳定有机碳同位素分析.结果表明,C3植物对桂江水体可溶性有机碳(DOC)有很大比例的贡献,而水生生物对水体有机碳影响较小.抚河流域比漓江流域有较高的(DOC)含量,可能与非岩溶区土壤微生物活动强,土壤活性有机碳含量高有...     

云南岩溶石山区物探找水方法与实例分析

西南地区水资源短缺严重威胁到当地人民群众生活用水,也制约了本地区的经济发展。如何针对西南缺水地区水文地质特点,合理选择地球物理勘探综合技术方法寻找地下水,提高地下水勘查效率,是水文地质工作面临的十分重要问题。本文介绍了电导率成像系统和高密度电阻率法的基本原理、技术特点和适用范围,结合云南岩溶山区地下水勘查的应用实例,进行对比分析,圈定了含水岩溶带,确定了井位,有效解决了当地供水问题,说明了方法的有效性。提出西南地区地下水勘查建议,为今后的地下水资源利用工作提供借鉴。