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41.
Houyi ZHENG Congqiang LIU Zhongliang WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):174-174
Bedrock weathering and atmospheric deposition are the two primary sources of base cations (K^+, Na^+, Ca^2+ and Mg^2+) to forest ecosystems. Therefore, the key problem is to understand the relative inputs from these two sources and the cycling in the ecosystem. This study focuses on the effects of acid deposition on cation cycling in a small-forested karstic catchment in Guizhou Province. Sr isotope ratios were used as a tracer for understanding the transport process between the different cation pools: rock, soil, surface water, atmospheric deposition and plant. The samples of wet deposition, total deposition, throughfall, surface and ground waters, vegetation, and soil were monthly collected. The exchangeable Sr^2+ and Ca^2+ in soil samples were extracted by using 1 M ammonium acetate. The leaf-tissue samples were ashed at 550℃, and the residue was digested in ultrapure HClO4 and HNO3. All water samples were filtrated through 0.45 μm aperture filter paper. Base cation concentrations and Sr isotopic composition were analyzed for all the samples. The results show that acid deposition (average pH 4.9) frequently occurred in the studied region. Cation abundance follows an increasing manner from rainwater, throughfall, to surface water or ground water samples, suggesting that acid deposition at first eiuviates Ca^2+ , Mg^2+ and Sr^2+ from leaf, then the exchangeable cations from soil, and at last cations accumulate in surface water or ground water. 相似文献
42.
G. Günay 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(2):229-240
The Sakarya River is one of the largest rivers in Turkey and is fed mainly from Sakaryabaşı springs. The Sakaryabaşı springs are located in the Central Anatolia and issue from confined/semi-confined karst having a thermal component and therefore, having quite different hydrogeological characteristics as compared to the Taurus Karst region, a typical example of the Mediterranean type of karst. The karstic carbonate rocks that form the groundwater reservoir are overlain by a thick semi-pervious overburden of mainly clastics of Neogene age. Tectonics is the major factor controlling the occurrence of the karst springs in the area where topography is rather flat. This study aimed at explaining the occurrence and movement of the karst groundwater within the system by use of hydrogeological, chemical, and isotopic tools. Isotopic composition of the waters revealed that all waters in the region are of meteoric origin and the thermal component is due to deep circulation. The catchment area of the hydrogeological system extends to the south and groundwater movement is towards the outlets, which are in a depression along a major fault. The movement of the groundwater, based on analysis of remotely sensed images, is controlled mainly by structural elements. 相似文献
43.
44.
During the excavations for the foundations of a three storey building on the limestone tuffs of Condeixa, Central Portugal,
a large dissolution fissure and smaller dissolution voids were found. Since the area has never been the subject of engineering
geology investigation, it was decided to evaluate the risk associated with the construction of the building. These limestone
tuffs were formed in a continental environment by the precipitation of calcite carried by the water coming from the large
limestone body in the east. The precipitated calcite mixed with the terrigenous materials and around trunks and leaves of
plants, originating a very heterogeneous and porous ground, which is characteristic of limestone tuffs. The study started
with a detailed geological survey followed by a large number of destructive drillings, located essentially under the pad foundations.
The results revealed several karstic cavities with serious problems for the building foundations and the structure, and many
smaller dissolution cavities, often filled with clayey soils. The ground treatment solutions used included, dental cleaning,
filling with concrete or granular material the dissolution structures accessible at the level of the foundation, reinforcement
of the footing and the structure of the building and adding a continuous foundation beam to hold the foundations together.
The cost of the engineering geology study, site investigation, ground treatment, and the reinforcement of the foundation and
building, increased the total construction cost from 2%, at the design stage, to 4.8%. 相似文献
45.
圆形标志中心子像素定位方法的研究与实现 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18
黄桂平 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2005,30(5):388-391
采用回光反射材料制作圆形回光反射标志,经摄影后得到标志的“准二值影像”;对标志的椭圆影像进行亚像素边缘提取,经最小二乘椭圆拟合后得到标志中心的子像素级位置。试验表明,可以达到0.02像素的定位精度。 相似文献
46.
基于预测的边缘检测方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
提出了一种基于预测的、有一定自适应性的边缘检测方法。介绍了其原理和算法实现过程。通过计算两个相邻像素的灰度值的均值、均方差和梯度来预测下一个像素的灰度值,比较预测值和真实值来判断下一个像素是否是边界点。通过与现有同类算法的比较,证明了该算法的优越性。 相似文献
47.
多时相组合分类法在土地利用动态监测中的应用 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
介绍了土地利用遥感动态监测的基本概念,简述了遥感土地利用变化信息提取等遥感监测方法.重点探讨了多时相组合分类方法的相关技术。对广西2002年和2003年两个时相的MODIS数据.采用多时相直接分类法对土地利用变化状况进行了遥感动态监测。对不同方式波段组合的试验表明。经过差值、比值处理的波段组合具有较差的试验效果(总体精度只有30%~40%),而经过PCA变换的波段组合则具有相对较好的试验效果(总体精度超过70%)。 相似文献
48.
49.
介绍了一个建筑物阴影检测的模型。首先利用摄影测量学原理来计算阴影坐标。即用数字表面模型(digitalsurfacemodel,缩写为DSM)和太阳高度和方位来计算建筑物阴影的空间坐标,并由相机模型计算出每个阴影单元对应的扫描行和相机空间坐标。由高度场光线跟踪判断阴影的可见性,对可见阴影计算出它在投影图像上的坐标。然后在这个结果的基础上再对图像进行阴影的细分割。 相似文献
50.