Origin of high fluoride contents in groundwater of the Santa Maria Formation, Guarany Aquifer System, southern Brazil

Fluoride anomalies （up to 11 mg/L） have been detected in the porous confined Santa Maria Aquifer （Guarany Aquifer System） in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, leading to endemic fluorosis. Two hypotheses are investigated concerning the fluoride origin： contamination by long-term phosphate-fertilizer application due to extensive tobacco plantation or lithogeochemical affiliation from regional rocks. The results are discussed based on statistical and geochemical modeling and stable isotope data of water, nitrate and sulfate. Field monitoring of phreatic and confined aquifer during two years and laboratory leaching and retention experiments were performed. Regional statistical analysis （factorial and cluster analysis） on the basis of 350 wells discriminates four different hydrochemical groups in the confined aquifer, considering magnesium, calcium bicarbonate, sodium chlorinate and sodium bicarbonate as specific parameters. The last two groups reach higher fluoride contents and represent deeper aquifer levels where geochemical modeling shows carbonates （calcite and dolomite） are of super-saturation. The laboratory experiments confirmed that local soils with high CTC and aluminum contents （Udults） represent an efficient geochemical barrier, preserving the aquifer from fluoride contamination and supporting remediation strategies for fluoride removal. δ^18O and δD groundwater data and the local meteoric water line （LMWL） indicate that local precipitation is the main groundwater recharge source in the area.     

硅肥在黄河冲积土上的水稻肥效试验研究

试验研究结果表明：无论以炼铁水淬渣还是以赤泥为基料生产的硅肥,在河南省黄河冲积平原水稻上施用均获得１５％以上的增产效果,尤以赤泥的基本原料生产的硅肥增产效果最佳。     

高钾系列复混喷施肥的研制与应用

所研制的高钾系列复混喷施肥其成份以KNO3为主,含微量营养元素。应用试验表明,该喷施肥具有成本低,肥效高,经济效益显著的特点,具有推广应用价值。     

福鼎四季柚与地质背景相关性研究

福鼎四季柚是柚类中的一个特殊品种,品质优良。其传统种植区除具有优越的自然地理条件外,其地质背景为白垩系中酸性(英安质、流纹质)火山碎屑岩,为作物提供了较丰富的Ca、Mg、Na、Zn、Mn等营养元素．有利于四季柚的生长。经研究了解了四季柚对多种化学元素的需求,初步确定了四季柚种植土壤元素有效态的适宜含量范围并提出了扩种的最佳地区。做了初步施肥试验,为配方施肥提高抽果产量和品质提供了依据。     

利用不溶性钾矿提钾的研究现状及展望

简要介绍了我国和世界钾盐资源的分布及钾的供需状况，以及缓解我国缺押局面的主要途径，着重综述了我国不溶性钾矿资源状况和国内外利用不溶性钾矿提钾的研究现状和工业应用成果；最后阐述了利用不溶性钾矿提钾工业中存在的问题及其发展前景。     

气候变暖对土壤化肥用量和肥效影响的实验研究

气候变暖对土壤肥料施用量和肥效有重要影响，通过对土壤分期增施３种水平的尿素实验，测定土壤中速效氮含量的动态变化，研究土壤肥效对温度的反应，结果表明，温度升高，土壤中速效氮释放量增大，释放速度加快，释放周期缩短，在４５０－１１２５ｋｇ／ｈａ施肥水平下，每增温１℃氮释放量平均增加４％，释放周期缩短３．６天，同时，施肥量愈大，速效氮释放也愈大，释放速度愈快，因此，在气候变暖的条件下，需相应增加施肥总量和     

CO2气肥固体发生剂在温棚室蔬菜栽培中的应用

温棚室内Ｃ炒足是影响温棚蔬菜生产的重要因素之一。温棚人工增施ＣＯ２的方法很多，但都有一定的局限性，作者根据现在温棚室的实际情况研制出一种新型高效的ＣＯ２发生剂－－固体气肥发生剂，对比试验表明，该发生剂能使蔬菜增产２５％以上，投入产比在１：６以上，并且具有无公害的特点。     

Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized and unfertilized soils in a subtropical region (Andalusia,Spain)

Field measurements of N₂O emission rates were carried out from August until October 1982 in a subtropical region in Europe, i.e. in Andalusia, Spain. The measurements were performed by using an automatic sampling and analysis technique allowing the semi-continuous determination of N₂O emission rates. The N₂O emission rates were positively correlated to the soil surface temperature and exhibited a diurnal rhythm with maximum rates in the afternoon and minimum rates in the early morning with average values of 1 g N₂O–N/m²/h for the grass lawn and 15 g N₂O–N/m²/h for cultivated land. Application of urea and ammonium nitrate resulted in elevated N₂O emission rates when compared to the unfertilized control. The loss of fertilizer-nitrogen as N₂O was 0.18% for urea and 0.04% for NH₄NO₃ which compares very well with data obtained in a temperate climate (Germany). The total source strength of fertilizer-derived N₂O is estimated to be 0.01–2.2 Tg N₂O–N per year. The N₂O flux from unfertilized natural soils may be as high as 4.5 Tg N₂O–N, indicating that the N₂O emission from soils contributes significantly to the global N₂O budget.     

盐渍土冬小麦施用硅肥效应的试验研究

通过对盐渍土施用硅肥后土壤及作物中氮、磷、钾、硅等营养元素的分析，发现施硅肥后土壤中的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有效硅含量都有明显提高，小麦茎杆和籽粒中的氮、磷、钾、硅的含量也比对照处理的含量高，小麦抗逆性、光合作用等都有明显改进，增产幅度达22．7％；最后简要说明了硅肥对盐渍土的改良作用。     

硅肥在杂交水稻上的肥效研究

水稻是喜硅作物，许多国家把硅称为水稻的第四大营养元素，通过在北亚热带地区河南省信阳地区潴育性水稻土上试验表明，在杂交水稻上施用硅肥，不仅可改善水稻的株高，有效穗数，穗粒数，实粒数，千粒重等生物学性状，而且施用硅肥还可增强杂交水稻抗旱，抗病虫害能力，从而提高稻谷产量19．8％－24．7％，同时，硅肥的施用能够使杂交水稻提早成熟，试验结果表明，在杂交水稻上，硅肥与氮磷肥配合施用比单独施用硅肥的增产效果和经济效益好，少量分次施用比一次性底施效果好。