苏纪石的矿物组成与鉴定特征研究

苏纪石是目前珠宝市场上的一种新兴宝玉石材料,主要通过颜色特征以及经验来鉴别,其宝石矿物学研究尚属空白。采用偏光显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、电子探针及X射线粉末衍射仪对苏纪石样品的矿物组成、化学成分、红外光谱及XRD特征图谱进行了测试研究。结果显示,苏纪石样品的主要矿物组成为硅铁锂钠石与石英,分布有少量的长石、绿泥石和褐铁矿等;其中,硅铁锂钠石呈板条状或隐晶质集合体,石英呈等轴他形微粒状或不规则团块状、条带状;硅铁锂钠石的化学分子式为K0.94Na2.85Li2.49（Fe1.59^3＋Mg1.82）3.41Al0．22Ca0.26[Si11.02O30.00]H2O,其IR特征峰为455,507,588,053,694,777,797,1042,1123cm^-1,其主要的XRD谱线为4．323（100）,4．063（57）,3．197（81）,2．863（51）;硅铁锂钠石中MnO的质量分数直接影响了苏纪石颜色的深浅,其IR,XRD特征图谱是鉴定苏纪石的重要特征之一。     

山西新发现大理岩玉的宝石矿物学特征

山西北部六棱山地区新发现了一种玉石品种——大理岩玉,其主要有黄色和黄褐色两种颜色,结构较致密,透明度较好,是一种优质的饰面石材和玉雕原料。采用薄片观察、环境扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、LA-ICP-MS和常规宝石学仪器等测试手段对该大理岩玉样品的宝石矿物学特征进行了测试与研究。结果显示,该大理岩玉为经变质作用形成的方解石大理岩,所含CaCO3的质量分数为96%～97%,推测Fe元素是该玉石的致色元素;微量的碳质和铁质粉末阻碍了柱状方解石的重结晶,形成条纹结构;方解石为不规则的多边形柱体,呈镶嵌的不规则他形变晶结构。通过分析大理岩玉的结构特征,认为平行于其层纹方向切磨,可使得其成品表面光洁度好,光泽强,不易破损。     

蓝色翡翠的呈色机制探讨

近期广东市场上出现了一种来自缅甸的蓝色翡翠样品,该样品目前未见相关报道。为了确定其定名,通过常规宝石学测试、红外光谱和X射线粉末衍射测试对样品进行分析,表明样品的主要矿物组成为硬玉,质量分数约97．1％,检测鉴定结论为翡翠。为了对蓝色翡翠呈色机制进行研究,通过紫外一可见吸收光谱测试,表明可见光区480nm以后逐渐增强的吸收带是其产生蓝色的原因;采用电子探针进行化学成分测试,表明蓝色的成因与钒离子有关。根据3d过渡金属离子的晶体场理论和翡翠晶体场理论的研究,可以推测：由于翡翠结构中M1位的Al3＋被过渡金属离子钒（V4＋）替代,目l起八面体结构畸变而导致蓝色的产生,因此,蓝色是过渡金属离子钒（v4＋）产生的原生色。     

营口蛇纹石玉红外发射功能及其影响因素

辽宁省营口市大石桥产出的蛇纹石玉是传统名玉岫玉的一种,其物理化学特征和矿物岩石学特征与传统岫岩玉有较大差别。本文采用一系列分析技术测试了该地区蛇纹石玉的放射性、化学成分、矿物成分及在8～15μm波长带的红外发射率,结果表明：该地区蛇纹石玉不具有放射性,对人体安全无害,有良好的红外辐射功能,至少两类玉石有可能直接用作天然保健材料;玉石的矿物组成越复杂、矿物的红外活性越强、红外吸收波段范围越大,玉石的红外发射率就越高;含有硼镁石的样品的红外发射率较高达0.82。蛇纹石的晶体结构和过渡元素含量是蛇纹石玉红外发射功能的重要影响因素,晶格活性振动强、Fe2O3含量为6.28%的样品红外发射率高达0.83。引入过渡元素可以提高玉石样品的红外发射率。     

翡翠文化与翡翠市场探释

中国人几千年来对翡翠有着特殊爱好,其融人了自古以来的玉石文化,它对中华民族的精神、意志、道德、哲理产生着巨大的影响。翡翠的探释是一门高雅的艺术,不但要从文化的层面来认识翡翠,而且还要多了解一些翡翠的专业知识和翡翠市场的发展现状。本文详细地介绍了目前国内几大翡翠市场和各市场的特点以及中国翡翠市场的发展史。     

Jadeitites, albitites and related rocks from the Motagua Fault Zone, Guatemala

Jadeitites from Guatemala are found as weathered blocks in tectonized serpentinite in a 15-km zone north of the Motagua Fault Zone. Rock types found with jadeitite include albitites, albite-mica rocks, omphacite/taramitic amphibole-bearing metabasites, chlorite-actinolite schists, talc-carbonate rocks and antigorite schists. In addition to the predominant jadeitic (Jd₉₃_₁₀₀) pyroxene, common phases in jadeitite include micas (paragonite and/or phengite ± rarer phlogopite), omphacite, albite, titanite /Pm zircon, apatite and graphite. Conditions of jadeitite formation are 100-400d? C, 5-11 kbar with 0.0 > log₁₀a_sio2≥= 0.7. Fluid inclusions, coarse textures, vein structures, and rhythmic zoning of pyroxene indicate an aqueuos fluid was involved. Jadeitites are either (1) metasomatic modifications of former felsic-to-pelitic inclusions that have undergone silica depletion plus efficient soda exchange and enrichment, or (2) solution precipitations derived from such a source. The close spatial relationship of faults and shear zones, serpentinites, and jadeitites suggests jadeitites form in a relatively high-P/T setting with substantial flow of sodic fluid in a tectonized zone. Most Guatemalan jadeitites are extensively altered to analcime, albite, taramitic amphibole, (clino)zoisite ± nepheline and preiswerkite. This alteration reflects depressurization /Pm heating to below the jadeite + fluid = analcime reaction at high a_Na. With progressive alteration, analcime and nepheline are replaced by albite; the increase in silica content may result from fluid flowing up a tectonized zone reaching saturation with an albite assemblage. Albitite phases, albite, actinolite, zoisite, /Pm chlorite, phengite, K-feldspar and quartz, record conditions of c. 3-8 kbar at T < 400d? C, indicating a clockwise P-T trajectory of the blocks. Barium aluminosilicates—banalsite, celsian, cymrite and hyalophane—are common minor late-stage phases in jadeitites and albite-rich rocks. Barian phengite is common in albite-mica rocks.     

青海省宝玉石资源概况

青海省宝玉石矿产资源丰富,是我国宝玉石资源大省之一。现已发现宝玉石矿产地三十余处。发现宝石类矿物十余种,玉石、彩石、冻石十余种。已开发利用的有:祁连玉、中坝玉、金山玉、玛沁玉、祁连翠玉、乌兰翠玉(美酒玉)、格尔木玉、绿东陵石、红东陵石、绿松石、桃花玉、丹麻彩石、龙也彩石、西宁冻石、玛瑙等。     

泰山玉的致色因素分析

颜色是珠宝玉石宝石学特征研究的重要一项,是影响宝玉石价值的重要因素。泰山玉有4个颜色系列,对各系列泰山玉致色因素的分析研究具有重大意义。通过化学分析和电子探针测试,查明了泰山玉的主要化学成分,对比分析了化学成分与颜色的关系,最终确定了不同颜色系列泰山玉的致色因素。     

Hydrogen Incorporation in Crystalline Jadeite: Insight from First Principles Calculations

Hydrogen incorporation is critical for explaining defect energies, structure parameters and other physical characteristics of minerals and understanding mantle dynamics. This work analyzed the hydrogen complex defects in jadeite by the plane-wave pseudo-potential method based on density functional theory, and optimized the atomic positions and lattice constants in all configurations(different defective systems). Incorporation mechanisms considered for hydrogen(H) in jadeite include:(1) hydrogen incorporating with the O2 site oxygen and coexisting with M2 vacancy;(2) one H atom combined with an Al atom replacing Si in tetrahedron;(3) 4H atoms directly replacing Si in tetrahedron and(4) 3H atoms replacing Al on the M1 site. The four incorporation mechanisms mentioned above form the corresponding V_(Na)-H_i, Al_(Si)-H_i, V_(Si)-4H_i and V_(Al)-3H_i point defects. The molecular dynamics simulation to the ideal, V_(Na)-H_i, Al_(Si)-H_i, V_(Si)-4H_i and V_(Al)-3H_i point defects under the P-T conditions of 900 K, 2 GPa, the V_(Na)-H_i and Al_(Si)-H_i point defects under different pressures at T = 900 K, and Al_(Si)-H_i point defects under different temperatures at P = 3 GPa was performed to examine the preferential mode of hydrogen incorporation in jadeite by means of first-principles calculations. The calculations show that the averaged O–H bond-length in the hydrogen point defects system decreased in the order of Al_(Si)-H_i, V_(Na)-H_i, V_(Si)-4H_i and V_(Al)-3H_i. V_(Na)-H_i complex defects result in a contraction of the jadeite volume and the presence of Al_(Si)-H_i, V_(Si)-4H_i and V_(Al)-3H_i defects could increase the supercell volume, which is the most obvious in the V_(Al)-3H_i defects. The energy of formation of Al_(Si)-H_i and V_(Al)-3H_i complex defects was much lower than that of other defect systems. The V_(Al)-3H_i defects system has the lowest energy and the shortest O–H bond-length, suggesting that this system is the most favorable. The analytical results of vacancy formation energy, O–H bondlength, and the stability of the hydrogen defects in jadeite have suggested that the preferred hydration incorporation mode in jadeite is V_(Al)-3H_i complex defect.     

古玉璧拍卖价格影响因素分析及估价方法初探

古玉评估一直是珠宝评估界棘手的问题。确定古玉的市场价格主要采用市场比较法,拍卖市场的古玉成交价是古玉评估的主要资料来源。收集了近几年40多家拍卖公司的古玉璧拍卖成交价和估价。通过分析不同时期、不同材质与工艺的古玉璧的拍卖成交价与估价,得出年代、形制、工艺、材质等因素对其价格的影响,为古玉璧的估价提供思路。