甘肃西部平原区地下水同位素特征及更新性

大量同位素资料研究表明，甘肃西部黑河流域南部平原区地下水补给和更新的特征是，具有非均一性和有限性；潜水较年轻又更新快，承压水较老又更新慢；东部地下水更新较快，西部更新较慢；祁连山前戈壁带地下水更新较快，细土平原更新较慢；近河道带地下水更新速率大，远离河道则小。上述特征与出山地表径流量及其补给源属性密切相关。因此，结合地下水更新特征，充分利用祁连山前戈壁带较强的入渗条件和调蓄功能，与地表水联合优化调控，有利于该区水资源可持续利用。     

Carbon isotopic study of individual alcohol compounds in modern sediments from Nansha Islands sea area, China

Carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanols and sterols in modern sediments from the Nansha Islands sea area are measured after derivatization to trimethylsilyl ethers by the new isotopic analytical technique of GC/C/IRMS. The effects of the three added silyl carbon atoms in every alcohol molecule on these compound isotopic compositions and the characteristics of their carbon isotopic compositions are studied. Then their biological sources are discussed using their carbon isotopic compositions. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Project of the Multidisciplinary Oceanographic Expedition of Chinese Academy of Sciences to Nansha Islands.     

Geochemistry on mantle-derived volatiles in natural gases from eastern China oil/gas provinces (I)

Commercial accumulation of mantle-derived helium in the sedimentary shell is discussed. Generally speaking, a commercial helium pool is formed by accumulated⁴He that comes from uranium and thorium via α-decay; therefore, it has a very low³He/⁴He value in the magnitude of 10-⁸. The helium concentration in some gas wells of eastern China oil/gas provinces is about or over 0.05% —0. 1%, consequently forming commercial helium wells (pools), such as the Wangjinta Gas Pool in Songliao Basin, Huangqiao Gas Pool in North Jiangsu Basin and some gas wells in Sanshui Basin. Studies have proved that when the³He/⁴He value of a helium gas pool is about 3.7 × 10^-6 -7.2×10^-6 namely mantle-derived helium in its total helium concentration accounts for 33.5%—65.4%, it is a crust-mantle dual-source or dominantly mantle-derived helium gas pool, which is a novel helium resource and its formation is mainly related to the distribution of megafractures.     

广东长坑金银矿床的成矿地球化学——硫同位素研究

长坑矿床金、银矿石硫化物的δ＾３４Ｓ分别以高离散的负值和相对较集中的正值为特征。在主要成矿阶段硫同位素基本达到平衡或近平衡分馏条件下，采用大本模式分析表明，硫同位素分布特征可能与成矿流体物理化学条件不同有关，即形成金矿石的热液偏酸性、ｆｏ２较高，而银矿化期的流体近中性、ｆｏ２较低；此外，伴随硫化物沉淀的储库效应对此也有一定的影响。热液的总硫同位素组成可取为４‰－７‰，应主要来自围岩中的沉积硫。成矿     

龙门山泥盆纪层序地层的碳,锶同位素效应

龙门山泥盆纪具准Ⅱ级Ｔ－Ｒ旋回的层序组，与碳、锶同位素地层曲线演化总趋势所反映的海平面升降变化规律基本一致，具极好的区域性和全球性对比意义。Ⅲ级Ｔ－Ｒ旋回层序，部分与同位素地层曲线拟合；部分有特征的异常高值波峰或低值波谷。同位素效应分别与正常海平面变化和有机碳高速埋藏、缺氧水体入侵、生物生态萧条或绝灭，以及构造和火山活动等区域性或全球性事件相联系，各具不同的区域性和全球性对比意义。     

鲁西中生代富钾火山岩及煌斑岩微量元素和Nd—Sr同位素地球化学

鲁西中生代富钾火山岩产于断陷型陆相火山岩盆地中，煌斑岩多位于火山岩盘地的外圈。二者形成时代相近，产出的构造背景相同，在主量元素、微量元素和Nd－Sr同位索等特征上极为相似，均表现出富碱富钾、富轻稀土及大离于亲石元素和贫高场强元素及亲铁元素的特点，并具有显著偏低的εNd值和明显偏高的Isr值。研究结果表明，富钾火山岩和煌斑岩均起源于富集型地幔的部分熔融。     

^232U示踪法测定样品中铀钍同位素的比活度

本文介绍了用（２３２Ｕ）作示踪同位素，测定岩石、土壤、水体中铀同位素及岩石中钍同位素比活度的方法。详细介绍了用两种标准方法［１．２］对样品进行化学富集、纯化、分离以及用电沉积法制备铀、钍α源的方法。对α射线多道能谱测量系统的配置，工作条件的选择，本底测定，实验样品的测定，推导出的计算公式、测量结果等均做了详实的论述。     

Isotopic geochemistry of the groundwater system in arid and semiarid areas and its significance: a case study in Shiyang River basin, Gansu province, northwest China

 Shiyang River basin, located in the eastern part of Hexi Corridor in the middle Gansu province, NW China, is a typical arid to semiarid area. Within its drainage distance of merely 300 km, the groundwater system shows a gradual hydrochemical zonation from the upper reach to the lower reach, which is composed of hydrocarbonate, sulfate to chloride zones respectively. Variation in the saturation index (SI) of calcite and dolomite shows that, under arid to semiarid conditions, the drastic evaporation causes the groundwater quality to deteriorate in the lower reach. Isotopic compositions of H, O and He in the groundwater show that the groundwater recharge sources are mainly from meteoric water. δ³He–³He/²⁰Ne coordinates could clearly distinguish the water sources and mixing among them. In the Caiqi region, there is apparent mixing of the crevice water containing excess ⁴He with the overlying groundwater, which also implies a much lower circulation rate of the groundwater. Fairly high ³He/⁴He ratios of the groundwaters collected from the adjacent area of hidden faults along Qilian Mountains show the eminent input of mantle-derived helium, indicating that these faults not only cut the crust deeply, but are currently active. Received: 11 February 2000 · Accepted: 23 May 2000     

北淮阳花岗岩-正长岩带地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

采用岩石化学、稀土元素和锶、钕、铅同位素方法对安徽省西部沿金寨、霍山、舒城一线出露的花岗岩-正长岩类岩石的研究表明,古老地壳岩石在它们的形成过程中起了重要作用,而且它们的同位素组成特征与华北板块基底岩石相近。因此,该岩带出露区的大地构造位置应归属华北板块。岩体的地质产状、岩石化学特征和侵位时代表明,它们是白垩纪时拉张环境下的产物。     

辽宁弓长岭中太古代片麻状花岗岩和铬云母石英岩的锆石年龄

应用离子探针质谱技术,从弓长岭地区片麻状花岗岩和铬云母石英岩中的锆石分别获得3.0Ga和3.1—3.4Ga的年龄数据,前者代表片麻状花岗岩的侵入年龄,后者代表铬云母石英岩母岩形成年龄的下限值。在片麻状花岗岩中,有少量锆石还测得3.3—3.6Ga的年龄,可能表明它们来自更为古老花岗质岩石的继承锆石。这些年龄数据的获得,为深入研究本地区早期地壳的形成与演化、在更大范围内寻找早中太古代古老岩石、确定碎屑沉积岩与母岩的关系等都具重要的意义。