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991.
The Sample Catchment Basin (SCB) mapping technique extends the representativeness of the geochemical features of stream sediments to the surface of the whole upstream drainage basin. SCB boundaries clash with the water divides traced from each sampling point and are limited upstream by the presence of further SCBs. They are also assumed to represent the elementary map unit. The rank of SCBs can be defined counting the number of upstream SCBs along the branches of a fluvial network. The presence of low rank SCBs minimizes the statistical redundancy of measures. The SCB technique is particularly suitable for the geochemical mapping of mountainous or hilly areas and to correctly display the information into a morphological context. This approach can be also valuable in the case of low sampling density, inhomogeneous sampling schemes, and especially when very accurate evaluations of the spatial distribution of chemicals (with natural or anthropogenic origin) are required. 相似文献
992.
区域地球化学异常信息提取方法研讨 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
在一些以成矿区带或省区为单位的区域性地球化学异常信息提取工作中,所圈定的异常经常会出现“有矿没异常或有异常没矿”的信息错位现象.给地球化学评价工作造成一定的困难。本文借助实际资料,分析了造成这种现象的主要原因,并通过对几种解决这些问题的方法技术介绍对比,提出滑动平均标准化数值法,详细介绍了滑动平均标准化数值法的方法基础、优点、具体做法以及应用效果。 相似文献
993.
Detailed studies indicate that Kangxian-Pipasi-Nanping tectonic zone is a complicated mélange zone which includes many tectonic
slabs of different origins. Ophiolite (MORB-type basalt), oceanic island tholeiite and alkaline basalt have been identified.
Moreover, this tectonic mélange zone is eastward connected with the Mianlüe suture zone. The deformation characteristics,
consisting components and volcanic rock geochemical features for the Kangxian-Pipasi-Nanping tectonic mélange zone are much
similar to those of the Mianlüe suture zone and Deerni ophiolite. Therefore, the Kangxian-Pipasi-Nanping tectonic mélange
zone should be the westward extension part of the Mianlüe suture zone. It indicates that the Mianlüe suture zone had extended
to the Nanping area. 相似文献
994.
Joseph A. Shacat William J. Green Eric H. Decarlo Silvia Newell 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2004,10(3-4):325-352
Lake Joyce is one of the least studied lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Similar to other lakes in this region, Lake Joyce is a closed-basin, permanently ice-covered, meromictic lake. We present here a detailed investigation of major ions, nutrients, and dissolved trace elements for Lake Joyce. Specifically, we investigate the role of iron and manganese oxides and hydrous oxides in trace metal cycling.Lake Joyce is characterized by fresh, oxic waters overlying an anoxic brine, primarily Na–Cl. Surface waters have a maximum nitrate concentration of 26M with a molar dissolved inorganic nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of 477. The supply of nitrogen is attributed to atmospheric deposition, possibly from polar stratospheric clouds. Dissolved phosphorus is scavenged by hydrous iron oxides. The pH is highest (10.15) just beneath the 7-m thick ice cover and decreases to a minimum of 7.29 in the redox transition zone. Dissolved Al exceeds 8M in surface waters, and appears to be controlled by equilibrium with gibbsite. In contrast, concentrations of other trace elements in surface waters are quite low (e.g., 5.4nM Cu, 0.19nM Co, <20pM La). Dissolved Fe, Mn, Ni and Cd were below our detection limits of 13 nM, 1. 8 nM, 4.7 nM and 15pM (respectively) in surface waters. There was a 6-m vertical separation in the onset of Mn and Fe reduction, with dissolved Mn appearing higher in the water column than Fe. Based on thermodynamic calculations, dissolved Mn appears to be controlled by equilibrium with hausmannite (Mn3 O4 ). Co tracks the Mn profile closely, suggesting Co(III) is bound in the lattice of Mn oxides, whereas the Ce profile is similar, yet the Ce anomaly suggests oxidative scavenging of Ce. Release of Cu, Ni, Cd and trivalent REE appears to be controlled by pH-induced desorption from Fe and Mn oxides, although Cu (and perhaps Ni) may be scavenged by organic matter in surface waters. 相似文献
995.
FURMAN TANYA; KALETA KELLY M.; BRYCE JULIA G.; HANAN BARRY B. 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(6):1221-1244
The East African Rift System is important to understanding plume-initiatedrifting as manifest in the geochemistry of mafic lavas eruptedalong the rift throughout its evolution. We present new datafrom high-MgO Tertiary lavas from Turkana, northern Kenya, toinvestigate regional melt source components, to identify thedepths and degrees of melting, and to characterize spatiallyand temporally the chemical structure of the underlying mantle.The Turkana area is a region of high lithospheric extensionthat sits between two topographic uplifts thought to be surfaceexpressions of one or more upwelling mantle plumes. Thinningof local crust is believed to be accompanied by widespread removalof the mantle lithosphere, causing the asthenosphere to be inclose contact with the overlying crust. New geochemical dataon basanites, picrites and basalts (MgO >7 wt %) tightlyconstrain the primary melt source regions of Tertiary volcanism.Initial isotopic signatures (143Nd/144Nd = 0·512670·51283,87Sr/86Sr = 0·70310·7036) and trace elementabundances (Ce/Pb 30, La/Nb = 0·60·8 andBa/Nb = 310) in these lavas are consistent with derivationfrom sub-lithospheric sources. Basalts and picrites eruptedbetween 23 and 20 Ma have SrNdPbHe isotopiccharacteristics indicative of high-µ influence, recordhigh depths and degrees of partial melting, and are associatedwith rift propagation to the north and south. Accordingly, theselavas sample a source region that is geochemically distinctfrom that reflected both in Oligocene Ethiopian flood basaltsand in the modern Afar region. The geochemical data supportnumerical and theoretical models as well as tomographic resultsproviding for a complex thermal structure in the mantle beneathEast Africa and are interpreted to reflect isotopically distinctplume heads beneath Tanzania and Afar that are derived fromthe chemically heterogeneous South African superplume. KEY WORDS: East African Rift System; mantle plumes; HIMU; geochemistry; Afar 相似文献
996.
Combined Trace Element and Pb-Nd-Sr-O Isotope Evidence for Recycled Oceanic Crust (Upper and Lower) in the Iceland Mantle Plume 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
KOKFELT THOMAS FIND; HOERNLE KAJ; HAUFF FOLKMAR; FIEBIG JENS; WERNER REINHARD; GARBE-SCHONBERG DIETER 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(9):1705-1749
We present the results of a comprehensive major element, traceelement and SrNdPbO isotopic study of post-glacialvolcanic rocks from the Neovolcanic zones on Iceland. The rocksstudied range in composition from picrites and tholeiites, whichdominate in the main rift systems, to transitional and alkalicbasalts confined to the off-rift and propagating rift systems.There are good correlations of rock types with geochemical enrichmentparameters, such as La/Sm and La/Yb ratios, and with long-termradiogenic tracers, such as SrNdPb isotope ratios,indicating a long-lived enrichment/depletion history of thesource region. 87Sr/86Sr vs 143Nd/144Nd defines a negative array.Pb isotopes define well-correlated positive arrays on both 206Pb/204Pbvs 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb diagrams, indicating mixing ofat least two major components: an enriched component representedby the alkali basalts and a depleted component represented bythe picrites. In combined SrNdPb isotopic spacethe individual rift systems define coherent mixing arrays withslightly different compositions. The enriched component hasradiogenic Pb (206Pb/204Pb > 19·3) and very similargeochemistry to HIMU-type ocean island basalts (OIB). We ascribethis endmember to recycling of hydrothermally altered upperbasaltic oceanic crust. The depleted component that is sampledby the picrites has unradiogenic Pb (206Pb/204Pb < 17·8),but geochemical signatures distinct from that of normal mid-oceanridge basalt (N-MORB). Highly depleted tholeiites and picriteshave positive anomalies in mantle-normalized trace element diagramsfor Ba, Sr, and Eu (and in some cases also for K, Ti and P),negative anomalies for Hf and Zr, and low 18Oolivine values(4·65·0) below the normal mantle range.All of these features are internally correlated, and we, therefore,interpret them to reflect source characteristics and attributethem to recycled lower gabbroic oceanic crust. Regional compositionaldifferences exist for the depleted component. In SW Icelandit has distinctly higher Nb/U (68) and more radiogenic 206Pb/204Pbratios (18·2818·88) compared with the NErift (Nb/U 47; 206Pb/204Pb = 18·0718·47).These geochemical differences suggest that different packagesof recycled oceanic lithosphere exist beneath each rift. A thirdand minor component with relatively high 87Sr/86Sr and 207Pb/204Pbis found in a single volcano in SE Iceland (Öræfajökullvolcano), indicating the involvement of recycled sediments inthe source locally. The three plume components form an integralpart of ancient recycled oceanic lithosphere. The slope in theuranogenic Pb diagram indicates a recycling age of about 1·5Ga with time-integrated Th/U ratios of 3·01. Surprisingly,there is little evidence for the involvement of North AtlanticN-MORB source mantle, as would be expected from the interactionof the Iceland plume and the surrounding asthenosphere in formof plumeridge interaction. The preferential samplingof the enriched and depleted components in the off-rift andmain rift systems, respectively, can be explained by differencesin the geometry of the melting regions. In the off-rift areas,melting columns are truncated deeper and thus are shorter, whichleads to preferential melting of the enriched component, asthis starts melting deeper than the depleted component. In contrast,melting proceeds to shallower depths beneath the main rifts.The longer melting columns also produce significant amountsof melt from the more refractory (lower crustal/lithospheric)component. KEY WORDS: basalts; trace element and Sr, Nd, Pb, O isotope geochemistry; Iceland plume; isotope ratios; oceanic crustal recycling; partial melting; plumeridge interaction 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
热水沉积硅岩的地球化学 总被引:23,自引:1,他引:23
随着层控矿床研究的不断深入,一种新的岩石类型——热水沉积岩,尤其是热水沉积硅岩,已受到矿床学与岩石学家们的极大关注,并且被认为是20世纪80年代地球科学的一项重大进展。但如何区别热水沉积硅岩与其它成因硅岩呢?本文从岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素、氧和硅同位素等方面介绍了热水沉积硅岩的地球化学特征。 相似文献
1000.
Ryan D. Mills Allen F. Glazner Drew S. Coleman 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,158(2):263-281
Interaction of magma with wall rock is an important process in igneous petrology, but the mechanisms by which interactions
occur are poorly known. The western outer granodiorite of the Cretaceous Tuolumne Intrusive Suite of Yosemite National Park,
California, intruded a variety of metasedimentary and igneous wall rocks at 93.1 Ma. The May Lake metamorphic screen is a
metasedimentary remnant whose contact zone exhibits a variety of interaction phenomena including xenolith incorporation, disaggregation,
and partial melting. The chemical contrast of these metasedimentary rocks with the invading pluton provides an excellent measure
of pluton/wall rock interactions. Wall rock xenoliths (mostly pelitic quartzite) are predominantly located in an elongate
horizon surrounded by a hybridized fine-grained granodiorite. Initial Sr and Nd isotopic ratios of the hybridized granodiorite
indicate significant local incorporation of crustal material. Major- and trace-element geochemical data indicate that contamination
of the granodiorite occurred via selective assimilation of both high-K and low-K, high-silica partial melts derived from pelitic
quartzite. Although the hybridized granodiorite shows significant amounts of contamination, adjacent to xenoliths the proportion
of contamination is undetectable more than a meter away. These results indicate that the chemical and isotopic variability
of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite is not caused by magma contamination via in situ wall rock assimilation. 相似文献