Nature of the Precambrian metamorphic blocks in the eastern segment of Central Tianshan: Constraint from geochronology and Nd isotopic geochemistry

The Central Tianshan Tectonic Zone (CTTZ) is anarrow domain between an early Paleozoic southernTianshan passive continental margin and a late Paleo-zoic northern Tianshan arc zone, which is character-ized by the presence of numerous Precambrian meta-morphic basement blocks. Proterozoic granitoidgneisses and metamorphic sedimentary rocks,namely Xingxingxia and Kawabulag and Tianhugroups, are the most important lithological assem-blages in these metamorphic basement blocks, and alittle of …     

赣南漂塘钨矿花岗岩成岩年龄与成矿年龄的精确测定

漂塘钨矿是赣南著名的钨锡多金属矿床,由漂塘本区、木梓园和大龙山三个矿段组成。多年以来,有关漂塘花岗岩成岩年龄,大多是利用邻近的西华山花岗岩的数据进行推断,而已有的年龄测试数据精度很难保证。对该矿床的成矿年龄则报道更少。本文利用单颗粒锆石U-Pb法对漂塘本区和木梓园的成矿花岗岩进行定年,获得了两条很好的U-Pb年龄谐和线,漂塘本区和木梓园成矿花岗岩的年龄分别为161.8±1Ma和 153.3±1. 9Ma。利用矿石中的白云母40Ar/39Ar同位素定年获得了漂塘本区成矿年龄为152±1.9Ma,利用矿石中的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年获得木梓园成矿年龄为151.1±8.5Ma。 以上年龄数据表明,矿床的成矿作用或与花岗岩侵位基本同时发生,或稍晚于花岗岩。赣南其他矿集区的一些代表性钨矿如淘锡坑、大吉山等的成矿与成岩也有这两种情况,可见这种成矿方式在赣南地区具有代表性。本文的年龄测定和近年来发表的一些年龄数据表明,赣南钨锡矿床属于华南燕山中期第一阶段陆壳重熔型花岗岩类大规模活动及其伴随的钨锡等金属大规模成矿作用的产物。     

东秦岭东段新发现的沙坡岭细脉浸染型钼矿地质特征、Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

豫西洛宁沙坡岭钼矿床位于华北克拉通南缘东秦岭钼矿带东段,是新近发现的赋存于太古宙太华群变质岩中的细脉浸染型钼矿床。本文对其地质特征进行了研究,并初步测定了1个辉钼矿样品的Re－Os同位素年龄,获得模式年龄为126.8±1.7Ma,表明沙坡岭钼矿形成于燕山期,接近金堆城、雷门沟钼矿的形成时代,Re同位素含量显示其地幔来源的特征。沙坡岭钼矿形成机制错综复杂,有待进一步研究,特别是深部钻孔工程验证工作,对于验证深部是否隐伏着与成矿相关的斑岩体、储量更大的斑岩型钼矿有着重要作用,找矿潜力巨大。     

东秦岭钼矿带内碳酸岩脉型钼（铅）矿床地质 地球化学特征、成矿机制及成矿构造背景

东秦岭钼矿带位于华北板块南缘,NW-NWW向的固始―栾川深断裂带控制着钼矿床的空间分布.黄水庵碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床的确定,为本矿带内已有碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床(黄龙铺地区的大石沟、石家湾和桃园等)增添了又一新成员.本矿带不仅钼金属储量居世界已知单个钼矿带之首,而且碳酸岩脉和花岗斑岩两个成矿体系并存,亦是本区钼矿带的一大特色.业已查明,黄水庵和黄龙铺(大石沟)等碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床的δ~(13)C=-5.3‰～-7.0‰,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr=0.7049～0.7065.同时,方解石富含轻稀土(LREE/HREE=1.8～2.9).辉钼矿以富含Re(平均为110×10~(-6)～244×10~(-6))为特征.基于含矿碳酸岩脉方解石的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素比值(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr对~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb对~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd对~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)的关系图,我们初步判断本矿带区域陆壳之下可能存在有EMI(富集地幔Ⅰ),这些含矿碳酸岩脉是源于EMI的碱性硅酸盐-碳酸盐熔体-溶液结晶分异的产物,成矿金属Mo、Pb主要来自EMI.根据黄水庵和黄龙铺(大石沟)钼(铅)矿床的成矿年龄(Re-Os年龄分别为209.5 Ma和221 Ma),我们推断,碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床形成于华北和扬子两大板块三叠纪碰撞造山后伸展阶段的晚三叠世时期,而在侏罗纪陆内造山晚期的伸展阶段,形成了晚侏罗-早白垩世的斑岩型和斑岩-矽卡岩型钼矿床(Re-Os年龄介于147～116 Ma).     

安徽滁州琅琊山铜矿辉钼矿铼-锇同位素定年及其地质意义

首次运用铼-锇同位素方法对滁州琅琊山铜矿床中的辉钼矿进行定年。5件辉钼矿样品的模式年龄为(128.9±1.8)Ma～(130.3±1.9)Ma,187Re-187Os等时线年龄为(128.6±2.2)Ma,其加权平均方差(MSWD)为0.45,为滁州琅琊山铜矿床提供了准确的形成时限。分析结果表明,滁州琅琊山铜矿床是早白垩纪(燕山晚期)区域构造-岩浆活动的产物。琅琊山铜矿床辉钼矿中铼含量较高,推断成矿物质主要是壳幔混源,且主要是幔源。     

东秦岭金堆城大型斑岩钼矿床同位素及元素地球化学研究

文章系统研究了金堆城钼矿床的含矿钾长斑岩、围岩、矿石、矿石中的黄铁矿及矿化围岩的地球化学特征,深入探讨了矿区成矿物质的来源.金堆城含矿斑岩的稀土元素分布和特征地球化学参数显示,金堆城含矿斑岩富集LREE(LaN/YbN=540～1684),轻、重稀土元素分馏较明显,Eu异常不明显或无Eu异常(δEu=070～096).矿石中黄铁矿富集LREE(LaN/YbN=315～2628),具有弱的Eu负异常,无Ce异常(δEu=064～081, δCe=088～103),并与金堆城含矿钾长斑岩和矿石具有一致的球粒陨石标准化配分曲线和特征的地球化学参数,显示金堆城钼矿床的成矿物质来源与钾长斑岩同源.矿床铅、硫、碳和氢-氧同位素地球化学综合研究表明,成矿物质来源于深部,与钾长斑岩同源.围岩在矿化和蚀变过程中元素的迁移计算结果表明,在热液成矿过程中Mo随成矿流体加入到围岩并使围岩发生蚀变和矿化.钼矿床的成矿物质主要来自钾长斑岩,围岩不提供成矿物质.金堆城含矿斑岩和钼矿化的发生处于秦岭造山带在中新生代的挤压-伸展转变期,受板片断离作用和壳幔边界附近发生的基性岩浆底侵作用影响,加厚的华北地块南缘下地壳物质发生熔融形成花岗质岩浆,并沿构造薄弱带上升到浅部侵位,形成金堆城等同熔型斑岩和斑岩型矿床.     

江西会昌岽背玄武岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素特征及其地质意义

江西会昌岽背地区晚中生代玄武岩的SiO2含量为49.06%～50.14%,K2O含量为1.26%～1.63%.其微量元素显示出大离子亲石元素富集,高场强元素亏损,尤以明显的Nb、Ta亏损为特征;REE总量为(135.5～146.8)×10-6,(La/Yb)N≈10,表现出LREE富集的稀土元素配分模式,且无明显的Eu异常;Sr-Nd同位素具有高(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.70678～0.70695)和低εNd(t)(-2.46～-2.18)的特征.据以上特征并结合区域地质背景,反映出岽背玄武岩的源区可能为EMⅡ型富集型大陆岩石圈地幔,其形成的构造环境为活动大陆边缘.较低的Nb/U比值(7～8)暗示该玄武质岩浆在形成过程中遭受了一定程度的大陆地壳混染或与俯冲过程有关的物质的加入.岽背玄武岩具有陆缘弧型地球化学特征,指示会昌地区在晚白垩世晚期(约85 Ma)处于活动大陆边缘的构造环境,该玄武岩的形成可能与燕山晚期古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲消减作用关系密切.底侵作用可能为会昌地区燕山晚期成矿岩浆的生成提供了流体和热,有利于铜多金属矿的形成.     

Sediment cascades and the entangled relationship between human impact and natural dynamics at the pre-pottery Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe,Anatolia

This study presents a meta-analysis of radiocarbon ages for the environs of Göbekli Tepe – one of the oldest monumental structures worldwide – using cumulative probability functions to diachronically assess phases of geomorphodynamic activity as controlled by natural or anthropogenic drivers. We employ sediment cascades as a heuristic framework to study the complex responses of the geomorphological system to various triggers at local to supra-regional scales. Possible triggers include climatic variability as documented by supra-regional hydroclimatic proxy data, regional demographic trends, and local to regional socioeconomic developments such as the emergence of sedentism or the introduction and dispersal of livestock herding. Our results show that phases of intensified geomorphodynamic activity occurred between ca. 7.4–7.0 and 5.8–3.3 ka BP. These phases roughly coincide with phases of population growth in southern Turkey and climatic variations in Turkey and the Levant. The phase between ca. 5.8–3.3 ka BP also corresponds to the time when organized agriculture and the seeder plough were introduced. Also, the identified phases are in agreement with the general trend of varying geomorphodynamic activity in the Eastern Mediterranean as driven by human impact and climatic change. However, neither the Younger Dryas–Holocene transition nor the development of herding during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic left a clear signature. We demonstrate how the different depositional environments in the studied landscape compartments vary with respect to their spatiotemporal coverage and discuss challenges when trying to understand processes that once shaped landscapes of past societies. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

Modelling ecohydrological feedbacks in forest and grassland plots under a prolonged drought anomaly in Central Europe 2018–2020

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of understanding ecohydrological drought feedbacks to secure water resources under a changing climate and increasing anthropogenic impacts. In this study, we monitored and modelled feedbacks in the soil–plant-atmosphere continuum to the European drought summer 2018 and the following 2 years. The physically based, isotope-aided model EcH₂O-iso was applied to generic vegetation plots (forest and grassland) in the lowland, groundwater-dominated research catchment Demnitzer Millcreek (NE Germany; 66 km²). We included, inter alia, soil water isotope data in the model calibration and quantified changing “blue” (groundwater recharge) and “green” (evapotranspiration) water fluxes and ages under each land use as the drought progressed. Novel plant xylem isotope data were excluded from calibration but were compared with simulated root uptake signatures in model validation. Results indicated inter-site differences in the dynamics of soil water storage and fluxes with contrasting water age both during the drought and the subsequent 2 years. Forest vegetation consistently showed a greater moisture stress, more rapid recovery and higher variability in root water uptake depths from a generally younger soil water storage. In contrast, the grassland site, which had more water-retentive soils, showed higher and older soil water storage and groundwater recharge fluxes. The damped storage and flux dynamics under grassland led to a slower return to younger water ages at depth. Such evidence-based and quantitative differences in ecohydrological feedbacks to drought stress in contrasting soil-vegetation units provide important insights into Critical Zone water cycling. This can help inform future progress in the monitoring, modelling and development of climate mitigation strategies in drought-sensitive lowlands.