建筑变形分析系统ST5.5在建筑物变形测量中的应用

以具体的沉降观测项目和水平位移观测项目为示例,探讨了建筑物变形分析系统ST 5.5在建筑物变形测量中的应用。对该系统的功能和使用方法做了详细的阐述说明,并对使用心得做了详尽的介绍,对遇到的一些问题提出了相应的解决方法。     

某数字城市实景影像数据采集方案设计

随着测绘科技、计算机及网络技术的飞速发展,完全基于4D数据构建的数字城市已不能适应信息时代对于属性信息"准、全、新"的要求。可量测立体影像和360°全景影像数据将原来地理信息数据由4D上升到5D,弥补了4D数据的缺憾。本文主要介绍了这两种数据外业采集和内业处理的方法和过程,对未来数字城市建设数据采集方法的改进有一定的参考价值。     

达州独立坐标系平面控制网测量方法探讨

达州市独立坐标系GNSS网测量中,联测6个IGS参考站点,按B级网的要求解算出了4个控制点在CGCS2000椭球下的独立坐标,并将此作为GNSS控制网的起算数据对剩余23个GNSS控制点进行了平差处理,经过实例分析,该方法可以满足独立坐标系建立要求。     

采用Morse理论的小尺度地形特征提取方法

Li DAR点云为小尺度地表形态的提取与表达提供了精确的数据源,但其高密度性与不确定性,导致应用Morse理论提取的特征点中含有大量的"伪特征点"。这里首先通过定义特征点指数等一系列概念,模拟特征点周围区域的地表形态,建立特征点重要性度量指标与计算方法;然后给出了地表重要特征点的提取算法;最后,进行了试验验证与分析。结果表明:提出的算法优于现有的持续值法与自然法则法,可以有效剔除"伪特征点",实现基于Li DAR点云小尺度复杂地形的特征点精确提取与多层次表达。     

大尺寸高精度三维控制网技术探讨

空间大尺寸机构的位置和姿态测量是诸多领域中不可或缺的必要环节。而传统的一维测量技术在精度、范围和速度上已经无法满足越来越高的需求,因此必须探索新的测量技术和方法。激光跟踪仪的单站坐标测量精度在局部范围内能够达到几十个微米量级,如果要在大尺度空间内同样实现该坐标测量精度,则需要建立全局的精密三维控制网。为了解算控制点全局坐标以及测站的位置和姿态参数,文中基于边角观测值和坐标转换模型建立了激光跟踪仪三维边角网整体平差模型。平差过程中,为了削弱激光跟踪仪测角误差的影响,建立了合理的角度和距离观测值权矩阵,为高精度距离观测值赋予较大的权值,从而对其进行约束。将该方法应用于宝钢不锈钢冷轧厂生产线的安装检测和轧辊轴线平行度测量,基于激光跟踪仪自由设站理论实现大尺寸精密三维控制网的建立,取得了良好效果。     

大兴安岭北段争光金矿英安斑岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素组成

争光金矿位于大兴安岭北段多宝山矿集区内,矿区内火成岩的成岩时代、岩石成因及成岩背景研究薄弱。因此,本文对矿区内英安斑岩进行了主微量元素、锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成的系统研究,以期为探讨同时代火成岩的成因及矿床成矿背景提供帮助。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果表明,争光金矿英安斑岩形成于早奥陶世(478~481Ma)。岩石地球化学特征显示,英安斑岩属准铝-过铝质高钾钙碱性系列,具有SiO_2≥56%(平均为63.91%)、高铝(Al_2O_3平均14.85%)、低镁(MgO平均2.70%)、低Y和Yb(Y=6.00×10~(-6)~7.74×10~(-6),Yb=0.70×10~(-6)~0.92×10~(-6))、高锶(平均368×10~(-6))、高Mg#(56.84~60.60)、轻重稀土分馏明显[(La/Yb)N=8.74~11.54]和Eu异常不明显的特点,类似于俯冲洋壳成因埃达克岩。锆石εHf(t)介于13.03~13.31之间,两阶段模式年龄(tDM2)为605~624Ma。综合岩石地球化学特征和锆石Hf同位素组成,我们认为争光英安斑岩由俯冲的新生洋壳发生部分熔融形成。本文研究结果也表明,早奥陶世,兴安地块和松嫩地块之间存在洋壳,并且该洋壳向兴安地块俯冲。     

西藏朱诺斑岩铜 钼 金矿区侵入岩锆石U Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成及其成矿意义

朱诺斑岩铜钼金矿位于冈底斯成矿带南缘,是近年来在冈底斯斑岩铜矿带最西端新发现的另一大型斑岩型铜-钼-金矿床,但一直以来对该矿区花岗岩年代学及成因分析缺乏系统的研究。本文选择矿区内主要岩浆岩体开展LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,Hf同位素研究。获得黑云母花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为14.14±0.32Ma,76 Hf/177 Hf介于0.282484~0.282750,εHf(t)介于-9.87~-0.49,二阶段模式年龄TDMC介于1.13~1.73Ga、似斑状二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为14.05±0.31Ma,176 Hf/177 Hf介于0.282633~0.282769,εHf(t)介于-4.61~0.21,二阶段模式年龄TDMC介于1.08~1.39Ga之间;角闪闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb年龄为14.10±0.29Ma,除4.1号为继承锆石外,其余测点176 Hf/177 Hf介于0.282607~0.282761,εHf(t)介于-5.53~-0.07,二阶段模式年龄TDMC介于1.10~1.45Ga之间。年代学与Hf同位素结果表明,朱诺斑岩铜矿与斑岩铜矿带中段和东段成岩成矿时代一致,集中在15~13Ma之间,指示了冈底斯在中新世的构造岩浆活动事件。花岗岩Hf同位素组成明显与中-东段斑岩矿床不同,具有富集Hf同位素特征以及古老二阶段模式年龄(1.08~1.73Ga)等特点,反映出朱诺矿区中新世岩浆岩源区与中-东段中新世斑岩矿床明显不同,可能指示古老拉萨地体的印迹。     

Origin and quantitative source assessment of deep oils in the Tazhong Uplift,Tarim Basin

A large amount of deep oil has been discovered in the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin whereas the oil source is still controversial. An integrated geochemical approach was utilized to unravel the characteristics, origin and alteration of the deep oils. This study showed that the Lower Cambrian oil from well ZS1C (

_1x) was featured by small or trace amounts of biomarkers, unusually high concentration of dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), high δ³⁴S of DBTs and high δ¹³C value of n-alkanes. These suggest a close genetic relationship with the Cambrian source rocks and TSR alteration. On the contrary, the Middle Cambrian oils from well ZS1 (

_2a) were characterized by low δ¹³C of n-alkanes and relatively high δ³⁴S of individual sulfur compounds and a general “V” shape of steranes, indicating a good genetic affinity with the Middle–Upper Ordovician source rocks. The middle Cambrian salt rock separating the oils was suggested to be one of the factors responsible for the differentiation. It was suggested that most of the deep oils in the Tazhong Uplift were mixed source based on biomarkers and carbon isotope, which contain TSR altered oil in varied degree. The percentage of the oils contributed by the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician was in the range of 19–100% (average 57%) controlled by several geological and geochemical events. Significant variations in the δ³⁴S values for individual compounds in the oils were observed suggesting a combination of different extent of TSR and thermal maturation alterations. The unusually high DBTs concentrations in the Tazhong-4 oilfield suggested as a result of mixing with the ZS1C oil (

_1x) and Lower Ordovician oils based on δ³⁴S values of DBT. This study will enhance our understanding of both deep and shallow oil sources in the Tazhong Uplift and clarify the formation mechanisms of the unusually high DBTs oils in the region.     

Carbon isotope fractionation of Thermoanaerobacter kivui in different growth media and at different total inorganic carbon concentration

Chemolithotrophic homoacetogenic bacteria apparently express a characteristic stable carbon isotope fractionation and may contribute significantly to acetate production in anoxic environments. However, fractionation factors (ε) in bacterial cultures have rarely been determined and the effect of substrate availability has not been assessed. We therefore studied the kinetic carbon isotope effect in cultures of Thermoanaerobacter kivui grown at 55 °C. The fractionation factor in HCO₃⁻ buffered medium was ca. 15‰ more negative than that in PO₄³⁻ buffered medium. To test whether the difference was caused by the initial substrate ratio of H₂ and total inorganic carbon (TIC; 0.5 in HCO₃⁻ vs. 4.0 in PO₄³⁻ buffered medium), T. kivui was grown in either [3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid, MOPS] buffered or PO₄³⁻ buffered media with different HCO₃⁻ concentration. Indeed, the fractionation factor became more negative with increasing HCO₃⁻ concentration and decreasing H₂/TIC ratio. While pH had only a small effect, the fractionation was generally more negative in MOPS buffered than in phosphate buffered media, indicating that the buffer system also affected fractionation. Collectively, the results show that substrate availability and other environmental factors affect the magnitude of isotope fractionation during acetate production by chemolithotrophic homoacetogenesis.