甘肃南金山金矿床的~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar同位素年龄及其地质意义

南金山金矿是我国西北地区最重要的金矿床之一 ,矿床产于下石炭统白山组浅变质海相火山碎屑岩中。本文通过对金矿床中的蚀变绢云母进行了40 Ar 3 9Ar同位素年龄测定 ,获得了两组数据 ,分别为 2 5 0 .6±2 .8Ma和 2 32 .7± 4.1Ma ,说明南金山金矿的形成经历了两期成矿作用。     

汉源唐家铅锌矿床同位素地球化学特征及地质意义

唐家铅锌矿床赋矿层位是上震旦统灯影组，矿体受构造控制．根据同位素地球化学研究，矿石中硫主要来自围岩地层，成矿介质以循环地下热卤水为主．成矿模式年龄小于赋矿层位年龄．是一典型的沉机－热液改造型铅锌矿床．     

基于多参数指标的长江口滨岸多环芳烃来源辨析

在长江口滨岸及临近排污口、滨岸河流、城市中心城区采集悬浮颗粒物、表层沉积物、街道灰尘等样品, 分别利用GC-MS 和GC-C-IRMS 定量分析了不同环境介质中的多环芳烃 (PAHs) 与有机单体化合物稳定碳同位素(δ¹³C), 开展了基于PAH 环数、分子量特征比值和有机单体化合物稳定碳同位素组成等参数指标的长江口滨岸悬浮颗粒物与表层沉积物中PAHs 源解析研究。研究结果显示, 长江口滨岸悬浮颗粒物与表层沉积物中的PAH 化合物主要以3~4 环为主, 与吴淞排污口、石洞口污水处理厂、黄浦江、滨岸小河流以及上海中心城区等潜在来源区域不同环境介质中的PAHs 组成特征相似, 主要来源于汽油、柴油、煤炭和木材的不完全燃烧以及石油残余物的混合。其中, 木材和煤炭不完全燃烧形成的PAHs 以及石油残余物, 枯季经过滨岸河流及排污口直接输入, 洪季则为城市街道灰尘被暴雨冲刷, 随地表 径流最终汇入河口; 汽车排放(汽油、柴油不完全燃烧) 产生的PAHs 主要富集在城市交通区和商业区的街道灰尘中, 枯季借助区域盛行风迁移至河口区, 洪季则主要通过暴雨径流冲刷进入河口。     

Evaluation of the Residual Mass Fractionation in High-Precision Cr Isotopic Analysis with TIMS

The Cr isotope ratios of terrestrial and extra-terrestrial materials are emerging as one of the most important tracers in geosciences. Previous studies on Cr isotopic measurements using TIMS have found that there is residual Cr isotopic fractionation between the mass-fractionation-corrected ⁵³Cr/⁵²Cr and ⁵⁴Cr/⁵²Cr ratios, which may cause an offset of obtained ratios from the reference values. The residual fractionation was thought to be caused by the evaporation of Cr-oxide species during thermal ionisation, but the mechanism by which this residual fractionation could be reduced remained unclear. Here we revisit the issue of residual fractionation and propose that this problem can be alleviated by utilising W filaments instead of conventionally used Re filaments for Cr ionisation. Using W filaments, the formation of CrO⁺ was suppressed during heating as the filament temperature was ~ 100 °C lower than when Re filaments were used. In repeated measurement of a carbonaceous chondrite, the intermediate precisions of ⁵³Cr/⁵²Cr and ⁵⁴Cr/⁵²Cr ratios in the W filament runs were two to three times better than those of the Re filament runs. Therefore, the new finding of this study will be of key importance for future studies of Cr isotopes for terrestrial and extra-terrestrial materials.     

Application of stable isotope techniques in studies of carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem

Stable isotope techniques have been proved useful as tools for studying the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem. This paper firstly introduced the basic principles and the distribution characteristics of stable isotope, then reviewed the recent advances and applications of stable isotope in the C and N biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem. By applying the 13 C natural abundance technique, ecologists are able to understand the photosynthetic path and CO 2 fixation of plants, the CO 2 exchange and C balance status of ecosystem, the composition, distribution and turnover of soil organic C and the sources of organic matter in food webs, while by using the 13 C labeled technique, the effects of elevated CO 2 on the C processes of ecosystem and the sources and fate of organic matter in ecosystem can be revealed in detail. Differently, by applying the 15 N natural abundance technique, ecologists are able to analyze the biological N 2 -fixation, the N sources of ecosystem, the N transformation processes of ecosystem and the N trophic status in food webs, while by using the 15 N labeled technique, the sources, transformation and fate of N in ecosystem and the effects of N input on the ecosystem can be investigated in depth. The applications of both C and N isotope natural abundance and labeled techniques, combined with the elemental, other isotope ( 34 S) and molecular biomarker information, will be more propitious to the investigation of C and N cycle mechanisms. Finally, this paper concluded the problems existed in current researches, and put forward the perspective of stable isotope techniques in the studies on C and N biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem in the future.     

Trace elements and stable isotopic geochemistry of an Early Cambrian chert-phosphorite unit from the lower Yurtus Formation of the Sugetbrak section in the Tarim Basin

A chert-phosphorite unit from the Sugetbrak section in the Tarim Basin was analyzed for rare earth elements (Ce, Eu), redox sensitive proxies, and carbon isotopic compositions (δ¹³C_carb and δ ¹³C_org) in the lower Yurtus Formation of the Early Cambrian period. Redox sensitive element ratios (Th/U, V/Cr, Ni/Co, and V/Sc) were employed to determine the palaeoenvironmental conditions during this period. The ratios indicated that the depositional environment of the chert-phosphorite-black shale unit ranged from suboxic to anoxic. Negative Ce and positive Eu anomalies in the chert-phosphorite assemblages of the studied Yurtus Formation indicated the existence of a redox-stratified ocean, similar to that of South China. Overturn or upward expansion of the deep water-mass probably reached the shallow marine zone after the formation of the Yurtus phosphorites. The characteristics of the negative Ce anomaly may be due to phosphoritic inheritance from the Ce-depleted signature of the overlying water column. Subsequent hydrothermal inputs and reduced detrital supplies of the deep water caused by the upwelling affected certain redox sensitive elements in the sedimentary basin. δ ¹³C_carb and δ¹³C_org negative excursions in the Yurtus chert-phosphorite unit may be related to a transgression phase when episodic basinal upwelling moved ¹²C- and P-rich waters from the pelagic basin floor to the continental shelf. Although carbon isotopic compositions in the Yurtus chert-phosphorite assemblages may have suffered from diagenetic alteration, they can be used to probe diagenetic conditions. Multi-proxy geochemical studies indicated that the δ ¹³C_carb values of the Yurtus chert-phosphorite assemblages might be considered reflections of a predominantly suboxic environment that was subsequently affected by hydrothermal inputs due to the upwelling.     

猪毛菜在不同降水条件下的水分来源差异研究

通过测定大柴旦与都兰地区猪毛菜木质部水分及其不同潜在水源的稳定性氢氧同位素值,利用多源线性混合模型分析不同水分来源对猪毛菜的贡献率.研究结果表明:大柴旦地区大气降水线为y=7.565x+4.796(R²=0.908),都兰地区大气降水线为y=6.005x-7.856(R²=0.7391),说明两个地区都存在较强的蒸发作用.但是,都兰地区较大柴旦风速大,温度高,雨水蒸发速度快,造成雨水δ¹⁸O偏高,形成比大柴旦地区斜率更小的当地大气降水线.大柴旦和都兰地区的猪毛菜,在两个样地的用水策略上存在显著差异.在降水较少的大柴旦地区,猪毛菜以土壤水为主要水源.在降水较多的都兰地区,则以降水为主要水源.就其对土壤水的使用情况来看,大柴旦的猪毛菜多利用深层土壤水,而都兰地区的猪毛菜却对表层土壤水利用比例较大.两地猪毛菜在生长季的不同时期都存在对利用水源的转换现象.为适应不同地区降水量的变化,猪毛菜根据不同水源调节利用比例.降水格局的改变将导致猪毛菜的水分利用策略发生适应性的变化.     

柴达木盆地碱山深钻的硼同位素地球化学特征

沉积物硼(B)同位素组成可以反映其地质成因及经历的地质过程,因此在许多领域的研究中都有较为广泛的应用。通过对位于柴达木盆地碱山背斜顶部的SG-1b钻孔沉积物(7.3～1.6 Ma)水溶组分的B同位素研究,发现钻孔沉积物B含量在38.55～172.3μg/g之间,平均含量为87.6μg/g;δ~(11)B值的变化范围在3.61‰～16.26‰之间,平均值为10.65‰,B含量与δ~(11)B值具有一定的正相关关系。进一步分析表明,受到碱山背斜构造隆升以及晚新生代以来气候干旱化的影响,柴西古湖逐渐咸化萎缩,沉积环境以及碳酸盐含量、粘土矿物含量及其矿物组合等也在发生变化,B含量和δ~(11)B值自钻孔底部向上的逐步增加以及后期的急剧增加,与水溶离子含量以及矿物和粒度等的变化一致,这说明柴达木盆地晚中新世以来湖泊沉积物的B含量和δ~(11)B值可以很好地反映研究区气候和湖水的演化过程,共同指示了研究区自7.3 Ma以来气候的持续干旱化和湖水盐度的逐步增加,以及3.3Ma以来干旱化和湖水浓缩过程的加剧。     

闽西南古田-小陶花岗质杂岩体的形成时代和成因

古田-小陶花岗质杂岩体是由小陶、古田、华家、蛟洋和姑田等单元组成.小陶、古田和华家单元为含黑云母二长花岗岩,蛟洋和姑田单元是含角闪石黑云母石英二长岩.小陶和古田花岗岩以高SiO2（＞71.77%）、K2O（＞4.67%）和低CaO（＜1.71%）为特征,属于弱过铝-强过铝花岗岩;它们含高的Rb、Nb、Ta、Th、U和低的Sr、Ba含量;稀土（REE）含量和轻重稀土分异（（La/Yb）N）变化大,分别变化于143×10-6～548×10-6,和3.3～26.5,Eu亏损中等到强.姑田和蛟洋单元都以低SiO2,（62.88%～66.38%）和高Al2O3（15.44%～16.51%）为特征.姑田单元的REE总量低而蛟洋单元的REE总量高,但两者的Eu负异常都不明显.华家单元花岗岩的地球化学特征介于上述两组花岗岩之间.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年显示小陶花岗岩形成于222±3Ma,而古田花岗岩形成于161±1Ma.小陶、古田和姑田花岗岩具有相似的87Sr/86Sr初始比值（0.7089～0.7099）和εNd（t）值（-11.1～-11.5）,而且古田和小陶花岗岩的锆石Hf同位素组成也相似,表明它们起源于相同的源区.地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素指示它们的源区物质是具有1.73～1.5Ga平均地壳存留年龄的变质沉积岩.而位于杂岩体南部的华家花岗岩显示明显高的87Sr/86Sr初始比值（0.7310）和更低的εNd（t）值（-16.4）,指示它的母岩浆起源于古元古代壳源物质,暗示杂岩体南北基底组成可能不同.古田花岗岩形成于燕山早期的板内伸展构造背景,而小陶花岗岩形成于印支晚期,地球化学特征以及同时代岩石组合以及构造应力场分析表明其最可能形成于后造山构造背景.     

同位素指示的巴丹吉林沙漠南缘地下水补给来源

通过恢复巴丹吉林沙漠及其周边地区大气降水氚值，并结合区域稳定同位素组合特征，揭示了区域地下水氚年龄的多解性与地下水稳定同位素的温度效应。恢复的1963年核试验期氚高峰值达到2 100 TU，进入90年代平均为60 TU。1960年以来降水补给的地下水氚值都应大于15 TU，而1963年的高峰氚衰变至今应在200 TU左右。地下水实测氚值较低，表明由现代少量降水补给的地下水与大量的古水进行了混合。影响降水中δ18O和δ2H分布的主要影响因子是月平均空气温度，对δ18O与δ2H的影响权重分别占到59.9%和57.0%。巴丹吉林沙漠及其周边地区地下水较低的稳定同位素组成表明，其补给主要是晚更新世较冷环境下形成的，来源于东南部的雅布赖山区，部分浅层地下水接受现代降水与河流的补给。 