The relationship between apparent equilibrium temperature and closure temperature with application to oxygen isotope geospeedometry

Oxygen isotope fractionation between coexisting minerals in slowly cooled rocks conveys information about their cooling history. By using the fast grain boundary （FGB） model to simulate closed-system diffusive ex- change of oxygen isotopes between coexisting minerals, I show that the apparent equilibrium temperatures （Tae） by the mineral pair with the largest isotopic fractionation （PLIF） always lies between the closure temperatures （To） of those two minerals. Therefore, when the rate of oxygen diffusion and hence Tc for the PLIF chance to be comparable （such as in the case of quartz and magnetite）, Tae will serve as a good approximation of To regardless of variation in mineral proportions. The specialty of the PLIF in constraining Tac within their Tc range can be generalized to other stable isotope systems and element partitioning. By approximating Tc with Tac and inverting Dodson＇s equation, the cooling rate of plutonic or metamorphic rocks can be inferred.     

华北地块东部晚中生代至新生代岩石圈不均一减薄与改造模式

本文综合运用不同时代幔源包体平衡温压对比、玄武岩地球化学性质对岩石圈厚度的反演以及不同时代岩石圈地幔地球化学性质的对比的方法，把华北地块东部岩石圈的减薄时间限定在晚中生代至新生代之间。减薄的机制可能是华北东部地区晚白垩世以来大陆岩石圈的拉张作用。由于机械性拉薄和热、机械和化学侵蚀作用，岩石圈厚度最终减薄到70km以下。但古老的岩石圈地幔并没有完全因减薄而消失，残留部分受到了来自软流圈物质的强烈改造，使其Sr、Nd同位素组成类似于软流圈，但Os同位素没有受到明显的改变。改造后的岩石圈地幔成为华北地块东部新生代岩石圈地幔的主体。在时空上，岩石圈的减薄具有不均一的性质。     

西天山CuNi-VTiFe复合型矿化镁铁-超镁铁杂岩 ——哈拉达拉岩体成岩成矿背景特殊性讨论

西天山哈拉达拉镁铁-超镁铁杂岩为一CuNi-VTiFe复合型矿化岩体,主要由橄长岩、橄榄辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、辉长岩和辉绿岩组成。获得岩体中橄榄辉长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为308.8±1.9Ma,辉长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄307.3±8.2Ma。岩石具堆晶结构、辉长-辉绿结构,岩体韵律层发育;各类岩石稀土和微量元素配分曲线模式相似,多具Eu,Sr正异常,它们可能为同一岩浆结晶分异演化的产物;Sr-Nd同位素特征(87Sr/86Sr初始比值=0.703913～0.705259,εNd(t)=4.00～8.42)表明原始岩浆来自于亏损地幔源区。推测哈拉达拉岩体形成于后碰撞造山早期伸展环境、叠加近同期地幔柱活动的特殊地质背景中。     

大别山超高压变质岩带氦同位素组成和某些微量元素分布

报导了大别山超高压变质岩带不同岩岩类型及六安－蔡河地学剖面中氦同位素和某些微量元素的分配分布特征，并讨论了它们的影响因素及其地质意义。     

我即我食vs.我非我食——稳定同位素示踪人体代谢异常初探

稳定同位素分析揭示古代（现代）人群的食物结构,其原理为"我即我食",即人体组织的稳定同位素比值,与其消化吸收转化而来的食物组分,存在着一一对应关系。然而,当人体代谢发生异常时,这种对应关系将被打破,产生"我非我食"现象。目前,探究"我非我食"与古代（现代）人体的健康之联系,已成为生物医学和生物考古界的研究热点。颇为遗憾的是,迄今为止,我国尚无学者对此有所关注。为此,本文以中国北方地区2名代谢性异常患者（直肠癌为例）头发样本为研究对象,通过对人发系列的C、N稳定同位素分析,追踪癌症患者头发同位素值的变化趋势,探讨其生理病理因素与稳定同位素之间的内在关系。研究结果显示：人发C、N同位素比值的变化,与其健康状况密切相关。在直肠癌发病初期,患者的δ13C与δ15N值均呈现出上升趋势,这可能是癌细胞代谢活跃、更多地利用机体中的14N和12C所致,或者与癌细胞具有未知的、独特的代谢途径相关。最后,详细阐述了"我即我食"和"我非我食"的区别和联系,并对如何在我国开展此领域的研究进行了展望。     

胶东招掖郭家岭型花岗岩锆石年代学及其Pb同位素特征

采用SHRIMP测年技术，精确地测定了郭家岭型花岗岩年龄为130-126Ma，主要金矿化在126-120Ma之间，郭家岭型花岗岩与金矿化关系最密切。岩体Pb同位素组成反映了本区所处构造背景。     

四川省拉拉铜矿床同位素地球化学特征及成矿意义

拉拉铜矿床位于康滇地轴西南缘,赋矿围岩是古元古界变质火山岩。通过矿床硫同位素、氢氧同位素、K-Ar同位素、铅同位素、Rb-Sr同位素及辉钼矿中Re-Os同位素的组成特点讨论了成矿时代、物质来源、成矿介质性质及矿床成因等问题。新元古代晋宁期发生的区域变质作用是促使矿床形成的主要成矿作用,古元古代形成的火山岩提供了大部分的成矿物质来源,成矿介质以变质水为主后期有大量地下水的加入。矿床为火山沉积-变质成因的层控型铜矿床。     

Stable Isotope Composition of Rainfall,Surface Water and Groundwater along the Yellow River

The intention of this work is to consider the stable isotopic compositions of oxygen and deuterium in rainfall, surface water and groundwater along the Yellow River in the North China Plain (NCP). This demonstrated that the δ18O values in groundwater varied from –10.17 to –6.85‰, with mean value of –8.76‰, and that the δD ranged from –68.7 to –58.0‰, with mean value of –63.4‰, respectively. The δ18O values in surface water varied from –8.36 to 1.32‰, with mean value of –6.8‰, and δD ranged from –64.4 to –35.1‰, with mean value of –57.6‰, respectively. Further, The range of Cl- values of groundwater varied from 5.9 to 340.5 mg/L and that values ranged from 30.1 to 81.9 mg/L in surface water samples and Na+ value changed from 27.4 to 321 mg/L in groundwater, while that in surface water varied from 24.8 to 50.5 mg/L. Most of the points fall below the GMWL?, but are close to the LMWL.? Therefore the results indicated that the groundwaters along the Yellow River were influenced by rainfall in heavy events and surface water.     

东营凹陷沙河街组湖相碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素组分及其古湖泊学意义

湖相碳酸盐岩的碳、氧稳定同位素分析能提供重要的环境信息。山东东营凹陷沙河街组湖相碳酸盐岩主要分布在沙一段和沙四段。对47个碳酸盐岩样品碳、氧同位素组分的分析表明:沙一段、沙四中和沙四上亚段下部沉积时期东营湖均是程度不同的封闭型湖泊。古盐度和蒸发／降雨:沙四中亚段和沙四上亚段下部沉积时期＞沙一段沉积时期＞沙四上亚段上部沉积时期;古湖水面:沙四上亚段上部沉积时期＞沙一段沉积时期＞沙四中亚段和沙四上亚段下部沉积时期;古生产力:沙一段沉积时期＞沙四上亚段上部沉积时期＞沙四中亚段和沙四上亚段下部沉积时期。     

The Impact of Aqueous Medium on Gas Yields and Kinetic Behaviors of Hydrogen Isotope Fractionation during Organic Matter Thermal Degradation

In order to recognize the impact of aqueous medium on gas yields and the kinetic behaviors of hydrogen isotope fractionation during organic matter thermal degradation, the gold tube apparatus was used to conduct thermal simulation experiments by mixing the nC18 with the water of different properties and proportions. The yields of natural gas components, the relation among hydrogen isotope composition of each component and the experimental temperatures vs. heating rates have been obtained, and the results indicate that under the higher temperature conditions, the hydrous experiment has obvious impact on gas yields, such as when more water is added, higher amounts of hydrocarbon gas and H2 are yielded, and the existence of water obviously prolongs the temperature interval with the existence of heavy hydrocarbon gas. It also shows that the hydrogen isotope of hydrocarbon gas generated by the hydrous experiment is obviously lighter than that generated by the anhydrous experiment, and with the increasing amount of added water, the δD value of hydrocarbon gas gradually decreases. Compared with gas yields, the variation of δD value is more sensitive to aqueous medium in the thermal simulation experiment. However, compared with the amount of the added water, the aqueous medium property has smaller impact on the gas yields, which still shows the inherit effect on hydrogen isotope composition of aqueous medium. Through the model simulation and the isotope fractionation behavior analysis, it is validated that the hydrogen isotope fractionation process can be well described by the chemical kinetic model. The difference of reaction fraction of normal methane and D-containing methane is large, corresponding to the same activation energy. The content of normal methane is obviously higher in the part with lower activation energy, while the content of D-containing methane is higher in the part with higher activation energy. Therefore, it will result in larger hydrogen isotope fractionation amplitude, and the δD values will be more sensitive to the variation of maturity. Meanwhile, the average activation energy of methane generation from nC18 in the hydrous experiment is higher than that in the anhydrous experiment, and the greater amount of added water, the larger the average activation energy of methane generation reaction. This has laid foundation for its exploratory application in the study of gas reservoir forming history and the gas-source correlation, which indicates the research and application prospects in this orientation.