海蜇幼体环介导等温扩增快速检测方法的建立和应用

针对海蜇早期生活史阶段幼体种类鉴定困难的问题,建立一种快速、灵敏、操作简便的环介导等温扩增(LAMP)快速检测方法.根据海蜇的线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅰ基因(COⅠ)编码序列,设计LAMP引物,建立了海蜇幼体LAMP快速检测方法,并对LAMP反应体系、反应温度和反应时间进行了优化.结果表明,LAMP方法对海蜇目的基因的最小检测限为0.1 ng DNA.该检测方法特异性较强,与黄渤海其他常见钵水母种类海月水母、白色霞水母、沙海蜇均无交叉反应.利用本研究建立的海蜇LAMP检测方法对不同海域采集的成体海蜇样品和海蜇螅状幼体进行检测,结果显示,成体海蜇和海蜇幼体均呈现阳性结果,表明海蜇LAMP检测方法可以对海蜇幼体进行快速有效的检测.海蜇LAMP检测方法简单快速、灵敏且特异性强,可使其运用于沿海渔业部门海蜇资源的调查工作.     

黄河北煤田岩浆岩侵入区内矿井地温分布规律研究—以潘店井田为例

通常情况下,地温会随深度增加而呈线性增加,地温影响着井下采掘工作面的环境温度。随着矿井深度的变化,空气所受到的压力状态也随之发生改变。当风流沿井巷向下流动时,空气的压力值增大。空气的压缩会出现放热(或吸热),从而使矿井温度升高。随着矿井向深部开采,井下作业环境条件恶化,岩层温度将达到摄氏几十度的高温。新汶孙村煤矿-800 m水平部分工作面温度高达30~33℃,巨野矿区龙固矿井-850 m水平所有工作面温度高达34~36℃,已严重影响了工人劳动效率。黄河北煤田潘店井田东部有燕山期岩浆岩活动,含煤地层的上中下部均有岩浆岩侵入,针对岩浆岩侵蚀地区采用钻孔简易测温和近似稳态测温等手段,详细查明地温分布规律,通过区内地温资料对比发现,该区有岩浆岩侵蚀影响的地段比没有岩浆岩侵蚀的地段地温高2.6~7.2℃。     

煤层气解吸的温度效应

为了探索温度对煤层气解吸效果的影响,通过对沁水南部寺河煤矿3号煤的吸附/解吸实验,经过数学分析,获得该煤层气吸附/解吸的数学式与等量吸附热表达式。分析认为:随着储层温度升高,饱和吸附量减小;解吸过程滞后于吸附作用的原因主要是非物理吸附常数 c值作用,随着储层温度增高,c值增大;降压解吸伴随吸热(温降),同时阻碍了持续解吸过程。通过提高储层温度来促进解吸过程,在理论上可行,工程中应该受到重视。      

岩土介质中锰的吸附、解吸行为研究

通过吸附、物理解吸及化学解吸试验,模拟地下水污染特征,进而研究地下水重金属污染作用机理.结果表明,供试土壤对锰具有较强吸附能力,其吸附以化学吸附为主,占总吸附量的 90.94%.供试土壤对其吸持能力较强,不易于其迁移,但很容易造成土壤富集,通过植被进入生态系统,危害人体健康.     

On the scavenging of SO2 by cloud and raindrops: II. An experimental study of SO2 absorption and desorption for water drops in air

For the purpose of testing our previously described theory of SO₂ scavenging a laboratory investigation was carried out in the UCLA 33 m long rainshaft. Drops with radii between 250 and 2500 m were allowed to come to terminal velocity, after which they passed through a chamber of variable length filled with various SO₂ concentrations in air. After falling through a gas separating chamber consisting of a fluorocarbon gas the drops were collected and analyzed for their total S content in order to determine the rate of SO ₂ absorption.The SO₂ concentration in air studied ranged between 1 and 60% (v). Such relatively large concentrations were necessary due to the short times the drops were exposed to SO₂ in the present setup. The present experimental results were therefore not used to simulate atmospheric conditions but rather to test our previously derived theory which is applicable to any laboratory or atmospheric condition. Comparison of our studies with the results from our theory applied to our laboratory conditions led to predicted values for the S concentration in the drops which agreed well with those observed if the drops had radii smaller than 500 m. In order to obtain agreement between predicted and observed S concentrations in larger drops, an empirically derived eddy diffusivity for SO₂ in water had to be included in the theory to take into account the effect of turbulent mixing inside such large drops.In a subsequent set of experiments, drops initially saturated with S (IV) were allowed to fall through S-free air to determine the rate of SO ₂ desorption. The results of these studies also agreed well with the results of our theoretical model, thus justifying the reversibility assumption made in our theoretical models.In a final set of experiments, the effects of oxidation on SO₂ absorption was studied by means of drops containing various amounts of H₂O₂. For comparable exposure times to SO₂, the S concentration in drops with H₂O₂ was found to be up to 10 times higher than the concentration in drops in which no oxidation occurred.     

An interpretation of the structure of the Blatherskite Nappe,Alice springs,Northern Territory

The basal unit of the Amadeus Basin sequence is the Heavitree Quartzite, and this formation usually forms a single east‐west ridge along the northern side of the MacDonnell Ranges. However, at Alice Springs there are two such ridges. Basement rocks crop out on the northern side of each ridge, and dolomite and shale of the Bitter Springs Formation crop out on their southern sides. The northern outcrop of dolomite and shale is tightly folded, and is separated from the southern outcrop of basement by a major fault. The bedding of the sediments, the axial plane of the fold, and the fault all dip south at about 45°. Inverted facings on parasitic folds indicate that the northern outcrop of quartzite and dolomite plus shale is an antiform in inverted rocks. Hence the southern outcrop of basement and quartzite is synformal, and is interpreted as the frontal part of a fold nappe. The nappe started as a recumbent anticline whose middle limb of quartzite sheared out as the anticline travelled several kilometres southwards relative to the dolomite and shale below, which formed a tight recumbent syncline. Later monoclinal uplift of the northern half of the area tilted the nappe into its present south‐dipping attitude, thus converting the recumbent anticline into a synform and the recumbent syncline into an antiform.     

萃淋树脂吸附法测金

对萃淋树脂在酸性介质中吸附解脱金及相关体系的条件选择，以及萃淋树脂在生产方面的应用前景进行了实验研究。结果表明，萃淋树脂在稀王水介质中能较好地吸附金，用硫脲解脱金简便完全，检测限达0．002μg／g，吸附率达100％，解脱率99．8％。     

铅在高岭石表面的解吸动力学

经过酸性条件下（pH=3.1)Pb(Ⅱ）高岭石表面解吸动力学的研究，发现解吸反应与吸附反应动力学相似，也是一个二阶段的过程，即初始的快速解吸之后伴随着一个缓慢的释放过程。在快速解吸阶段，7min内解吸量即已达到41％。吸附铅没有完全解吸，有近38％残留在高岭石表面，即解吸和吸附过程不是完全可逆的。解吸过程可以用扩展Elovich方程、Elovich方程、双常数方程和一级扩散方程较好地似合。     

泥页岩吸附气量随地层埋深变化趋势预测分析

泥页岩在地层温度和压力条件下的吸附气量对于资源评价、有利区优选具有重要意义。因此,有必要确定在温度和压力双变量因素影响下页岩的吸附气量及其变化规律。通过合理运用不同温度下的等温吸附实验数据,将温度和压力双变量因素转化为埋深这个单一因素。选取某A样品,进行不同温度下的等温吸附实验,合理利用不同温度点和实验测试压力点的吸附气量数据,并通过温度梯度、压力系数实现温度、压力、埋深之间的相互转换,预测出其它温度点对应的吸附气量,从而建立该样品吸附气量随着埋深变化的定量预测模型。通过该模型计算未测试温度点的吸附量,结果准确可靠,认为该方法可以作为一种计算页岩吸附气含量的新方法。研究表明吸附气量随着深度的变化存在一个深度转折点,在该深度以浅的范围,吸附气量随着深度的增大而增大,压力起决定作用;在该深度以深的范围,吸附气量随着深度的增大而减小,温度起决定作用。     

Geochemical process of fluorine in soil

Fluorine is in the dynamic balance of two geochemical processes, enrichment and leaching, reflecting the adsorption and desorption of fluoride by clay minerals, respectively. The two geochemical processes of fluorine in soil are influenced by factors including geochemical characteristics of soil and clay minerals, pH and sanity of soil solutions, climate, grazing and agriculture activities. Main factors controlling enrichment and leaching process of fluorine in soil can be found with interaction consideration.