长江水下三角洲表层沉积物稀土元素特征

长江水下三角洲表层沉积物稀土元素的含量约为160×10-6,重稀土元素的含量约为42×10-6,稀土元素总量约为202×10-6,轻稀土元素的含量约为重稀土元素含量的4倍。现代三角洲的前缘斜坡轻稀土元素、重稀土元素、稀土元素总量依次大于前三角洲、现代三角洲向晚更新世三角洲过渡区及晚更新世三角洲区。三角洲不同区域稀土元素的分布模式相同,均呈现Eu的负异常,δEu介于0.64~0.70之间,平均0.67,在河海相互作用下,随着河流动力的减弱和海洋动力的加强,Eu的负异常加大。南支外Ce的异常与河口锋带有关,晚更新世三角洲Ce的异常与台湾暖流有关。轻稀土元素在现代三角洲前缘斜坡较富集,而重稀土元素在前三角洲区富集,REE在沉积物中的解吸或部分溶解过程是控制长江水下三角洲表层沉积物稀土元素分布特征的主要因素。长江水下三角洲表层沉积的REE受到粒径和盐度的双重控制。     

固定化海藻对金属离子解吸的实验研究

本文研究了固定化海带吸附含铜、镉溶液的解吸过程，结果表明：在所选的HCl、HNO3、Na2CO3、NaHCO3 4种解吸剂中，HCl、HNO3均有一定的解吸效果，但HCl比HNO3更适合做解吸剂．当解吸剂盐酸的浓度为0．1mol／dm^3时，解吸率最大，     

利用Tween80溶液冲洗修复萘污染地下水模拟实验

采用Tween80溶液冲洗修复萘污染地下水,分析了Tween80溶液质量浓度和冲洗流速对修复效果的影响,并考察了Tween80溶液对萘的增溶效果及对萘在介质上吸附特性的影响。结果表明：萘和Tween80在中砂介质上的吸附分别符合线性吸附和F型吸附;Tween80增溶萘效果较好,10.0 g/L Tween80溶液中,萘的表观溶解度达到500 mg/L,约为水相饱和溶解度的17倍;确定Tween80洗脱萘的临界解吸质量浓度为2.0 g/L;不同质量浓度、不同冲洗流速修复萘污染地下水实验结果表明,10.0 g/L Tween80溶液、3.0 mL/min流速为最佳冲洗修复参数,萘的去除率达到90%以上。     

Formation and kinetics of porous cordierite from fly ash

Porous cordierite ceramics were prepared from a mixture of coal fly ash and basic magnesium carbonate at 1100-1350℃. Porosity, flexural strength and thermal expansion coefficient of the samples sintered at 1300℃ were estimated to be 26%, 65 MPa and 4.21×10^-6/℃, respectively. The kinetics of the formation progress was investigated by stepwise isothermal dilatometry （SID） accompanied with XRD, SEM and porosity measurement. It was found that the isothermal shrinkage data from SID could be well analyzed to get kinetic parameters according to the erapirical rate equation developed by Makipirtti-Meng, dY/dt=nk（T）Y（1-Y）（Y/1-Y）^（1/n）,where Y is the fractional shrinkage during the sintering process and n is a dimensionless component. The apparent activation energy △E values for 900-1000℃ and 1050-1 150℃ were 1294 and 1778 kJ/mol, respectively.     

Modelling metolachlor exports in subsurface drainage water from two structured soils under maize (eastern France)

The study investigated the processes involved in metolachlor transport in two artificially drained, structured soils in eastern France. Measured losses of bromide and metolachlor in drainage water were compared with results simulated by the mechanistic, stochastic AgriFlux model. Simulated drainage water volumes were generally similar to the measured volumes when the spatial variability of the soil water properties was taken into account. When such variability was disregarded, cumulative water volumes of the clay soil were over- or underestimated by more than 20%. Two types of adsorption were tested. For instantaneous, reversible adsorption, using the partition coefficient Koc, metolachlor losses were underestimated in the first drainage water volumes and overestimated for the total study period. The use of slow adsorption and desorption kinetics (ADK) produced an export pattern similar to the observed one. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the simulated results are very sensitive to the values of the ADK rates, especially for the silty loam soil. The effect of ADK on the attenuation of metolachlor exports was more significant than the effect of degradation (2.3 and 6.7 times higher for the clay and silty loam soils, respectively). For the same four-month period, the bromide and metolachlor losses (using ADK) in the clay soil were 2.1 and 1.3 times greater, respectively, if the macroporosity was set at 10% than if it was not simulated. Conversely, macroporosity did not significantly affect these losses in the silty loam. The main factors involved in the metolachlor transport in the studied soils were: (i) the macroporosity, especially in the clay soil because of the low hydraulic conductivity of the matrix and (ii) the sorption kinetics rates which varied according to the soil physico-chemical characteristics.     

Mathematical prediction of lead removal from carbonate-rich illite

The interaction between heavy metal contaminants and surface forces associated with the reactive surfaces of soil particles was studied with the aim of developing an analytical tool that would permit the prediction of heavy metal and soil sorption–desorption phenomena. The predictive model developed in this study considers the energy of the interaction developed between a lead contaminant and illitic soil. Since these energy calculations include both inner and outer sphere complexes, energy balance requirements can be realistically evaluated with respect to environmental mobility. For a comparison between the calculated values obtained from the predictive model and experimentally obtained measurements, laboratory batch equilibrium tests and electro–kinetic tests were used. These were concerned with the sorption–desorption determination of illitic soil samples with the lead contaminant in the form of a lead nitrate solution. The force balance of lead ions indicates that lead ions in the so-called Stern layer, i.e. the first two layers of a water molecule, are non-removable. Good correlations between calculated and measured values were obtained.     

沁水盆地南部高煤级煤储层孔隙分形特征

以沁水盆地南部的20个高煤级煤样品的压汞实验和煤岩煤质分析的结果为依据,探讨了孔隙分形维数的计算方法,分析了盆地南部地区高煤级煤孔隙分形特征。研究表明,高煤级煤孔隙分形无标度区为50nm~100μm,孔隙分维数在2.94~3.21,孔隙分维数与煤变质程度、孔隙度、大孔含量、体积中值孔径呈负相关关系,与中孔含量、吸附孔含量、退汞效率、灰分产率呈正相关关系,而固定碳含量、镜质组质量分数、挥发份产率、兰氏体积则以孔隙分维数3.05为拐点呈双U形或倒双U形变化。孔隙分维数可以作为反映高煤级煤储层吸附能力和解吸能力的一个重要参数,并依据孔隙分维数划分出该区富气易解吸区、富气难解吸区及含气解吸区。     

东台吉乃尔湖晶间卤水综合利用途径研究

本文简述了东台吉乃尔湖晶间卤水蒸发试验，研究了卤水蒸发过程盐析路线及各种盐类析出规律，确定了钠、钾、硼、锂、镁、硫酸根的富集行为，提出了该晶间卤水钾、硼、锂、硫酸根综合利用工艺路线。     

不同变质变形煤储层吸附/解吸特征及机理研究进展

不同变质变形煤储层包括低煤级、中煤级和高煤级变质变形环境中的脆性变形煤、韧性变形煤和过渡型变形煤,不同变质、变形程度和机制对煤层气的吸附/解吸影响较大。干燥煤和平衡水煤的甲烷吸附量随变质程度的增强呈现出不同的变化趋势,干燥煤呈横"S"形且易于解吸,而平衡水煤呈倒"U"字形且吸附/解吸强度皆低于干燥煤样,且解吸过程较干燥煤滞后。构造变形导致煤的大分子结构和纳米级孔隙发生不同程度的改变,进而影响气体的吸附/解吸能力,脆性变形主要增加煤的大、中孔,其基本结构单元堆砌度略有增大,甲烷吸附/解吸程度有所增强;韧性变形主要增加煤的微孔-超微孔,其基本结构单元堆砌度增加较快,煤层气吸附能力增强,降压时韧性变形煤比脆性变形煤具有较高的瞬时解吸速率。由此可见,不同变质变形环境中的煤储层吸附/解吸能力差异较大,这主要是由煤储层内部结构及其影响因素对其制约所决定的。