综合利用测井曲线研究沉积特征及绘制小层岩相图

油水流动的基本单元是单砂层,而单砂层的分布取决于沉积环境,因此合理开发油气田,必须研究小层沉积相。其研究步骤:①从岩芯井着手,观察岩性、韵律、粒序、沉积构造、粒度分布特征和古生物相等,综合判定亚相;②建立小层各亚相的组合测井曲线标准图版,将各井的组合测井曲线与其对比、定相;③绘制小层岩相剖面图、等厚图及平面相带分布图;④分析图件,对沉积环境演化进行探讨。     

地图信息含量的量测研究

本文介绍了地图信息量的量测方法。地图的信息可分为直接信息和间接信息。地图的直接信息来自现有的特征和图形,其中包括位置、注记、语义和色彩四种信息。间接信息不是来自符号本身,要通过分析间接获得。作者利用信息论的原理对地图上的这几种信息的量测法进行了探讨。     

岩石颗粒度测量方法的研究及其应用

本文介绍了三种不同岩石颗粒度的测量方法,点计法,线计法,带计法及两种不同计算程序。颗粒度测量结果研究表明三种不同测量方法及两种不同计算程序之间存在着差別,其中结合野外的实例,其应用结果带计法为最好,线段长度百分比要比颗粒的频率百分比计算程序要好,前者能较客观地反映颗粒的实际搬运时水介质动力条件和沉积物的沉积环境。     

Distribution of thermal areas on an active lava flow field: Landsat observations of Kilauea,Hawaii, July 1991

A Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image acquired on 23 July 1991 recorded widespread activity associated with the Episode 48 of the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. The scene contains a very large number (>3500) of thermally elevated near infrared (0.8–2.35 m) pixels (each 900 m²), which enable the spatial distribution of volcanic activity to be identified. This activity includes a lava lake within Pu'u 'O'o cone, an active lava tube system (7.9 km in length) with skylights between the Kupaianaha lava shield and several ocean entry points, and extensive active surface flows (total area of 1.3 km²) within a much larger area of cooling flows (total16 km²). The production of an average flux density map from the TM data of the flow field, wherein the average flux density is defined in units of Wm^-2, allows for the chronology of emplacement of active and cooling flows to be determined. The flux density map reveals that there were at least three breakouts (>5000 Wm^-2) feeding active flows, but on the day that the data were collected the TM recorded a waning phase of surface activity in this area, based on the relatively large amount of intermediate power-emitting (cooling) flows compared to high power-emitting (active) flows. The production of a comparable flux density map for future eruptions would aid in the assessment of volcanic hazards if the data were available in near-real time.     

Advances in travel geometry and urban modelling

Urban travel geometry is a generalization of patterns of movement in cities and regions where route configuration and prevailing traffic speeds constrain or direct movement in distinctive and repeatable patterns. In this paper we use these properties to construct time surfaces on which distance equates to the time of travel in the urban plane. Such surfaces can be two- or three-dimensional and are useful in the study of urban structure, locational analysis, transport planning and traffic management. A particular niche addressed in this paper is non-conformal time surface transformations in which speed or the cost of travel is constrained according to co-ordinate directions. It is argued that such models may be more suited to gridded and orbital-radial cities than previously used conformal transformations. After explaining the rationale behind the approach, a mathematical basis is developed and several calibrated examples are provided based on regions in the UK. The paper concludes with some examples of potential applications, and an annex provides a detailed mathematical framework. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新版《南极洲全图》的设计特点

从新版《南极洲全图》的数据获取和数学基础,遥感影像的校正方法,在CorelDraw下的数据处理以及地图的色彩设计等方面,探讨了基于彩色地图桌面出版系统生产超大幅面、多源信息集成地图的技术方法。     

城市导航电子地图的道路模型

随着GPS／GIS／GSM车辆导航和监控系统的成熟和普及，导航系统电子地图中的道路数据模型的重要性日益突出。在非导航应用中较少研究的道路交通线模型，在此成了无法回避的且必须理清的问题。本文详细分析了现代城市路口的通行规则，论述了单线模型的缺陷，设计了适用于导航的双线多结点道路模型。     

彩色扫描地形图的自动分色与处理

提出了一种基于颜色特征的地形图要素自动分层的方法，并针对地形图上的图形要素特征，提出了对等高线分版图进行后处理的算法，分析和讨论了该方法和算法的实验效果及效率。     

用Visual Basic编制宗地图绘制程序

对宗地图绘制程序的开发过程进行了阐述,并介绍了其应用实例。     

乡村规划坐标测设的一种方法

通过对某一乡村规划道路中线及拆建边线测设工作的解剖,阐述了在困难地区如何利用大比例尺模拟地形图和规划道路中线交点坐标进行中线加密桩和拆建边线的坐标计算和测设工作。