Characteristics of horizontal ground motion measures along principal directions

<正>Ground motion records are often used to develop ground motion prediction equations(GMPEs) for a randomly oriented horizontal component,and to assess the principal directions of ground motions based on the Arias intensity tensor or the orientation of the major response axis.The former is needed for seismic hazard assessment,whereas the latter can be important for assessing structural responses under multi-directional excitations.However,a comprehensive investigation of the pseudo-spectral acceleration(PSA) and of GMPEs conditioned on different axes is currently lacking.This study investigates the principal directions of strong ground motions and their relation to the orientation of the major response axis, statistics of the PSA along the principal directions on the horizontal plane,and correlation of the PSA along the principal directions on the horizontal plane.For these,three sets of strong ground motion records,including intraplate California earthquakes,inslab Mexican earthquakes,and interface Mexican earthquakes,are used.The results indicate that one of the principal directions could be considered as quasi-vertical.By focusing on seismic excitations on the horizontal plane,the statistics of the angles between the major response axis and the major principal axis are obtained;GMPEs along the principal axes are provided and compared with those obtained for a randomly oriented horizontal component;and statistical analysis of residuals associated with GMPEs along the principal directions is carried out.     

Study on determination of stress level by seismic stress drops and the stress axis deflections before and after large earthquakes

Introduction The study of tectonic stress field, a major branch of the Earth science, plays an important role in geodynamics. The world stress map plan started from 1980s and was leaded by Zoback. Lots of scientists from many countries participated this plan. The plan collected global tectonic stress measurements and research results and established global stress database. The world stress map was edited based on the global stress database. The world stress map reflected feature of global li…     

利用卫星云图资料制作热带气旋预报路径的一种算法

根据台风生成后在云场中移动的环境条件,引入一个环境作用于台风中心的热力梯度力方向,用该热力梯度力方向与当前台风的移动方向相结合,研究台风移动过程的变化规律,寻找一种简易可行的台风路径预报方法．经过多年实践,本文揭示出台风中心未来沿着当前移动方向与环境作用于台风中心的热力方向合成移动的基本规律：当前台风中心移向与前方晴空区中轴线相交时,台风沿着当前移向前进到与阻挡轴线相交点相距4个纬距的位置时便发生偏转,逐渐与阻挡轴线走向趋于一致;若当前台风中心距相交点的距离小于或等于4个纬距时,则从当前位置发生偏转．文中利用以上规律研制出台风移向变化方程和移动轨迹方程．     

新疆中强地震序列特征参数与主震震级的统计关系

系统分析了1970~2007年间新疆境内70个5级以上地震序列的余震持续时间和余震区长轴与主震震级的统计关系,以及主震破裂方式对余震时空特征参数的影响。研究结果表明,新疆及分区地震带余震持续时间和余震区长轴分别与主震震级弱相关,主震震级较低时两者关系离散,震级较高时则呈线性增强。不同的地震带这种线性关系存在差异,对于相同的主震震级,天山地震带余震持续时间一般大于西昆仑地震带,而余震区长轴前者小于后者。新疆地区主震破裂方式对余震的持续时间影响不大,但对余震区长轴影响较大,走滑型主震余震区长轴一般大于逆断型地震。     

Research on regional comprehensive development in developed regions —The case of Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou area

The developed regions are faced with the problems of regional comprehensive development, and the research on regional comprehensive development has become a trend in the world. To optimize regional industrial structure and to select and determine scientifically the spatial development strategy of regional industries are the central themes to be solved for the research on regional comprehensive development in the developed regions. This paper proposed the basis for optimizing regional industrial structure, and the main factors of selecting and determining the regional leading industries. Based on this, the paper puts forward the leading industries and the spatial development strategy in Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou area in the future ten or more years. Combined with the situation of Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou area, the paper also discusses some problems of locating superior developing axis to benefit the rational distribution of regional productive forces.     

对流层高层偏北气流在梅雨暴雨中的作用

文中对江淮梅雨暴雨过程中的高低空流场特征及物理过程进行分析。结果表明:对流层上部青藏高原东侧常有高空偏北大风轴汇入南亚东风急流中。在这支强北风轴北端发现高空辐散和辐散的增长。亦即有利于低层辐合上升的持续、发展和加强;表明了低层西南急流与高空青藏高压东侧的偏北强风轴之间的次级环流圈,有利于梅雨暴雨的持续。     

Emanation-Sedimentary Metallogenic Series and Models of the Proterozoic Rift in the Kangdian Axis

The Kangdian axis basement can be divided into two tectonic layers. The lower tectonic layer is the crystalline basement which is made up of the Archaean Dibadu Formation and early Proterozoic Dahongshan Group. The former is a kata-metamorphic basic volcano-sedimentary formation of the old geosyncline (old continental nucleus), and the latter is a medium-grade metamorphosed alkali-rich basic volcanic (emanation)-sedimentary formation of the Yuanjiang-Dahongshan marginal rift. They are in disconformable contact. The upper tectonic layer is the folded basement, and made up of the middle-late Proterozoic Kunyang Group. It is the result of Dongchuan-Yuanjiang intercontinental rifting with discordant contract with the underlying and overlying strata. Along with the evolution of Proterozoic from early to late, four types of emanation-sedimentary deposits in the Kangdian axis rift were formed in turn: (1) emanation-sedimentary iron-copper-gold deposits related to basic volcanic rocks in the Yuanmou-Dahongshan     

厦门市同安区不同扩展轴上的景观格局梯度分析与比较

城市扩展轴上的景观格局梯度变化特征及其变化原因的研究,是了解城市化对城市景观生态影响过程与机制的一个理想途径.本文选取厦门市同安区为研究对象,采用梯度分析结合景观格局分析方法,分别在沿同集路方向与沿往翔安的324国道方向的城市扩展轴上布设样带,通过移动窗口取样,运用景观格局指数进行景观格局梯度分析与比较.结果表明,在斑块类型水平上,沿同集路方向的扩展轴各项指数受城市化影响较明显,沿324国道方向的则不明显;在景观水平上,城市化造成沿同集路方向扩展轴景观形状更为复杂,景观多样性减少,景观格局由原本的多种景观均势并存转变为以城镇景观为主导的格局,景观更为破碎化,而沿324国道方向景观形状没有明显受城市化影响,但城市化促使景观多样性增加,景观格局由原本的以耕地景观为主导的格局转变为多种景观均势并存的格局,景观破碎化程度方面则没有明显受城市化影响.城市化水平的不同造成了城市扩展轴景观格局梯度变化特征的不同,周边地区城市化水平、城市建设布局模式、地域自然景观特征等因素则影响景观格局梯度变化的幅度与峰值的出现.     

长江经济带建设的若干问题与建议

建设长江经济带是现阶段、新常态下推进中国经济持续、稳定增长的重大战略举措之一。作为全国国土开发的一级轴线,长江经济带具有显著的区位优势、航运优势和相对完善的产业体系,2014年其经济总量占全国的45%左右。但与此同时,也面临着一些跨区域的重大问题,制约着长江经济带的未来发展。通过系统梳理改革开放以来长江经济带发展的主要特征,对长江轴线发展过程中面临的主要问题进行深入解剖,从经济增长、国土空间开发、航运建设、产业发展、资源环境、城镇化和体制机制等7个方面,提出了近期建设长江经济带的若干建议,供政府及学术界参考与讨论。     

Designing a spatial pattern to rebalance the orientation of development and protection in Wuhan

Patterns of spatial development and protection form a basic category of geoscience,and redesigning them is a popular subject of research in regional sustainable development that is important for ecological civilization construction.The authors here report a case study of Wuhan city using the circuit theory model and minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model to rebalance its spatial protection and development.The results show the following:(1)Using the density of the gross domestic product(GDP),density of population,rate of urbanization,and access to transportation as evaluation indicators,seven core areas of development in Wuhan were identified,accounting for 59%of the total number of streets,that exhibited a “circular-satellite”spatial structure.(2)According to the importance of ecosystem services,ecological sensitivity,land use type,and slope of the terrain,the resistance surface of spatial development in Wuhan had a stereoscopic spatial form of an“inverted pyramid,”with high surroundings and a low center.The area of low resistance accounted for 6.64%of the total area of Wuhan.(3)Based on coupling analysis using the MCR and spatial morphological characteristics of current,nine axes of spatial development with a total area of 427.27 km2 and eight key strategic points with a total area of 40.02 km2 were identified.Streets that were prioritized for development accounted for 9.63%of Wuhan's total area.(4)By combining the characterization of the development axis with the structure of the three-level core area,we extracted the structure of spatial development of "one heart,two wings,and three belts" in Wuhan.The research framework and empirical results can provide scientific guidance for the urban spatial layout,the development of regional linkages,and ecological environmental protection in China.