Simultaneous optimization of the performance of flotation circuits and their simplification using the jumping gene adaptations of genetic algorithm-II: More complex problems

The binary-coded elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with the modified jumping gene operator (NSGA-II-mJG) is used to obtain global optimal solutions of flotation circuits. Several single-objective and multi-objective optimization problems are solved using the interconnecting cell linkage parameters (fraction flow rates) and the mean cell residence times as the decision variables. In the single-objective problem, the overall recovery of the concentrate stream is maximized for a desired grade of the concentrate. Two two-objective optimization problems are then solved. In one, the number of non-linking streams and the overall recovery of the concentrate are maximized simultaneously. This gives several simple circuits in a systematic manner with only marginally lower recoveries. In the other two-objective optimization problem, the overall recovery of the concentrate is maximized while the total cell volume is minimized. A three-objective problem (maximization of the overall recovery of the concentrate, maximization of the number of non-linking streams and minimization of the total cell volume) is then solved. All the problems constrain the grade of the product to lie at a fixed value. Finally, a complex and computationally intensive four-objective optimization problem is solved. The solution of several practical optimization problems in this study helps develop useful insights into the optimal solutions.     

1998年与1954年夏季大尺度环流特征的对比分析

对比分析夏季发生在长江全流域两次特大洪涝的１９５４年和１９９８年大尺度环充的特征。指出１９５４年西北太平洋副热带高压第二次季节性北跳明显偏迟,出现在８月初,６～７月副高位置持续偏南,８月副高位置偏北;而１９９８年副高第二次季节性北跳偏早,出现在７月上旬中期,但盛夏７月下旬～８月底副高位持续偏南,这两年夏季亚洲西凤带阻塞高压活动都十分频率,１９９８年更甚。夏季赤道辐合带１９９８年明显弱于１９５４年。     

安徽省2002年盛夏7月跳跃性暴雨过程的卫星监测分析

用GMS-5水汽图像、红外云图、TBB及逐时地面雨量资料分析2002年安徽省二度梅跳跃性暴雨,结果表明：(1)GMS红外云图清楚地揭示出安徽省二度梅跳跃性暴雨整个降水过程是由主雨带三次北跳所造成,清楚地分辨出各阶段直接造成降水的影响系统和性质、不同时段造成降水的云团性质。(2)在水汽图像中可发现红外云图上不易分析和看出的特点,能为预报提供重要参考信息。     

JUMPING OF BELL HOUSES CAUSED BY NEAR-FIELD GROUND MOTION. CASE HISTORIES AND SHAKING TABLE EXPERIMENT

Earthquake-induced jumping of Bell Houses evidenced in epicentral areas of two earthquakes is discussed here. The earthquakes are the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu, Japan earthquake and the 1909 Anegawa, Japan earthquake. Site-investigation was conducted to estimate vibration characteristics of the House and the ground. A series of shaking-table experiments, using models of a Bell House, demonstrated that the jumping followed by remarkable displacement can take place even by horizontal ground motion alone, when the strong motion is abruptly applied in the direction diagonal to the framework of the Bell House. The jumping process in the model experiment seems to be consistent with observations at real Bell Houses. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthetic fluid inclusions - VI. Quantitative evaluation of the decrepitation behaviour of fluid inclusions in quartz at one atmosphere confining pressure

ABSTRACT The decrepitation behaviour of fluid inclusions in quartz at one atmosphere confining pressure has been evaluated using pure H₂O synthetic inclusions formed by healing fractures in natural quartz. Three different modes of non-elastic deformation, referred to as stretching, leakage or partial decrepitation, and total decrepitation have been observed. The internal pressure required to initiate non-elastic deformation is inversely related to inclusion size according to the equation: internal pressure (kbar) = 4.26 D^-0.423 where D is the inclusion diameter in microns. Regularly shaped inclusions require a higher internal pressure to initiate non-elastic deformation than do irregularly shaped inclusions of similar size. Heating inclusions through the α/β quartz inversion results in mechanical instability in the quartz crystal and leads to mass decrepitation of inclusions owing to structural mismatches generated by pressure gradients in the quartz around each inclusion. Long-term heating experiments (∼2 years) suggest that the internal pressure required to initiate non-elastic deformation does not decrease significantly with time and indicates that short-lived thermal fluctuations in natural systems should not alter the inclusion density and homogenization temperature. Inclusions that do exhibit decreased density (higher homogenization temperature) are, however, always accompanied by a change in shape from irregular to that of a negative crystal. Observations of this study are consistent with elasticity theory related to fracture generation and propagation around inclusions in minerals. These results indicate that an inclusion will not be influenced by a neighbouring inclusion, or other defect in the host phase, as long as the distance between the two is >2–4 diameters of the larger of the two inclusions.     

山东招掖金矿带控矿断裂断面迁移规律及其意义

本文重点探讨了矿体在断裂带内的赋存规律。通过对招掖金矿带内各主要控矿断裂(带)的详细研究,并对其代表性构造岩进行了系统的镜下观察和化学分析,笔者着重论述了控矿断裂断面迁移的存在和演化,并用断面迁移的观点对断裂的控矿机制进行了讨论。文章明确指出,不同形式的断面迁移具有不同的控矿意义,进而总结了矿体在断裂(带)中的产出规律。     

Continental margin basins in East Asia: tectonic implications of the Meso‐Cenozoic East China Sea pull‐apart basins

The East China Sea basins, located in the West Pacific Continental Margin (WPCM) since the late Mesozoic, mainly include the East China Sea Shelf Basin (ECSSB) and the Okinawa Trough (OT). The WPCM and its adjacent seas can be tectonically divided into five units from west to east, including the Min‐Zhe Uplift, ECSSB, the Taiwan–Sinzi Belt, OT, and the Ryukyu Island Arc, which record regional tectonic evolution and geodynamics. Among those tectonic units, the ECSSB and the OT are important composite sedimentary pull‐apart basins, which experienced two stages of strike‐slip pull‐apart processes. In seismic profiles, the ECSSB and the OT show a double‐layer architecture with an upper half‐graben overlapping on a lower graben. In planar view, the ECSSB and the OT are characterized by faulted blocks from south to north in the early Cenozoic and by a zonation from west to east in the late Cenozoic. The faulted blocks with planar zonation and two‐layer vertical architecture entirely jumped eastward from the Min‐Zhe Uplift to the OT during the late Cenozoic. In addition, the whole palaeogeomorphology of the ECSSB changed notably, from pre‐Cenozoic highland or mountain into a Late Eocene continental margin with east‐tilting topography caused by the eastward tectonic jumping. The OT opened to develop into a back‐arc basin until the Miocene. Synthetic surface geological studies in the China mainland reveal that the Mesozoic tectonic setting of the WPCM is an Andean‐type continental margin developing many sinistral strike‐slip faults and pull‐apart basins and the Cenozoic tectonic setting of the WPCM is a Japanese‐type continental margin developing dextral strike‐slip faults and pull‐apart basins. Thus, the WPCM underwent a transition from Andean‐type to Japanese‐type continental margins at about 80 Ma (Late Cretaceous) and a transition in topography from a Mesozoic highland to a Cenozoic lowland, and then to below sea‐level basins. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.