Processes of magma/wet sediment interaction in a large-scale Jurassic andesitic peperite complex, northern Sierra Nevada, California

 The Middle Jurassic Tuttle Lake Formation in the northern Sierra Nevada, California, comprises a thick volcaniclastic sequence deposited in a submarine island-arc setting and penetrated by numerous related hypabyssal intrusions. A composite andesite-diorite intrusive complex ≥4.5 km long and ≥1.5 km thick was emplaced while the host Tuttle Lake sediments were still wet and unconsolidated. Large parts of the intrusive complex consist of peperite formed where andesitic magma intruded and intermixed with tuff, lapilli-tuff and tuff-breccia. The southern half of the complex consists of augite-phyric andesite containing peperite in numerous small, isolated pockets and in more extensive, laterally continuous zones. The peperites comprise three main types recognized previously in other peperite studies. Fluidal peperite consists of small (≤30 cm), closely spaced, at least partly interconnected, globular to amoeboid andesite bodies enclosed by tuff. This peperite type developed during intrusion of magma into fine-grained wet sediment along unstable interfaces, and fluidization of the sediment facilitated development of complex intrusive geometries. Blocky peperite and mixed blocky and fluidal peperite formed where magma intruded coarser sediment and underwent variable degrees of brittle fragmentation by quenching and dynamic stressing of rigid margins, possibly aided by small steam explosions. The northern half of the intrusive complex consists predominantly of a different type of peperite, in which decimetre-scale plagioclase-phyric andesite clasts with ellipsoidal, elongate, or angular, polyhedral shapes are closely packed to widely dispersed within disrupted host sediment. Textural features suggest the andesite clasts were derived from conduits through which magma was flowing, and preserved remnants of the conduits are represented by elongate, sinuous bodies up to 30 m or more in length. Disruption and dispersal of the andesite clasts are inferred to have occurred at least partly by steam explosions that ripped apart a network of interconnected feeder conduits penetrating the host sediments. Closely packed peperite is present adjacent to mappable intrusions of coherent andesite, and along the margin of a large mass of coarse-grained diorite. These coherent intrusions are considered to be major feeders for this part of the complex. Examples of magma/wet sediment interaction similar in scale to the extensive peperites described here occur elsewhere in ancient island-arc strata in the northern Sierra Nevada. Based on these and other published examples, large-scale peperites probably are more common than generally realized and are likely to be important in settings where thick sediment sequences accumulate during active volcanism. Careful mapping in well-exposed terrains may be required to recognize large-scale peperite complexes of this type. Received: 8 June 1998 / Accepted: 4 December 1998     

Geochemistry,zircon U–PB ages and HF isotopes of the Muong Luan granitoid pluton,Northwest Vietnam and its petrogenetic significance

The Indosinian Orogeny plays a significant role in tectonic background and magmatic evolution in Indochina and surrounding regions. Being a part product of the Indosinian magmatism in northwest Vietnam during late Permian–middle Triassic period, Muong Luan granitoid pluton dominantly consists of granodiorite, less diorite and granite. This pluton is located in the Song Ma suture and assigned to the Dien Bien complex. Geochemically, the Muong Luan granitoid rocks are characterized by a wide range of SiO₂ contents (59.9–75.1 wt%) and high K₂O contents. They display typical features of I‐type granites. The presence of hornblende and no muscovite and cordierite in the rocks further supports for I‐type character of granitoids. The emplacement age of the Muong Luan pluton obtained by LA–ICP–MS U–Pb zircon is at 242–235 Ma, corresponding to Indosinian time. Zircon ε_Hf values of –5.6 to –10.4, in combination with moderate Mg values of 34–45 suggested that the Muong Luan granitoid was derived from partial melting of mafic crustal source rocks, which are probably Paleoproterozoic in age as revealed by Hf model ages (T_DM2 = 1624–1923 Ma).     

U-Pb zircon dating,Sr-Nd isotope and petrogenesis of Sarduiyeh granitoid in SE of the UDMA,Iran: implication for the source origin and magmatic evolution

ABSTRACT

The Sarduiyeh granitoid (SG) is intruded in the southeastern part of the Dehaj-Sarduiyeh volcano-sedimentary belt in the southeastern end of the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) in Iran. The medium-to-coarse-grained granitoid unit, with granular texture consists mainly of diorite, tonalite, granodiorite and monzogranitic rocks. Mineralogically, these rocks consist mainly of plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, biotite and hornblende. The whole rock geochemical analyses indicates that the SG is calc-alkaline, I-type, metaluminous, enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE; such as K, Cs, Pb) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE; such as Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr). Chondrite normalized plot of SG rare earth elements (REE) show light rare earth element enrichments with (La_N/Yb_N = 2.44–8.68) and flat heavy rare earth element patterns with (Gd_N/Yb_N = 1.02–1.36). The rather high Y (av. 19.35 ppm), low Sr content (av. 293.76 ppm) and low Cr and Ni contents (av. 20.1 and 4.69 ppm, respectively) of the SG demonstrate its normal calc-alkaline and non-adakitic nature, the features of Jebal Barez-type granitoids. The geochemical characteristics and isotopic composition, low I_Sr (0.7046–0.7049) and positive ?^tNd (+3.4 to +4.03) values, of the SG suggest that its parental magma formed as a result of partial melting from metabasic rocks of lower crust in a subduction-related arc setting. Fractionation of an assemblage dominated by plagioclase, K-feldspar, amphibole and magnetite may have been responsible for the evolution of the SG magma. U-Pb zircon geochronology gives an age of 27.95 ± 0.27 Ma for the SG, suggesting that the final collision between the Arabian plate and Central Iranian microcontinent may have happened in the Late Oligocene.     

西昆仑造山带花岗岩形成的构造环境

西昆仑造山带花岗岩存在６个大的侵入旋回和９个侵入期,分别形成于洋脊环境、火山弧环境、碰撞后隆起环境和造山晚期相对拉张环境。前３种环境形成的花岗岩记录了洋盆形成→洋壳俯冲→陆－陆碰撞过程,而后两者则历程地反映了碰撞期后岩石圈构造演化的深部机制。     

西秦岭北缘新元古代花岗质片麻岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

西秦岭造山带北缘古元古界变质杂岩中新识别出新元古代元龙花岗质片麻岩和新阳花岗质片麻岩。花岗质片麻岩中锆石Th/U比值较高,阴极发光图象显示锆石内部发育振荡环带,具岩浆成因特点。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为914.7±7.6Ma(MSWD=4.8)、978.5±4.8Ma(MSWD=1.5)和935.5±3.1Ma(MSWD=1.3),表明花岗岩岩体形成于新元古代,反映了新元古代早期西秦岭北缘存在一次俯冲碰撞事件,与Rodinia超大陆的汇聚事件具有一致性。     

凭祥-东门大断裂中段特征及控岩控相初析--以宁明-板利地区为例

文章收集了凭祥-东门大断裂在宁明-板利地区的详细资料,研究该断裂在该地区的表现特征,分析其活动性质及期次,阐明了该大断裂具有多期次活动的特点,并且在不同期次和不同地段具有不同的活动特点和表现形式,在此基础上结合区域地层、岩石特征,阐明其对区域的控岩、控相作用,为三级构造单元界线的划分提供了基础资料.     

内蒙古东南部晚古生代裂谷区花岗质岩石锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义

该区花岗质岩石主要岩性为石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩。通过对石英闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年[1],所获得年龄为(313±5)Ma～(323±4)Ma,属于晚石炭世侵入体;前进场和达青二长花岗岩各单元岩体均侵入了该区早二叠世寿山沟组海陆交互相碎屑沉积岩,侵入接触关系明确,红柱石角岩发育。测得前进场岩体和达青岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄分别为(280.8±3.6)Ma和(281.5±0.5)Ma,说明岩体形成于早二叠世晚期;乌兰陶勒盖正长花岗岩岩体获得了259Ma、羊角林高勒二长花岗岩为246～216Ma的U-Pb同位素年龄,说明在晚二叠世—三叠世又有一次侵入高峰。石炭—二叠纪裂谷发育时期,部分跨入三叠纪,先后有3次侵入高峰,即晚石炭世的石英闪长岩、早二叠世的英云闪长岩—二长花岗岩、晚二叠世—三叠纪的二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩。     

稀土元素地球化学对太古宙花岗岩类成因的判别

太古宙花岗岩类的成因是地学界争论颇久的问题。本文以稀土元素地球化学理论论证了北京、辽吉地区某些花岗岩为岩浆成因而非混合岩构成的“地层”。文章论述了主元素特征为钾质花岗岩的岩体实是钾化的TTG岩体 ,论述了主元素成分相同的TTG岩石具不同的稀土图谱 ;被长英质细脉注入的TTG岩石受混染作用改造稀土图谱也发生了变化 ;各种各样非TTG成分的岩石由于硅质的渗透被改造为TTG质岩石。这些实例说明 ,必须进行岩石学、矿物学和地球化学的综合研究才能判定太古宙形形色色的花岗质岩石。     

南岭地区中生代主要成锡花岗岩地质地球化学特征与锡矿成矿规律

南岭中生代成锡花岗岩系花岗质岩浆多期或多阶段侵位和结晶的产物。空间上往往集中成群成带分布,构成多个复式岩基,明显受华夏和扬子两大地块接合部NE向深大断裂及NW向隐伏深大断裂的控制;中生代成锡花岗岩主要侵位于燕山期,成矿作用主要有两期,一是早期矽卡岩化导致锡的初步富集,二是晚期岩浆热液叠加形成了工业锡矿床。锡成矿作用与燕山期伸展背景下的大规模花岗岩浆活动密切相关。     

Thermal evolution of the Tseel terrane,SW Mongolia and its relation to granitoid intrusions in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The timing and thermal effects of granitoid intrusions into accreted sedimentary rocks are important for understanding the growth process of continental crust. In this study, the petrology and geochronology of pelitic gneisses in the Tseel area of the Tseel terrane, SW Mongolia, are examined to understand the relationship between igneous activity and metamorphism during crustal evolution in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Four mineral zones are recognized on the basis of progressive changes in the mineral assemblages in the pelitic gneisses, namely: the garnet, staurolite, sillimanite and cordierite zones. The gneisses with high metamorphic grades (i.e. sillimanite and cordierite zones) occur in the central part of the Tseel area, where granitoids are abundant. To the north and south of these granitoids, the metamorphic grade shows a gradual decrease. The composition of garnet in the pelitic gneisses varies systematically across the mineral zones, from grossular‐rich garnet in the garnet zone to zoned garnet with grossular‐rich cores and pyrope‐rich rims in the staurolite zone, and pyrope‐rich garnet in the sillimanite and cordierite zones. Thermobarometric analyses of individual garnet crystals reveal two main stages of metamorphism: (i) a high‐P and low‐T stage (as recorded by garnet in the garnet zone and garnet cores in the staurolite zone) at 520–580 °C and 4.5–7 kbar in the kyanite stability field and (ii) a low‐P and high‐T stage (garnet rims in the staurolite zone and garnet in the sillimanite and cordierite zones) at 570–680 °C and 3.0–6.0 kbar in the sillimanite stability field. The earlier high‐P metamorphism resulted in the growth of kyanite in quartz veins within the staurolite and sillimanite zones. The U–Pb zircon ages of pelitic gneisses and granitoids reveal that (i) the protolith (igneous) age of the pelitic gneisses is c. 510 Ma; (ii) the low‐P and high‐T metamorphism occurred at 377 ± 30 Ma; and (iii) this metamorphic stage was coeval with granitoid intrusion at 385 ± 7 Ma. The age of the earlier low‐T and high‐P metamorphism is not clearly recorded in the zircon, but probably corresponds to small age peaks at 450–400 Ma. The low‐P and high‐T metamorphism continued for c. 100 Ma, which is longer than the active period of a single granitoid body. These findings indicate that an elevation of geotherm and a transition from high‐P and low‐T to low‐P and high‐T metamorphism occurred, associated with continuous emplacement of several granitoids, during the crustal evolution in the Devonian CAOB.