西天山智博铁矿地球化学特征及地质意义

新疆和静县智博铁矿床位于西天山阿吾拉勒铁矿带东段,矿体呈层状、似层状、透镜状,赋存于下石炭统大哈拉军山组火山岩系中。矿床的成矿过程分为岩浆期和热液期两个成矿期,其中热液成矿期分为硅酸盐-氧化物阶段、硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。磁铁矿石和火山岩围岩稀土元素配分模式均为轻稀土相对富集的平缓右倾型,轻、重稀土元素之间分馏程度强,轻稀土元素及重稀土元素内部分馏程度均较弱,Eu负异常或异常不明显,无Ce异常。矿石和火山岩围岩微量元素配分曲线特征总体上基本一致,相对富集Rb、U等元素,亏损Ba、Ta、Nd、Ti等元素。磁铁矿δ18O值(3.7%~3.9%)与岩浆成因磁铁矿的δ18O值一致,δ32S值整体表现为幔源硫或岩浆硫特征。这些稀土、微量元素及同位素地球化学特征说明本区矿石和火山岩围岩具有同源性,成矿物质来源于大陆岛弧环境下的深源岩浆;该岩浆形成于准噶尔洋洋壳向南中天山-伊犁地块之下俯冲的岛弧环境中,岩浆在上侵过程中发生一定程度的地壳混染。结合矿床地质特征,认为智博铁矿的形成与岩浆活动有关,受矿浆贯入影响,后期热液作用对成矿有一定的贡献。     

Immobilization of Cu and As in two contaminated soils with zero-valent iron – Long-term performance and mechanisms

Immobilization of trace elements in contaminated soils by zero-valent iron (ZVI) is a promising remediation method, but questions about its long-term performance remain unanswered. To quantify immobilization and predict possible contaminant remobilization on long timescales detailed knowledge about immobilization mechanisms is needed. This study aimed at assessing the long-term effect of ZVI amendments on dissolved copper and arsenic in contaminated soils, at exploring the immobilization mechanism(s), and at setting up a geochemical model able to estimate dissolved copper and arsenic under different scenarios. Samples from untreated and ZVI-treated plots in two field experiments where ZVI had been added 6 and 15 years ago were investigated by a combination of batch experiments, geochemical modeling and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Dissolved copper and arsenic concentrations were described by a multisurface geochemical model with surface complexation reactions, verified by EXAFS. The ZVI remained “reactive” after 6–15 years, i.e. the dissolved concentrations of copper and arsenic were lower in the ZVI-treated than in the untreated soils. There was a shift in copper speciation from organic matter complexes in the untreated soil to surface complexes with iron (hydr)oxides in the ZVI-treated soil. The pH value was important for copper immobilization and ZVI did not have a stabilizing effect if pH was lower than about 6. Immobilization of arsenic was slightly pH-dependent and sensitive to the competition with phosphate. If phosphate was ignored in the modeling, the dissolution of arsenate was greatly underestimated.     

西昆仑切列克其菱铁矿床地质地球化学特征及其对矿床成因的制约

新疆西昆仑切列克其菱铁矿床位于喀喇昆仑造山带的西北缘,处于我国西部著名的塔什库尔干铁矿成矿带内。近年来,切列克其铁矿的地质找矿取得较大突破,在原矿区以北新发现切北菱铁矿,矿床规模已升级为大型铁矿。鉴于该矿床的显著变化,本文拟对新的切列克其大型菱铁矿床成矿地质特征进行总结,通过大量的野外工作、镜下鉴定、矿床地球化学和稳定同位素研究确定矿床成因,为今后该区域同类型矿床的找矿勘查与地质研究工作提供参考。新的切列克其菱铁矿区共包括4个主矿群和北部隐伏矿体群(I、II、III、IV及Fe1~5),共26条矿体,主要赋存于中下志留统达坂沟群的黑云母石英片岩夹白云母片岩以及大理岩段。主矿体呈似层状、透镜状,总体走向近东西向—北西向,倾向北,倾角在22°~30°之间,矿体长度140~605m,平均厚度1.80~39.92m,全铁品位38.00%~47.52%。菱铁矿石构造多样,有代表原始沉积作用形成的块状、层状、条带状或纹层状构造和后期变质及热液叠加作用形成的假波纹、晶洞、脉状和浸染状构造。矿石最主要的结构是自形—半自形粒状变晶结构。矿石矿物主要为菱铁矿(部分被氧化成赤铁矿),矿物含量可达70%~80%或更高;脉石矿物主要为石英(10%~25%)、白云母(3%~5%)和少量黄铁矿、石墨、电气石、磷灰石等。切列克其铁矿的成矿主要经历了沉积成岩成矿期、区域变质改造期和岩浆热液叠加改造三个时期。通过对矿石的地球化学和稳定同位素分析,反映研究区志留纪为陆棚碎屑滨浅海相沉积环境;矿石样品的Al-Fe-Mn图解、轻稀土明显亏损、正Eu异常(δEu为1.54~2.82)、Ce异常不明显(δCe值为0.90~0.99)等均反映矿床具热水沉积特征;菱铁矿的δ~(18) O、δD同位素反映成矿流体叠加成因特点。综合以上因素和对其形成环境的探讨,研究认为该矿床成因属海相热水沉积型,并有后期热液叠加改造。     

An Innovative Approach to Meteorite Analysis by Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

An innovative approach of double pulse laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP‐LIBS) coupled with optical microscopy was applied to the characterisation and quantitative analysis of the Agoudal iron meteorite in bulk sample and in petrographic thin section. Qualitative analysis identified the elements Ca, Co, Fe, Ga, Li and Ni in the thin section and the whole meteorite. Two different methods, calibration‐free LIBS and one‐point calibration LIBS, were used as complementary methodologies for quantitative LIBS analysis. The elemental composition data obtained by LIBS were in good agreement with the compositional analyses obtained by traditional methods generally applied for the analysis of meteorites, such as ICP‐MS and EDS‐SEM. Besides the recognised advantages of LIBS over traditional techniques, including versatility, minimal destructivity, lack of waste production, low operating costs, rapidity of analysis, availability of transportable or portable systems, etc., additional advantages of this technique in the analysis of meteorites are precision and accuracy, sensitivity to low atomic number elements such as Li and the capacity to detect and quantify Co contents that cannot be obtained by EDS‐SEM.     

西昆仑甜水海地块大红柳滩铁矿床成因浅析及找矿意义

位于西昆仑甜水海地块东段的大红柳滩赤铁矿是近几年发现的大型铁矿床,产于震旦纪甜水海岩群滨浅海相浅变质碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩中,赋矿岩性主要为含铁白云质大理岩、白云母石英片岩和硬绿泥石白云母石英片岩。通过矿体形态特征、矿物组合和矿石结构构造分析,认为该时期存在缺氧富铁洋盆或者深水盆地,矿床的形成经历了铁质沉积和变质改造两个阶段,属于新元古代沉积变质成因条带状硅铁建造矿床(BIF),找矿潜力巨大。该矿床是继塔什库尔干县一带发现了多个与火山岩建造密切相关的大型规模Algoma型BIF之后的重大找矿突破,也是西昆仑地区首次发现该类型矿床。深入开展该矿床的地质特征及勘探工作,能够指导西昆仑铁矿的下一步找矿方向,推进新疆地区条带状含铁建造(BIF)研究和西昆仑构造格局演化的认识。     

老挝北部华潘省(Houaphanh)华芒(Houamuang)铁矿床地质特征及找矿标志

老挝是我国近年来国外风险勘查重点支持的东南亚国家之一。通过路线地质调查、磁法剖面测量和槽探等勘查工作,在华潘省华芒县发现了一个优质富铁矿床,暂且称之为"华芒铁矿床"。本文着重从地层、构造、岩浆岩等三个方面与成矿的关系,阐述了华芒铁矿床地质特征及找矿标志,为后续找矿指明了方向。     

从磁异常探讨德勒诺尔铁矿构造对矿体的控制作用

德勒诺尔铁矿赋矿地层形成时代为中元古代,其后经历过多期多次构造叠加作用,变形变质作用较为复杂。成矿期后的断裂、褶皱、节理等构造十分发育,受褶皱和断裂构造的影响,矿体的空间形态和产状极其复杂,给钻探工程部署造成很大困难。本文在地面磁测数据处理、转换及构造增强的基础上,对其所蕴含的深部构造信息进行了提取和解释,初步建立起了矿区的基本构造格架,揭示了不同期次、不同方向、不同性质的构造对矿体的控制作用,较好地解决了矿体形态复杂的找矿难题,有效提高了钻探工程的见矿率。     

安徽庐枞盆地泥河铁矿床成矿流体性质:来自He-Ar-H-O同位素的证据

安徽庐江泥河铁矿床位于长江中下游成矿带庐枞中生代火山岩盆地,受控于切穿至Moho面的罗河-缺口断裂,矿床具有典型玢岩型铁矿的特征。泥河铁矿床硬石膏-透辉石-磁铁矿阶段流体3He/4He=0.14~0.76Ra(平均0.3548Ra),40Ar/36Ar=262.2~364.9(平均299.3),δ18OSMOW=-2.16‰~5.04‰,δDSMOW=-40.7‰~-34.8‰;硬石膏-黄铁矿-磁铁矿阶段流体3He/4He=0.0108~0.1301Ra(平均0.0697Ra),40Ar/36Ar=221.4~401.4(平均315.1),δDSMOW=-31.8‰~-15.4‰,δ18OSMOW=-2.72‰~1.88‰;高岭石-硬石膏-石英-黄铁矿阶段流体3He/4He=0.0162~0.0223Ra(平均0.0193Ra),40Ar/36Ar=312.5~367.6(平均340.05),δDSMOW=-25‰~-8‰,δ18OSMOW=-6.59‰~-4.89‰。成矿流体的同位素特征显示,幔源流体可能参与了泥河铁矿床早期的成矿作用,后期改造型饱和大气降水逐步加入并占据成矿作用的主导地位。研究结果表明,长江中下游地区中生代强烈的壳幔相互作用,是形成区域巨量金属矿床的重要机制,区域的深大断裂构成了幔源岩浆、幔源物质参与浅部成矿的通道。     

The Orosirian-Statherian banded iron formation-bearing sequences of the southern border of the Espinhaço Range,Southeast Brazil

The Serra da Serpentina and the Serra de São José groups are two distinct banded iron formation-bearing metasedimentary sequences along the eastern border of the southern Espinhaço Range that were deposited on the boundary between the Orosirian and Statherian periods.The Serra da Serpentina Group (SSG) has an Orosirian maximum depositional age (youngest detrital zircon grain age = 1990 ± 16 Ma) and consists of fine clastic metasediments at the base and chemical sediments, including banded iron formations (BIFs), on the top, corresponding to the Meloso and Serra do Sapo formations, respectively, and correlating with the pre-Espinhaço Costa Sena Group. The SSG represents sedimentary deposition on an epicontinental-epeiric, slow downwarping sag basin with little tectonic activity.The younger Serra de São José Group (SJG) is separated from the older SSG by an erosional unconformity and was deposited in a tectonically active continental rift-basin in the early stages of the opening of the Espinhaço Trough. The Serra do São José sediments stretch along the north-south axis of the rift and comprise a complete cycle of transgressive sedimentary deposits, which were subdivided, from base to top, into the Lapão, Itapanhoacanga, Jacém and Canjica formations. The Itapanhoacanga Formation has a maximum depositional age of 1666 ± 32 Ma (Statherian), which coincides with the maximum depositional age (i.e., 1683 ± 11 Ma) of the São João da Chapada Formation, one of the Espinhaço Supergroup's basal units. The Serra de São José Rift and the Espinhaço Rift likely represent the same system, with basal units that are facies variations of the same sequence.The supracrustal rocks have undergone two stages of deformation during the west-verging Brasiliano orogeny that affected the eastern margin of the São Francisco Craton and generated a regional-scale, foreland N–S trending fold-thrust belt, which partially involved the crystalline basement. Thrust faults have segmented the terrain into a large number of tectonic blocks, where the stratigraphic sequence was nevertheless well preserved.     

Geochemistry and Genesis of Iron-apatite Ore in the Khanlogh Deposit, Eastern Cenozoic Quchan-Sabzevar Magmatic Arc, NE Iran

The Khanlogh deposit in the Cenozoic Quchan-Sabzevar magmatic belt, NE Iran, is hosted by Oligocene granodioritic rock. The Khanlogh intrusive body is I-type granitoid of the calc-alkaline series. The orebodies are vein, veinlet, massive, and breccia in shape and occur along the fault zones and fractures within the host rock. Ore minerals dominantly comprise magnetite and apatite associated with epidote, clinopyroxene, calcite, quartz, and chlorite. Apatites of the Khanlogh deposit have a high concentration of REE, and show a strong LREE/HREE ratio with a pronounced negative Eu anomaly. Magnetites have a high concentration of REE and show weak to moderate LREE/HREE fractionation. They are comparable to the REE patterns in Kiruna-type iron ores and show an affinity to calc-alkaline magmas. The Khanlogh deposit is similar in the aspects of host rock lithology, alteration, mineralogy, and mineral chemistry to the Kiruna-type deposits. Field observations, hydrothermal alteration halos, style of mineralization, and the geochemical characteristics of apatite, magnetite, and host rock indicate that these magnetite veins have hydrothermal origin similar to Cenozoic Kiruna-type deposits within the Tarom subzone, NW Iran, and are not related to silica-iron oxide immiscibility, as are the major Precambrian magnetite deposits in central Iran.