西藏列廷冈铁多金属矿床辉钼矿Re-Os定年及其地质意义

列廷冈铁多金属矿床不仅是西藏林周盆地已发现的众多铁多金属矿床中工业价值、找矿远景最好的矿床之一,而且是冈底斯成矿带Fe、Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn等多矿化元素组合的典型代表。本次研究利用辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年代学测试方法,对列廷冈矿床8件辉钼矿进行了精确定年,首次明确了矿床成矿时代。测试结果表明,辉钼矿模式年龄为(60.97±0.92)Ma~(63.19±0.93)Ma,等时线年龄为(62.28±0.66)Ma(MSWD=0.74),矿床形成于古新世,与印度—亚洲大陆主碰撞阶段在冈底斯成矿作用有关。矿床辉钼矿Re含量变化于0.54×10-6~84.72×10-6,指示矿床成矿物质来源主要为壳幔混源。列廷冈矿床成矿时代和成矿物质来源的厘定,对于区域上开展古新世铁多金属矿床的找矿预测具有十分重要的意义。     

A study of ozone in the Colorado mountains

The seasonal and diurnal variations of ozone mixing ratios have been observed at Niwot Ridge. Colorado. The ozone mixing ratios have been correlated with the NO _x (NO+NO₂) mixing ratios measured concurrently at the site. The seasonal and diurnal variations in O₃ can be reasonably well understood by considering photochemistry and transport. In the winter there is no apparent systematic diurnal variation in the O₃ mixing ratio because there is little diurnal change of transport and a slow photochemistry. In the summer, the O₃ levels at the site are suppressed at night due to the presence of a nocturnal inversion layer that isolated ozone near the surface, where it is destroyed. Ozone is observed to increase in the summer during the day. The increases in ozone correlate with increasing NO _x levels, as well as with the levels of other compounds of anthropogenic origin. We interpret this correlation as in-situ or in-transit photochemical production of ozone from these precursors that are transported to our site. The levels of ozone recorded approach 100 ppbv at NO _x mixing ratios of approximately 3 ppbv. Calculations made using a simple clean tropospheric chemical model are consistent with the NO _x -related trend observed for the daytime ozone mixing ratio. However, the chemistry, which does not include nonmethane hydrocarbon photochemistry, underestimates the observed O₃ production.     

Analytical perspective on trace element species of interest in exploration

Analysis of soil and sediment samples, using selective extraction methods to distinguish different phases, is of particular interest in exploration geochemistry to locate deeply buried mineral deposits. There are various mechanisms of binding labile elements in the secondary environment, including physical and chemical sorption, precipitation, chelation and complexation. Phases present in soils and sediments which are likely to scavenge ‘free' elements include amorphous Mn and Fe oxides, the humic and fulvic components of humus, and clays. This paper reviews these forms of trace elements and the methods in current use to quantify them. Examples of precision data, both for control and survey samples, are given with respect to trace elements dissolved from the ‘soluble organic' component of humus, Mn oxides and amorphous Fe oxides. The high sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is required to measure accurately and precisely a large suite of trace elements, especially where only small fractions of elements are dissolved by such leaches as the commercially available Enzyme and MMI (Mobile Metal Ion) extractions. The relative standard deviations (RSD) obtained for 33 elements (e.g. Ag, Cd, In, I) in the standard reference sample (SRM), TILL-2, are in the range 0.5–8% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH₂OH·HCl) leach designed to extract hydrous Fe and Mn oxides. The corresponding RSDs for elements in the reactive Mn oxide phase extracted by the Enzyme leach are in the range 3–19% except for some trace elements at levels close to detection limit (e.g. Cd, Bi). The RSDs obtained for field duplicates are inferior to those for analytical replicates (i.e. sample splits), probably a reflection of different concentrations of the host phase. In one soil survey, the Fe extracted by a 0.25 M NH₂OH·HCl leach ranged conservatively from 0.2 to 1.7% whereas the Mn extracted by the Enzyme leach varied extensively, from 0.3 to >999 ppm. In contrast, precision, at 1–7% RSD, for field duplicates was found to be comparable with that for both analytical duplicates and the SRM, LKSD-4, for elements associated with the humic and fulvic component of humus samples sieved to <177 μm.     

XEPOS型偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪分析蒙古铁矿石

以熔融玻璃片和粉末压片制样,采用XEPOS型偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪,建立了铁矿石中总铁、氧化钙、氧化镁、二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、硫、磷、铜等组分的快速分析方法。着重讨论硫、磷两元素测定的可行性和Lucas-Tooth、Price数学校正模型的适应性和改善方法的途径。     

雅满苏铁矿床地质特征及成因浅析

雅满苏铁矿矿体的空间分布受成矿期断裂构造的控制，呈透镜状、舒缓波状延伸，分3个层位产出。铁矿的形成与火山热液活动关系密切，矿体中既有热液活动的特征又有矿质流体贯入的特征，早期热液活动形成交代充填型矿石，后期富铁流体贯入充填后形成品位较高的磁铁矿体。     

二次熔矿方式电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定棕刚玉中硅铁钛钙镁锆

根据棕刚玉难熔的特点,采用二次熔矿方式对样品进行分解,经盐酸酸化的浸提液用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定硅、铁、钛、钙、镁、锆的含量。第一次加入硼酸-碳酸钠(质量比2∶1)熔矿,熔剂中大量硼酸的存在可以确保棕刚玉样品无需研磨而分解完全;但所得熔融物极难提取,通过提高熔剂中碳酸钠的比例后进行第二次熔矿,使熔融物酸化浸取变得快速简单。对硼酸-碳酸钠混合溶剂的比例、熔矿温度和时间、称样量和样品粒度等实验条件进行优化,分析结果表明方法检出限为0.0003%～0.0051%,精密度(RSD,n=11)为0.88%～4.78%。用标准物质验证,测定值与标准值相符;与国标法对比验证,测定结果相符。该方法样品分解充分,对样品的粒度适应范围宽,可满足生产控制快速检测的要求。     

露天铁矿禀赋优势等级划分和合理矿业税费的研究

利用自组织神经网络，对我国主要露天铁矿进行了禀赋优势等级划分。权利金大小的确定，应以铁矿资源的资产评估为基础，资产评估时合理成本的取值应是评估矿山所在同一等级矿山的平均成本。矿产资源的原有价值是权利金征收的对象。最后以歪头山为实例，计算了铁矿资源的原有价值和权利金。结果表明，目前对歪头山铁矿征收的税费仍然偏高。     

北京市铁矿资源形势及找矿方向

目前,我国年钢铁产量快速增长,造成市场上铁矿石供小于求,价格快速上扬。铁矿为北京市允许开采矿种,保有储量仅2亿吨,可供现有铁矿山开采35年,因此应加大铁矿资源的勘查力度,增添新的矿产地,满足钢铁生产的需求。北京密云、怀柔北部山区的变质岩中鞍山式铁矿石,为主要找矿方向。     

宁芜盆地凹山铁矿床辉长闪长玢岩和花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

宁芜盆地是长江中下游多金属成矿带的重要矿集区之一,是玢岩型铁矿成矿模式建模的基地.玢岩型铁矿床成矿时代的约束对区域成岩成矿作用及成矿动力学背景研究具有重要的意义.凹山铁矿床是宁芜盆地玢岩型铁矿床的典型代表之一,本文选择矿区发育的两种与成矿作用关系密切的岩浆岩为研究对象,进行锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研...     

河北滦平周台子条带状铁矿地质特征、围岩时代及其地质意义

河北滦平县周台子铁矿位于华北克拉通北缘,是产于前寒武纪单塔子群变质岩系中的鞍山式铁矿,具有条带状铁建造(BIF)特征。矿石主要呈条带状构造,有的呈条纹和致密块状构造。矿石类型主要以石英磁铁矿型为主,含铁介于30%~35%。前寒武纪变质岩是矿床的主要围岩,出露有黑云母(角闪)斜长片麻岩和斜长角闪岩,局部见花岗片麻岩。原岩恢复表明,黑云母(角闪)斜长片麻岩的原岩为英安岩-流纹岩,斜长角闪岩原岩为玄武岩。花岗片麻岩的SiO₂含量大于56%,MgO含量小于3%,Al₂O₃含量大于15%,Sr含量大于500×10^-6,Yb含量均小于1.9×10^-6,轻重稀土元素分异明显,重稀土元素强烈亏损,并且Eu负异常不明显,表明该片麻岩具埃达克质岩石的地球化学特征。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示出几组年龄,分别是2512±21Ma, 2452±9.6Ma,2394±55Ma。大体看,2512Ma代表了火山喷发和周台子铁矿BIF沉淀年龄,2452Ma左右的锆石年龄代表了TTG质花岗片麻岩的侵位结晶年龄,2394Ma锆石年龄代表了周台子铁矿经历了一次变质作用,并对原有的岩石和矿石进行了改造。锆石Hf同位素特征显示斜长角闪岩和TTG质片麻岩的岩浆源区受到过古老地壳物质的混染。周台子铁矿构造环境可能是与裂谷有关的张性环境。