内蒙古正蓝旗羊蹄子山-磨石山钛矿区硅质岩地球化学特征及沉积环境意义

文章通过详细的野外地质调查和系统的岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素及硅、氧同位素等研究,探讨了羊蹄子山-磨石山钛矿区无矿白色硅质岩和富钛硅质岩的成因及形成地质构造环境。研究结果表明,呈厚层状产出的无矿白色硅质岩具较高的SiO2、Al2O3含量及Al/(Al Fe Mn)、Al2O3/(Al2O3 Fe2O3)比值,稀土元素总量很低,其北美页岩标准化配分模式为向右倾的曲线,无明显铈异常和铕异常,表明其形成于受陆源影响的大陆边缘构造环境;赋矿岩系中薄层状富钛硅质岩的TiO2、Fe2O3、Cu、V含量较高,但Al/(Al Fe Mn)、Al2O3/(Al2O3 Fe2O3)比值较低,稀土元素总量较高,北美页岩标准化曲线为明显左倾型-平坦型,具弱的负铈异常,表明其形成于洋脊及附近环境。两种硅质岩的δ30Si值为变化较小的负值,与热水沉积和某些生物成因硅质岩的硅同位素组成相似,两者的δ18O值范围和平均值均相似。两类硅质岩的成因及形成构造环境不同,富钛硅质岩的地球化学特征表明,该矿床的形成与本区元古宙海底火山热液喷流作用有关。     

新疆阿尔泰蒙库铁矿床的成矿流体及成矿作用

蒙库大型铁矿床赋存于上志留统—下泥盆统康布铁堡组变质火山-沉积岩系中,容矿岩石为石榴子石矽卡岩、变粒岩、浅粒岩和大理岩。矿体总体顺层分布,空间上与矽卡岩密切相关。研究表明,矽卡岩期石榴子石以发育玻璃质熔融包裹体、流体熔融包裹体和流体包裹体为特征,晚期矽卡岩阶段矿物中发育液相包裹体,变质期矿物中主要发育液相包裹体和含子矿物包裹体。矽卡岩期熔融包裹体的均一温度为1100℃,早期矽卡岩阶段流体包裹体均一温度变化于193～499℃,在450℃、350℃和230℃出现峰值。中期矽卡岩阶段均一温度变化于236～550℃,峰值为350℃。区域变质期均一温度介于132～513℃,在350℃、230℃和190℃出现峰值。流体包裹体的盐度w(NaCleq)介于1.23%～60.31%,流体密度变化于0.60～1.16g/cm3。石榴子石、石英和方解石的δ18OSMOW变化于0.2‰～8.4‰,δ18OH2O介于-5.1‰～5.33‰,δD为-127‰～-81‰,表明矽卡岩期成矿流体主要是岩浆水,混合少量大气降水;变质期流体主要为大气降水,为混合变质水。方解石δ13CPDB变化于-6.1‰～-2.3‰,表明流体中碳来自深部或地幔。成矿时代为早泥盆世早期(略晚于404～400Ma),成矿作用与矽卡岩的退化变质作用有关。     

广西大厂拉么锌铜多金属矿床成岩成矿作用年代学研究

本文对广西大厂矿田拉么矿区内出露的酸性侵入岩和矿石进行了精细的年代学研究,分别获得龙箱盖含斑黑云母花岗岩锆石原位SHRIMP UPb和全岩RbSr等时线年龄为94±4Ma（95%可信度）和98.6±1.9Ma（95%可信度）,矽卡岩成矿期锌铜矿石中石英矿物RbSr等时线年龄为98.6±6Ma（95%可信度）。上述测定结果表明,拉么锌铜多金属矿床的成矿年龄与相关岩体的成岩年龄接近,均形成于早白垩世晚期。     

山东省济宁强磁异常区深部铁矿初步验证及其意义

山东省济宁磁异常是一个重、磁同源体,面积大于100 km2,磁异常峰值为3800nT。钻探验证在孔深1041.57～1796.54m位置发现铁矿体,矿体总厚度74.04～220m,磁性铁平均品位15.89～25.19%。矿石类型有条带状方解磁铁石英岩和条带状磁铁石英大理岩,矿石的主要组成矿物为石英、方解石、磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿、菱铁矿。矿体产于济宁岩群浅变质岩系中,矿床特征与条带状铁建造（BIF）铁矿或鞍山式铁矿有明显区别,铁矿成因类型属与千枚岩、变质中酸性火山岩、大理岩有关的沉积变质型铁矿床。该区铁矿资源潜力巨大。     

Neoliberalism and natural resource management: Agri-environmental standards and the governing of farming practices

Private standards and certification schemes are widely acknowledged as playing an increasingly important role in agri-environmental governance. While much of the existing research concludes that these mechanisms consolidate the global extension of neoliberalism – enhancing the power of corporate actors to the detriment of smaller producers – we argue that this overlooks the complex ways in which standards are used by governments and farmers in the governing of farming practices. Focusing specifically on a process standard – Environmental Management Systems (EMS) – promoted by the Australian government as a way of verifying the ‘clean and green’ status of agricultural exports, we examine how one regional group of producers has sought to use EMS standards in practice. Our analysis of a case study in the state of Victoria appears to confirm that EMS was a successful instrument for the extension of neoliberal governance, reinforcing the production of neoliberal subjectivities and practices amongst farmer participants and enabling the government to compensate for gaps in environmental provision. However, it would be a mistake to interpret the development of this EMS scheme as an example of naïve farmers manipulated by the state. In practice, farmers used the opportunities provided by government funding to undertake actions which expressed their own agri-environmental values and practices. Establishment of an EMS and associated eco-label enabled producers to demonstrate and extend their capacity to act as good environmental stewards. Our research highlights how the local application of environmental standards negotiates and shapes, rather than simply contributes to, neoliberal rule.     

Origin of Fe-Ti Oxide Ores in Mafic Intrusions: Evidence from the Panzhihua Intrusion, SW China

Economic concentrations of Fe–Ti oxides occur as massive,conformable lenses or layers in the lower part of the Panzhihuaintrusion, Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China. Mineralchemistry, textures and QUILF equilibria indicate that oxidesin rocks of the intrusion were subjected to extensive subsolidusre-equilibration and exsolution. The primary oxide, reconstructedfrom compositions of titanomagnetite in the ores and associatedintergrowths, is an aluminous titanomagnetite (Usp₄₀) with 40wt % FeO, 34 wt % Fe₂O₃, 16·5 wt % TiO₂, 5·3 wt% Al₂O₃, 3·5 wt % MgO and 0·5 wt % MnO. This compositionis similar to the bulk composition of the oxide ore, as inferredfrom whole-rock data. This similarity strongly suggests thatthe ores formed from accumulation of titanomagnetite crystals,not from immiscible oxide melt as proposed in earlier studies.The occurrence of oxide ores in the lower parts of the Panzhihuaintrusion is best explained by settling and sorting of densetitanomagnetite in the ferrogabbroic parental magma. This magmamust have crystallized Fe–Ti oxides relatively early andabundantly, and is likely to have been enriched in Fe and Tibut poor in SiO₂. These features are consistent with fractionationof mantle-derived melts under relatively high pressures (10kbar), followed by emplacement of the residual magma at 5 kbar.This study provides definitive field and geochemical evidencethat Fe–Ti oxide ores can form by accumulation in ferrogabbro.We suggest that many other massive Fe–Ti oxide depositsmay have formed in a similar fashion and that high concentrationsof phosphorus or carbon, or periodic fluctuation of fO₂ in themagma, are of secondary importance in ore formation. KEY WORDS: ELIP; Fe–Ti oxide ore; layered intrusion; Panzhihua; QUILF     

桃山铀矿田桃山断裂及其保矿作用

桃山铀矿田位于江西省中部,断裂构造发育,既有成矿构造,也有保矿构造,其中斜贯桃山矿田的桃山断裂即是一保矿构造,它形成于车免近时期,走向北东,倾向南东,右行正断,并具铰链断层性质,上盘地块掀斜下落,致使上盘成矿壳层向NW和NE倾斜,由于倾末端的侵蚀深度较小,保矿条件较好,加强这些地带的铀矿勘查和评价具有重要意义。     

河南省洛宁县寨凹钼矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因

寨凹钼矿床位于华北克拉通南缘的熊耳地体．矿床定位受马超营断裂带的次级断裂控制,矿体呈脉状贼存于太华超群石板沟组黑云角闪斜长片麻岩中。成矿过程包括3个阶段：石英-辉钼矿阶段（I）、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅱ）、石英-碳酸盐阶段（Ⅲ）,其中,I阶段为主成矿阶段。寨凹钼矿床可见2类流体包裹体,即水溶液型和含子晶包裹体;激光拉曼指示包裹体成分主要为H2O。从早到晚,流体包裹体均一温度从I阶段100～260℃,经Ⅱ阶段110～160℃．变化为Ⅲ阶段120—180℃．矿床总体属于低温热液矿床：流体包裹体盐度从I阶段的2～25wt％NaCl．eqv演化至Ⅱ阶段的6—30wt％NaCl．eqv．然后降为Ⅲ阶段的7～25wt％NaCl．eqv。I阶段均一温度范围宽广、流体包裹体盐度由双峰式演化为单峰式以及包裹体温度-盐度双变图的负相关性指示了流体混合是主要的成矿机制。寨凹钼矿流体包裹体以高密度、高盐度的低温低压流体为特征,是含CaCl,流体参与成矿的结果,热的岩浆流体与冷的含CaCl,的卤水的混合．导致了辉钼矿的沉淀。寨凹钼矿床地质和流体包裹体特征与侵入岩相关的成矿系统一致．指示其成因类型为与侵入岩有关的钼矿床．     

无外加流体、350℃和差异应力条件下硫化物再活化实验研究

红透山块状硫化物矿石主要成分为黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿和石英、角闪石、黑云母等脉石矿物。将此矿石烘干后作为试料置于岩石三轴应力试验机,在13h内将轴压、围压和温度分步升至1276MPa、414MPa和350℃,然后在空气中自然冷却至室温。实验产物中黄铁矿、石英、长石等以脆性碎裂为主,而磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿和云母等以塑性变形为主。再活化的黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿和少量闪锌矿呈脉和网脉穿插黄铁矿碎斑。实验结果表明,即使没有外来流体加入．构造动力作用所导致的流体包裹体破坏所释出的流体,就足以使成矿物质发生活化转移和再活化。     

PVC-U塑料管在浅层地热能地下水资源开发工程中应用与研究

PVC-U塑料管具有耐腐蚀、不结垢、质量轻、使用寿命长等特点。将其应用于浅层地热能开发和供水管井工程中,不但可以解决金属井管腐蚀破裂、结垢和水源热泵回灌难等问题,而且还减少了水井维修费用、延长其使用寿命。结合河南郑州实施的437、400 m两眼浅层地热能开发和供水管井示范工程实践,详细论述了PVC-U塑料管成井工艺、存在问题及解决方法的研究成果。