营口蛇纹石玉负离子释放功能及机理探讨

营口玉是传统岫岩玉中的特别类型,它的物理化学特征及成矿类型均与传统岫岩玉不同。采用ETS-2能量测试系统、偏光显微镜、电感耦合等离子质谱仪等现代测试技术手段对营口蛇纹石玉负离子释放量及机理进行了研究。结果表明:营口蛇纹石玉具有很好的负离子释放功能(840～933个/cm³),接近都市公园水平(1 000～2 000个/cm³),甚至高于环境矿物材料电气石。营口玉释放负离子的根本原因是玉石内部放射性微量元素导致空气分子及水分子电离而产生负离子。具有生物和化学活性的蛇纹石与玉石内具有放射性的微量元素共同作用使营口玉具有较好的负离子释放功能。     

食品中有机氯农药和多氯联苯气相色谱-质谱分析的离子化方式

对食品中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析方法中三种离子化方式,电子轰击电离(EI)、正化学电离(PCI)和负化学电离(NCI)进行了总结和比较。PCI-MS/MS方法和EI-MS/MS方法都有很高的选择性和较高的灵敏度;PCI方法在分析含硝基、羰基等基团的化合物时有明显优势,EI则在分析狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、硫丹及其代谢物时比PCI表现稍好,而NCI-MS的灵敏度最高,但抗干扰能力稍弱,且不适合分析滴滴涕类和多氯联苯类化合物。在食品安全分析中,三种质谱方法的准确性好,精密度高,检测限较低,都能够满足食品中农残检测的要求,在日常检测工作中可互为补充和替代。同时指出,GC在有机氯化合物分析中仍表现出明显的优越性;常规的GC-MS尤其在EI电离模式下,易受到基质干扰而使谱图变得复杂;新型离子化方式包括高选择性化学电离技术的应用,将是食品安全中GC-MS联用分析的发展方向之一。     

广州地区低纬电离层TEC扰动与两次强地震的关系研究

利用广州地区GPS-TEC监测网获得的TEC数据,分析了两次7.0级以上地震与低纬电离层TEC扰动存在的可能联系。对TEC的时序分析表明:两次地震发生前TEC的日变幅度均出现下降。但两次地震异常之间存在一定差异。台湾南部邻海7.2级地震前10 d内出现了负异常和正异常,但汶川8.0级地震前8 d和后6d内只出现负异常。此外,还讨论了低层电离层TEC扰动与地磁活动及热层动力学之间可能存在的联系。     

南极中山站电离层的极区特征

本文利用1996年的电离层数字测高仪DPS-4所测的f0F2、f0E以及美国NOAA和DMSP卫星观测估算的半球功率指数和午夜极光区赤道侧边界纬度等资料,考察中山站电离层的极区特征。结果表明,在太阳和地磁宁静环境下,冬季极夜磁正午中山站处于极隙区中心时,电离层内的电离密度达全天的最大值;上、下午各有数小时间隔位极光带内时,高能粒子的电离作用也很重要;夜间进入极差区后,电子密度则很低。夏季极昼时,太阳EUV辐射的电离效应使电离层电离密度比冬季值大许多,而且,日变化的最大值时间也提前了1~2h,强磁扰时,极隙区和极光带均向低纬侧移动;中山站上空的电子密度会大幅度下降。在中等扰动环境下情况要加复杂：磁正午前后极隙区内软粒子沉降的电离强度有所减小,而上、下午极光区的高能粒子电离则有较大增加。     

纺织品中致癌性芳香胺电喷雾解吸电离质谱法测定

用甲醇-水-乙酸(体积比49∶49∶2)混合溶液作为喷雾溶剂,在优化实验条件下,将电喷雾解吸电离质谱(DESI-MS)用于各种质地纺织品中24种致癌性芳香胺的非破坏性快速检测,均获得满意结果。分析实际样品时,由于该方法无需样品预处理,单个样品单一指标的检测不到30 s,大大节省了分析时间,提高了分析效率。同时借助串联质谱的特异性,能够有效地避免实验结果的假阳性。方法对大部分芳香胺具有较高的灵敏度,二级质谱中特征离子的检出限一般为10-9g/kg。建立的方法能灵敏、快速、无损检测纺织品中的致癌芳香胺,精密度较好,对同一样品10次测量结果的相对标准偏差为5%~10%。     

Correlation between clouds at different altitudes and solar activity: Fact or Artifact?

Studies of the relation between cosmic rays (CR) (solar activity) and atmospheric cloudiness are mostly based on the satellite ISCCP cloud data. However, doubts have been cast that these relations can be an artifact of instrumental effects, i.e., of the masking/obscuring low clouds by higher clouds in the satellite view. If this is the case, most of the earlier results based on ISCCP data would be devaluated. Here, we reanalyze the ISCCP cloud coverage data and its relation with the cosmic ray-induced ionization, and show that the correlation between low clouds and CR is affected by higher clouds in some geographical regions, but not everywhere. In turn, our results show that low clouds also may affect the relation of higher clouds with CR in some regions. Accordingly, correlation analysis can be performed only when the strong relation between clouds of different types is taken into account. In particular, studies based on global or latitudinal (zonally averaged) cloud data should be revised.     

Molecular characterization of dissolved black nitrogen via electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Combustion produces a complex mixture of polycondensed aromatic compounds known as black carbon (BC). Such products can become remobilized from char and soil in the form of dissolved BC (DBC). Ultra-high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI–FT-ICRMS) analysis of a variety of soil and char leachates showed that a significant proportion of DBC compounds contained one or more nitrogen atoms. While the presence of black nitrogen (DBN) in dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been reported, its molecular features were uncharacterized. Here we present results of FT-ICRMS characterization of DBN, where assigned formulae were validated on the basis on their ¹³C isotope signatures and fragmentation patterns obtained via collision induced dissociation. Possible chemical structures were assigned for several DBN formulae and suggest that nitrogen was incorporated into the core ring system as a pyrrole-type moiety. Most DBN compounds existed as part of homologous series where homologs differed by a mass corresponding to CO₂, suggesting that they were polysubstituted with carboxylic acid groups. The environmental contribution of such novel, aromatic, combustion-derived nitrogen compounds with respect to global nitrogen cycling remains elusive. The biogeochemical implications of the input of such fire-derived products to aquatic ecosystems as part of climate change therefore need to be assessed.     

稀有气体在电离区压缩特性研究

采用Saha方程加Debye-Hückel修正简单近似模型,给出了稀有气体He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe在电离区的物态方程以及离化度.计算结果与已有实验和理论计算进行比较,验证了模型的可靠性.通过对稀有气体等温和冲击压缩特性理论分析,讨论了其压缩和电离的规律性.论证了在稀有气体He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe中,气体Xe具有较好的抗压缩性.     

热电离质谱法测定国际比对氧化铀芯块中的铀同位素比值

采用全蒸发-热电离质谱技术测量了国际比对二氧化铀样品中的铀同位素比值。比对结果表明,本实验室提交的²³⁴U/²³⁸U、²³⁵U/²³⁸U和²³⁶U/²³⁸U值与IAEA公布的参考值偏差分别为0.02%、-0. 003%和0. 97%,在实验室间分析测试能力评价中, Z (或ζ)分数分别是0.03(或0.05)、-0.05(或-0.07)和0.15(或0.25),均被评价为满意。     

热电离质谱(TIMS)U-Th年龄测定及其应用研究初探

尝试了用热电离质谱方法测定南海第四纪珊瑚的Ｕ－Ｔｈ年龄，并利用国家铀系年龄标准物质ＧＢＷ０４４１３来监测分析结果的合理性。结果显示，ＧＢＷ０４４１３的ＴＩＭＳ年龄与作为推荐值的α记数方法测定结果一致，反映出其可靠性；而年龄在１ｋａ左右的珊瑚样品的ＴＩＭＳ年龄与１４Ｃ年龄一致，＞５ｋａ样品的ＴＩＭＳ年龄老于１４Ｃ年龄，体现两种方法的系统差别